Laz-697 "woKhanketho": ezizodwa zobugcisa. iibhasi Umzila

Ekubeni balo de kwangowe-1955 xa uluhlu imveliso ye saseLviv Plant Bus kubo. iminyaka 50 USSR liqulethe: milenge kunye iindawo nanceba, iimoto zombane, chassis ezirhuqwayo ngokwabo ezirhuqwayo, ezirhuqwayo ezikhethekileyo kwezothutho lesonka, iimoto, ezimotweni, iivenkile mobile ezirhuqwayo ... Ngokubanzi, esi sityalo ukuvelisa nto, ngaphandle iibhasi ngokwabo. 17 kuphela Agasti 1955 isityalo ingcebiso ngexesha komhlangano ezichongiweyo abo. umgaqo-nkqubo kunye kwicala lophuhliso ngokuveliswa iibhasi kunye nabaqeqeshi.

AMAGQABAZA ▸ Nalaz iibhasi

Ingakumbi ukuba ibhasi izityalo elilinge kumisa kwi mveliso KB, ulawulo leyo lidluliselwe V. Osepchugovu. Iziko ezingundoqo iingcali ithiwe thaca kwi-umyili entsha, kutshanje izidanga kumaziko Ushishino lweemoto.

Ekuqaleni Laz wayecebe ukumanya ukuveliswa imodeli ogqityiweyo ibhasi ZIS-155. Noko ke, Amabhongo CB iqela oselula ngokucacile nxamnye themba, kunye nenye iphayiphu ecetywayo nokudalwa emotweni yakhe. Le mbono kuye kwaxhaswa kulawulo oluphezulu, kwaye ngokukodwa Laz ukuya emsebenzini zange ukuqala ukusuka ekuqaleni, zaye zathengwa ngexesha le abaqeqeshi zakutshanje yaseYurophu: "Magirus", "Neoplan" yaye "Mercedes". Factory iinjineli injalo dismantle ngezikhonkwane, ukufunda ngenyameko iimpawu zoyilo yeemoto yokungenisa.

Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni kuka-1955 ngere- ibhasi ukuba phantse lilungile. Kuba okokuqala ngayo wasetyenziswa isiseko amandla, kuqulethe ityhubhu ukuba waba candelo cross yoxande. Xa isiseko waqhagamshelana ngokuqinileyo ubume umzimba ibhasi. Le motor imoto, nayo ibe ubutsha, ebekwe longitudinally kwi inxalenye ngasemva.

Isondo yezityalo ukumiswa CB ziphuhliswa kunye iinjineli US. Kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo, isakhiwo spring-intwasahlobo, apho ukunyuka ukuqina ukwanda kulingana umthwalo. Ngoko ke, lo iqondo ingxinano le bhasi ayichaphazeli nentuthuzelo zehambo abakhweli. Yaba enye uphawu ezikhethekileyo koomatshini Lviv.

Ngowe-1956, kunye isityalo liqengqiwe off sisixeko sokuqala Laz-695, nto leyo eyaba kwase ukuba kuhlenga-elide umgama elizayo.

Isiqalo "abakhenkethi 'indlela

Ekwindla ka-1958 saseLviv Automobile Plant likhuphe iibhasi prototype ye-elide umgama yonxibelelwano. Ngenxa yokuba. ukuba umatshini yayiza kusetyenziselwa ngobanjiso elide, wathi isalathiso ababalwayo wafumana Ukongeza - "The woKhanketho". Ibhasi entsha ibe yimveliso odibeneyo imoto kunye US Institute of iinjineli zoyilo.

Ukongeza "The Tourist" sifumene inani lotshintsho zoyilo kulahlula kwase (Laz-695), i abayili baye bazama ukwenza bume zabakhweli.

iingcango Bulkhead ibekwe zombini iziphelo ndlwana, endaweni ligqabi enye luvula ngesandla. Sliding uphahla imoto benza.

Kwimozulu elingaphakathi Laz-697 "woKhanketho" waphendula ndlela zimbini:

• ukufudumeza Uhlobo air heater;
• umoya ngenkani, mayixhotyiswe humidifier.

Salon ibalwa izihlalo 33.

Esihlalweni umkhweli yaba uyilo kakhulu ukhululekile backrest adjustable. Ukongeza, isihlalo ngasinye lixhotyiswe: ngamnye kwiqamza ebusuku izibane igridi eyenzelwe iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, kwakunye licuba.

Ukuqondisa kubonelelwa eyahlukileyo isihlalo lokomeleza - 34, pivotable ngokusebenzisa izidanga 180.

Oku lo Bus eLviv ekuqaleni elijongene uphawu ZIL - unobumba "L" ikwisakhelo chrome. Ngaphezu koko, uphawu beza kuthetha zonke iimodeli ezilandelayo nangokuthi kuhlenga lezithuthi eziveliswa yi kwisityalo.

Umfuziselo prototype ogqityiweyo lwaqhutyelwa lo Mboniso ka-Impumelelo kwezoqoqosho, xa udidi olutsha - "webhasi". Emva kokuthabatha inxaxheba Mboniso ka-Impumelelo kwezoQoqosho ibhasi waya neqela uhambo, eyenziwa abasebenzi waziwayo kwisityalo, uhambo ngokusebenzisa yali Poland neCzechoslovakia.

thabatha ngambini

Ekuqaleni kwehlobo 1959 Laz wadala omnye uguqulelo "I wabakhenkethi", kunye nenani elifanayo zokumakisha, kodwa inani yomahluko noshowo ukusuka prototype yokuqala.

iinguqu ezinkulu ziye yabachaphazela eluphahleni ibhasi: imodeli ngayo ukutyibilika liye lathatyathelw 'indawo ukukhuhla enkulu (1.8 x 2.7 m), ngenxa leyo kwanciphisa ummandla imitha kophahla Injengokubengezela. Kuba okokuqala kule modeli ngaphezu kwifestile ke enyusiweyo inani lomoya, ebonelela umoya endalo gumbi umkhweli. Shape kufana nemibhalo evela eqokobheni. Zonke iibhasi zilandelayo ezinikezelweyo incopho enjalo, eyaba uhlobo lwalawo yemingxuma. Kwakhona ifa zonke iindlela ezilandelayo kweebhasi yaba ukwanda ubungakanani window, kuqala ofakiweyo ku kabini Laz-697.

Impahla yomntu abakhweli ofakelwe ngqo phantsi emgangathweni ndlwana. Ilayisha imithwalo kwenziwe ngaphandle nge izivingco kwicala ekhethekileyo ibekwe emacaleni ibhasi.

Icandelo amandla yaba injini Zil-164. uhlobo Ukurhoxiswa spring (imithombo semi-okweqanda igqabi 4) kunye nemithombo ilungiswe.

waqhutyelwa Le eLviv Bus 2 iminyaka ilandelelana njengoko umbukiso kwimiboniso ngamazwe: ngo-1959 - eFransi, yaye ngo-1960 - eSwitzerland.

Oomashini kwakhiwa kuthotho, sahlukile zeyunithi prototype amandla. iibhasi Umzila efakiweyo 109 hp injini ZIL-158A. I-injini enye kunye nesixeko ezifunyenweyo - Laz-695B.

Laz-697: Ukucacisa

• Ubukhulu ibhasi, m - 9.19 x 2,99 x 2.5 (ubude, ububanzi, ubude, ngokulandelelana).
• Nciphisa Weight - 6 t-950 kg.
• Ubunzima ngokupheleleyo kumatshini - 10 t 230 kg.
• Clearance - 27 cm.
• Isantya Reserve - 80 km / h.
• Amandla unit samandla - 109 l / s.
• PPC - ncwadi kunye amanyathelo ezintlanu.
• Kokubonisa - uhlobo olunye-idiskhi, eyomileyo, mayixhotyiswe hydraulic drive.
• Ububanzi bomnyango lokuvula - 84 cm.
• Inani lezihlalo zabakhweli - 33.
• ububanzi Passage - 45 cm.
• Le radius ukwala - 9,6 m.

Ukulungisa i "babakhenkethi"

Emva kokupapashwa kuthotho kumatshini yophuhliso Laz-697 akazange ayeke apho, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha kukho 4 iinguqulelo kancinane ibhasi amabanga:

• Laz - 697E;
• Laz - 697M;
• Laz - 697N;
• Laz - 697R.

Ukulungisa i "E"

Ukususela ngo-1961, isityalo ZIL baqala ukunikeza iibhasi ukuba injini ezintsha eLviv, iyunithi 150-eliqele phambi ZIL-130. Ezi iigiyeri efakwe kwi zombini iibhasi umgama zasezidolophini elide, ngenxa apho imifuziselo okumakisha eziveliswa zitshintshiwe (wongezelela ileta "E") - Laz-695E kunye Laz-697E ngokulandelelana.

utshintsho yeziphumo waba ukwanda iibhasi santya siphezulu ku-87 km / h. Nangona kunjalo, iqela walungiselela iinjini ezintsha babesebancinane, njalo kunye imodeli modified zesityalo baqhubeka ukuvelisa iibhasi 'endala ". Ngaphandle, "endala" kunye noomatshini 'omtsha' enye kwenye akazange ziyahluka.

Kwakungekho de-1964, xa Zilovskoye supply powertrains baye rhoqo, kwaye injini esitsha endaweni ngokupheleleyo imodeli endala.

Ivela kulo nyaka luyiguqule ibhasi ubunzima utshintsho olungephi zangaphandle - nakwiingqameko zalo ivili abe ajikelezayo, aqukuqelayo evela kumatshini wazisusa moldings ecaleni. Kule hlaziyo ngaphezulu, kwaye ngendlela ebhasini elalenziwe de-1969.

Ukulungisa i "M"

Ngowe-1970, imodeli yemveli ibhasi wafumana utshintsho olukhulu ngakumbi ukuba zakuphatha nabaqeqeshi, kunye nogxa walo ezidolophini, zombini iimoto wabona yedijithali yabo yokumakisha unobumba "M". Ngoku ibizwa ngokuba LAZ- 697M kunye Laz-695M (ahamba kunye nesixeko, ngokulandelelana).

Abayili lishiywe ngokupheleleyo kumathambeka iglasi kophahla, kodwa kulendawo banda ngeefestile ecaleni. Ukongeza, umbhobho umoya ukuthathwa injini zithathiwe, apho ngaphambili esifakelwe ngasemva ebhasini. Kuye kwafakwa i-deflectors ecaleni.

Iinguqu zenziwa kunye transmission umatshini. Factory asi abasemva indawo kunye ugqibeleleyo - "Ikhoboka", imveliso isiHungary, kwaye ifakwe steering hydraulic.

Kodwa kuqala, umfuziselo libonisa ukuba abasebenzi mveliso thaca mboniso eMoscow ngo-1969, yahlukile ibhasi lezibuko uyile ekupheleni ngaphambili umatshini kunye nobukho zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka eziliqela, nto leyo indawo iglasi zemveli.

Imveliso lothotho inani Laz-697 M yaqhubeka de 1975, apho xesha sele ulungiselela ukuba enye zolungiso "woKhanketho" - Laz-697N. Hi ndlela leyi, a yenguqu epheleleyo kumatshini omtsha kuthwalelwa phandle ngokwawo, kuqala umgca ibandla waya ezantsi imifanekiso, zona hybrid iinguqulelo ezimbini. Isiphelo elingaphambili ngaphezulu Laz-697M kunye umva sele evela omtsha Laz-697N.

Laz-697N

Le leta "H", ngokubuyisela i "M" kwisalathiso kumatshini, kwaba kukhona kanye lezibuko Laz-697M landise ubukhulu windshields. We wakwenza oko ngo-1973. Kodwa okokuqala imoto kunye isalathisi onjalo ngaphandle kwi iimpumelelo mboniso eMoscow ngo-1971. Enyanisweni yayi 697M ubudala, kodwa xa kukho phambi design entsha.

Imveliso Mass kweebhasi yaqala ngo-1975. Ngaxeshanye, amalungiselelo ukulungiselela ukuveliswa emotweni zilandelayo, apho okwakufanele ukuphuma kolu thotho kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yaye ukufumana isalathisi Laz-697R. Kwaye nangona kwakukho ixesha lenguqu, umgca ibandla baqalisa ukuya imodeli eliphakathi notshintsho otshintshiweyo walungiswa.

Umzekelo, kwezi matshini lususwe ukusuka iifestile kwicala kulwahlulo zokubatshintsha ngabanye sheet ngeglasi eziqinileyo, yaye umoya vnutrisalonnoe iposelwe air eyanele lwangaphandle ibekwe phezu kophahla ibhasi. Itulo diff inomnye phambi kwakuxhomekeke sekusemnyango.

Laz-697R

Ukuveliswa a ukuguqulwa ngakumbi, Laz-697R, yaqala, njengoko kwanziwe izicwangciso, ngo-1978. Ngokwemveli, ibhasi esitsha kwesidala zahluke kancinane. Umahluko kakhulu umxhelo evela Laz-697R Laz-697N kwakungekho ucango umva, kuye kwakhona kuyekwa ngenxa yokuba ubukho yayo kwanciphisa inani lezihlalo. Kaloku, omnye umqondiso phezu kwayo ukwahlula imodeli entsha esuka endala - ke indawo imiyalezo ithuba. In Laz-697R Iimpawu ulwalathiso babe ngcambu mihla ngakumbi kwaye ibekwe ngqo ngentla zemoto. In Laz-697N imiqondiso ithuba ibekwe ecaleni zemoto, ukuma kwabo ngeenxa zonke.

Guqulela umlando

Zonke iinguqulelo kancinane 697 iibhasi series behlelo abakumgangatho ophakathi, kwaye lixesha lokuba kuziwe, bee nqumama. Kwakufuneka imoto a lot of zihlalo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1985 kuveliswe le "abakhenkethi 'endala abasekho. Baye indawo isihlalo 41-entsha Laz-699, ukuthumela series 697-th lodidi "Retro-buses"

imihla yethu and eLviv Retro "woKhanketho"

Kwathatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ukususela ngoko, wenza indlela yokuqala kwase ibhasi enombhalo Laz-697. Kodwa phakathi iintengiso zobuqu inokufumaneka isaziso sentengiso koomatshini kolu ngcelele. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iibhasi Retro bengengabo abasebenzi kuphela, kodwa imeko kuhle. Kakade ke, ukuze-elide umgama travel nabani akubonakali ngathi ukucinga ukusebenzisa umatshini ezinjalo, kodwa ngenxa iingqokelela zabucala bekuya kuba yinto ingendawo. Ukongeza, ibhasi ixabisa iphantsi kakhulu.

Kodwa ke kukho iimeko. Le myuziyam kwezithuthi ezidolophini e Kiev kukho enye kweenguqulelo ze "The Tourist" - Laz-697M. Lo ibhasi yenye iimodeli ezininzi (iingcali zithi zonke zontathu), nto leyo igcinwe ngendlela yayo yoqobo, kwaye urhulumente aphilileyo. Ngelo myuziyam, waba emva kokubuyiselwa kwenziwa mveliso Nalaz. Kwaye, ngokunyanisekileyo, ukuba ngenene le yenye koomatshini abathathu abaseleyo, iindleko zokwenene ibhasi Kunzima ukucinga.

Ubukhulu becala, yintoni na ixabiso umatshini omdala, akunamsebenzi, into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukho abantu ebona kwimbali yophuhliso yezothutho USSR.