Uhlalutyo AFP: a izakhi norm

Birthday izicwangciso kid ujonge phambili abazali abaninzi. Ngelo xesha, ukuba sikhundla, umama okhulelweyo kunyanzeleke ukuba inani elininzi wohlalutyo ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo zifumaneka kunye nocazululo AFP. Ke ukuba isifundo kwi dlala phantse wonke umntu uyazi, alpha-fetoprotein, okanye AFP, bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi.

Kutshanje, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi waguqukela elebhu zophando kwi amakishayo ithumba. Ezi izinto badalwe ezahlukeneyo: ukuba babe iiproteni izithako yayo, enzayim ezithile, iihomoni. Bona imveliso yomsebenzi ebalulekileyo ithumba okanye ziveliswa umzimba njengempendulo ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. AFP naye oncomarker, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku. Zizonke iingcali-20 zasekwa yohlobo lwazo.

Yintoni AFP?

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, uhlalutyo AFP bobabo kudidi uphando zabamakishi ithumba ezibonisa kuthatha indlela ukukhulelwa. Uthe antigen iqhele wavelisa ngqo umbungu abafazi abakhulelweyo. Kodwa emva kokuzalwa imveliso yayo esibindini.

Ngokubanzi, naliphi na iqumrhu, kubandakanywa umntwana olungekazalwa, amajoni omzimba ebona ngolwasemzini. Kwaye njengoko umbungu ayikho umzimba enjalo, ngoko isixa esithile AFP ukhusela olungekazalwa ukusuka kwaliwa emzimbeni. Ekuqaleni ezwi Isilwa lwenzeka kwi corpus luteum ye zamaqanda. Xa kuqala kwiveki yesihlanu yokukhulelwa ziza kuza AFP uba sele iziqhamo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka yayo xiyimiso egazini sikanina negazi yosana. Umxholo eliphezulu le protini, njengoko kuboniswa analysis of AFP uyaqapheleka kwiveki 32-34-th. Emva ekuzalweni kunyaka wokuqala yobomi bakhe umxholo AFP yagqampa yaya umva.

Indima ebalulekileyo AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Indima protein kunzima ukuba zazi, ngenxa yokuba waba ngummeli wowona ulungileyo olungekazalwa kunye nokuthintela imizamo isisu ezizenzekelayo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha evela kakhulu okanye akwanelanga. Oku kufuneka siqaphele ukuba nawuphi na ugqirha yobungcali. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oko kusenokubonisa ukuba esinyini ezingekazalwa iphuhlise ngokufanelekileyo. Maxa wambi iba uphawu ukuba kukho ezinye iingxaki malunga nophuhliso umntwana kwinqanaba ufuzo.

Inqanaba AFP zinokubonisa uhlalutyo AFP, oluqhutywa emva kweeveki ezili-12 zokukhulelwa. Ngeli xesha, umgangatho alpha-fetoprotein ukufikelela kumda lebyi. Ukuba ngethuba zokucazulula olufanelekileyo, kukho ezinye amanani, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho kutenxa kokumiselweyo.

Nangona kunjalo, lo uxilongo ngqo ngokusekelwe omnye kuphela kulingwa alpha-fetoprotein akunakwenzeka ukususela iimpazamo zenzeka. kumanqanaba angcono ingabonisa ezahlukeneyo:

• ukukhulelwa multiple;
• isibindi necrosis umbungu;
• anencephaly;
• Ithemba yosana;
• kidney ngezifo.

Uphuhliso amalungu angaphakathi ne ezingaqhelekanga kukhokelela ekwandeni kwinqanaba AFP.

Ukufumaneka yehlise alpha-fetoprotein kube ngumqondiso ukuba:

• It has zoxilongo Down kaThixo;
• kukho ukulibaziseka kuphuhliso nombungu;
• kwakukho ukufa Palsy.

Kwezinye iimeko, kwinqanaba eliphantsi AFP kukho ingozi kwesisu. Ngamanye amaxesha umxholo walo kangangokuba ngokwesiseko uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba AFP (abafazi eqhelekileyo okanye hayi), ugqirha iqukumbela ukuba ukukhulelwa wobuxoki.

Ukukhulelwa ezingahambi

Nakuphi na ukutenxa kule protein yesiqhelo kubalulekile yeekhrayitheriya iliso yokukhulelwa. Kulo mzekelo, ugqirha ithuba lokumisela ezongezelelweyo zophando, apho kuya kuqinisekiswa okanye ukulahlwa isifo esithile.

Omnye kuphela qaphela ukuba nokukhulelwa iphazanyiswe kwiiveki ungadlulanga umhla we-20. Ngaphambi nje kokuba eli xesha ultrasound scan njengomlinganiselo wolawulo. ). Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukujonga amanqanaba hCG (chorionic human gonadotropin). Ukuba zonke izifundo ukuqinisekisa into yokuba umntwana amathuba aphezulu kuzalwa ngezifo, umthwalo noxanduva kwezigqibo kwamagxa umfazi uthe.

Yintoni enye ebonisa umxholo AFP

Akusoloko uhlalutyo AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa, zokucazulula oomama kuphela kuyimfuneko abakhulelweyo. Kwezinye iimeko, isiphawuli Ithumba uphando ebalulekileyo uxilongo yokugula kakhulu kubantu abadala. Icandelo oluqhelekileyo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-10 IU / ml. Ukukhulisa kweli nqanaba sibonisa ukuba umzimba womntu uye waqalisa ukuphuhlisa ithumba, ngokufuthi kunye metastases. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi malunga Izinga AFP - kwindawo ekhethekileyo ngezantsi.

Ukuba umxholo AFP ngezantsi eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke uphawu iinkqubo ezingaqhelekanga kuphuhliso kwesibindi:

• ukuqina;
• Ukungaphumeleli sesibindi;
• hepatitis B.

Ngaphezu koko, ngokusekelwe kwi imeko kwesibindi kuqukunjelwe kwaye ubukho okanye ukungabikho butywala.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlaziya

Ukuba ugqirha wakho emiselweyo le sifundo uhlahlelo AFP kunye hCG ngexesha lokukhulelwa, amalungiselelo phantse ingafuneki. Ngokuqhelekileyo bonke ilungile egazini sampling eqhelekileyo ukusuka apho iphuma khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiiyure 5-8 ezayo, awukwazi kutya. Xa abafazi abakhulelweyo, eli gama liya kuba ngaphantsi kwe kwiiveki ezili-14. Nangona kunjalo, lo lekhefu phakathi kweeveki 16 18 ingqalelo kakhulu efanelekileyo ukukhiwa igazi. Le nkqubo ngokwayo lwenziwa kusasa, ngexesha lokususwa ml 10 biomaterial.

Yaye ekubeni le nkqubo yenziwa ungatyanga, yaye intsonkothile, isigulana emva kokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba athule, ungakhathazeki ukuba imizuzu eli-15. Oku kusebenza ingakumbi abasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ngeli thuba lifutshane ixesha aphinde amandla, ubuthathaka uhamba, kwaye umngcipheko wokulahla isiqaqa kunciphisa.

Yeyiphi ezinokuchaphazela uhlalutyo

Ukongezelela uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izinto ezithile sinokuwagqwetha uhlalutyo AFP ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ummiselo kule meko kufikelelwa ukuba uyigcine imithetho elula. Ngexesha lesidlo sangokuhlwa, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba ayeke ukutya ukutya kunye nobulawu ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye namanqatha, etshaya kunye eqhotsiweyo zokutya.

ukuyifundisa ezifana ultrasound kunye yokuthanjiswa, kwakunye ubuchule negalelo ezifana X-ray, MRI, CT scan kwakhona kuchaphazela uhlalutyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba abayi bancome mini ekufundweni AFP. Ngokuphathelele iziselo ezinxilisayo, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwazo kufuneka elinye ixesha. Ubuncinane de kube sekupheleni uhlalutyo.

Kwakhona waphawula ukuba abamnyama izinga AFP, ngoxa uhlanga Mongolian, kuba asezantsi kakhulu. Kunjalo kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo ubukho nasiphi na isifo ezidalwe ezifana seswekile okanye izifo wentsholongwane egazini ngaphambili.

Ndisenako uhlolwe phi?

Ngelo xesha langoku na beyaleza yoluntu okanye yabucala kungathatha AFP kunye hCG ukukhulelwa. UNorma uya kwaziwa ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi, ukuba iingcali anolwazi ilifa indlela zophando ziya kusetyenziswa maziko kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko. Indleko yale Uhlalutyo - kuluhlu ukusuka engange-300 ukuya kwezingama-600.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba bapase isifundo esinjalo akuyomfuneko ukuba azame ukuqonda yoko, zokucazulula kufuneka bakwenze kuphela oyingcali. indlela ebanzi kuphela iza kubonelela impendulo echanekileyo. Oku ulwazi njengoba japan kunokwenzeka ifunyenwe ukuba iimvavanyo elebhu kudityaniswe instrumental. Apho idatha kufuneka kwenziwe elebhu efanayo usebenzisa reagent efanayo.

Uhlalutyo Ukhutshelo kunye nezinga AFP

Emva kokuphumelela iziphumo zovavanyo ziya seyilungile kwiintsuku ezimbini, kodwa ke ukuba kuyimfuneko, likaxakeka ungayifumana kweeyure ezimbini kamva. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuze babe ngedatha ethembekileyo, kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu yesibini uvavanyo lokukhulelwa kufuneka yenziwe ngokusebenzisana uphando ultrasound hormone placental kunye nezinye iinkqubo zonyango.

Ilabhoratri nganye ngokuba uhlalutyo kwinqanaba AFP usebenzisa iindlela zayo kunye nezinto zokwenza ngokutsha. . Kodwa efanayo iiyunithi zibonakaliswe phindwe kuzo zonke iimeko: IU / ml okanye umama. при беременности, норма (МоМ) составляет 0,5-2. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlalutyo oluhamba AFP kunye hCG e lokukhulelwa (kusale) ngu 0.5-2. Noko ke, ukuba ilabhoratri usebenzisa ezinye amadondolo (IU / ml), inqanaba protein, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala sokukhulelwa ziya kwahluka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (bona. Itheyibhile ngezantsi).

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, xa amadoda umlinganiselo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-10 IU / ml. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kumabhinqa non-abakhulelweyo.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba

ukuvavanyelwa AFP Ukuze Kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwisithuba seeveki 12 yokumitha. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ukubona ubukho okanye ukungabikho ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba azikho bona, ngoko ke uhlelo ngokwesiqhelo. Kodwa ke ukuba ubani ugqirha Inika umsebenzi reanalysis okanye izifundo ezongezelelweyo.

просто необходимо без возражений. Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwegazi AFP kunye hCG kufuneka nje ngaphandle inkcaso. Oku kusebenza kwiimeko apho umntwana kukhawulweyo izalamane igazi, lo mntwana wazalelwa kunye malformation okanye ngezifo into njengelifa. Oku kubalulekile ingakumbi xa umfazi ukhulelwa okokuqala kwisithuba 35 iminyaka.

Kunjalo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba ngethuba izama ukufumana umfazi ityala abamithiyo kwesisu ezizenzekelayo.
• Ukufumana unina ngaphambi ukukhulelwa okanye ngethuba lokuqala amayeza eziyityhefu echaphazela mbungu.
• Ubukho naziphi na izifo ilifa wezakhi kwinqanaba yemfuza, abazali elizayo.

Ukongeza koku, kufuneka nje badlule isifundo ukuba kwibakala okuqala umfazi othwele umntwana kwabanjwa zoviwo X-ray.