Kwezolimo: oli. inkcubeko Shrovetide Russian

Pancake kunye izityalo ziyathandwa kolimo kummandla Russian Federation. Amafutha, apho zivela imbewu yabo kunye neziqhamo, ezilulutho ethile.

Kwabez-: uluhlu lwezityalo

Ukutyala zisetyenziswa yokudla, kusebenza njengomnye izinto eziphambili ekrwada kwemveliso yezolimo. Eyona eqhelekileyo Shrovetide Russian inkcubeko - ukudlwengula, lwemostade, iimbotyi zesoya, uCastor, nojongilanga. Uluhlu kwakhona iqulethe perilla, lallemantia, zesesame, safflower, peanut kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukunenzela izityalo ioli yenye imiyalelo eziphambili Industries Primary.

jongilanga

Yena nohola uluhlu, nto leyo ebonisa Pancake izityalo zasendle. ISunflower kwi intsimi kazwelonke baqalisa ukuhlakulela kwinkulungwane yama-18. Nalo eli xesha ezicacisiweyo oli ukusasaza iindawo Kuban, Saratov kunye Voronezh. Ngu ekuqaleni zikajongilanga Second World ahlala malunga nezigidi ezi-3. Ha. Uphuhliso ebalulekileyo yale isityalo kuqatshelwe eBulgaria, Hungary kunye Romania.

kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani kwi Russian Federation

Isivuno ezinokwenzeka zikajongilanga imalunga 4-5 iitoni ngehektare nganye. Ngo-2011, kule indices kummandla Southern 14.5 c / ha, kwaye iVolga - 10.7 c / ngehektare nganye. Iifama eziveliswe malunga-27% lwenkcubeko. Izizathu eziphambili zezi isivuno ephantsi ukuphazamiseka agronomic ujikelezo iindlela zokulima. Kunye nale ayikho impembelelo ukubaluleka lokugqibela lweentshulube, izifo nezinambuzane. Noko ke, kajongilanga - i ingabizi kakhulu, izityalo eliphezulu-oyile. Ngowe-2006-2010 isabelo lwesityalo yakhe malunga ne-12%. Phakathi izalathi eziqhelekileyo izityalo oyile imveliso kajongilanga wathabatha 80%. Kweli xesha yiSoviet kwakukholelwa ukuba kunabo ngehektare uvuvuzelo kwafezwa 0.5-1 usapho bee. Ngu 70 okuqala ubusi kwemveliso elinganisela 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Ukususela ngelo xesha linyuke kakhulu uluhlu ibhastile nto leyo ntlobo zikajongilanga akhule eRashiya.

ixabiso lesondlo zikajongilanga

I-oyile lisebenza inkcubeko processing imveliso yokuqala. Ngaphezu kokuba lufumaneka jongilanga iintlobo feed icala. Umzekelo, ixabiso single kukusetyenziswa lwesityalo iziqu kwishishini ido- le. Bethule umyalelo 40-48% of kwincindi. Ngaphezu koko, iziqu kajongilanga esetyenziswa ekuveliseni iibhodi ifayibha. isityalo ngokubanzi kwezolimo - isetyenziswa njenge isityalo wefula. Ekugqibeleni owomileyo kwehlobo ngexesha lokutyala izityalo ngoko mass eluhlaza ifunyenwe. Yena, ke, isetyenziswa ukwenza silage.

libiza neflakisi

It lenzelwa becala kwimimandla ezomileyo kwaye kufudumele. Ngokukodwa, i-culture elinywa Western, uMbindi noMzantsi Asia, South, North kunye Central America. Kutsha nje kubanjwa ezininzi experimenti ukuchonga nokwenzeka kulinywe yayo kuMbindi Yurophu. Pancake iflakisi sisityalo branched eliphantsi. Lukhule ku 50-80 cm., Kuxhomekeka inani amasebe benza izithuba aguquguquka ukusuka-2 ukuya kwi-10 nangaphezulu. ioli neflakisi isetyenziswa kushishino ukutya. Ukongeza, ukuba isebenza njenge ekrwada ukuba ipeyinti isikhumba kunye nezihlangu eziphathekayo. ikeyiki yeflakisi has ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo kwaye lisetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni i-feed mxube iinkomo zobisi. Kuyinto langoku protein, ifayibha kunye namafutha. Ilinen ikeyiki kakhulu lula kugaywe iinkomo. components ngenxa zokondla kuyo langoku, ukwandisa izivuno, ukwandisa ipesenti elityetyisiweyo ubisi. Iflakisi iindiza ingasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iphepha lokubhalela. Kwakhona, oku izityalo ioli esetyenziswa kwishishini loxubo le.

Ingakumbi kulinywa yeflakisi

Phambi kokuba revolution eRashiya nkqubo yalo babengene isintu impela. Kuphela kwixesha yiSoviet kwi karhulumente kunye nemibutho iifama bakwazi ukwandisa izityalo. Oku kuye kwafezwa ngokusebenzisa oomatshini. izityalo ezilinyiweyo ikakhulu eliphakathi ngaphandle eyayizalwa esisekweni, kodwa ukuba isebe esuka embindini esiqwini. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imicu iflakisi kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa iphepha okanye cottonization. Le imveliso ixhaphake kakhulu eMelika. Isiqu Shrovetide iflakisi kudla enamandla ngaphezu kukujikeleza, kanti lishiya ityhefu apho imicu ezincinane.

nohla- emhlophe

Le izityalo oyile kwiMeditera, Eastern India kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, lwemostade elisetyenziswa njengomfuno amayeza wome. Njengoko kwabez- ukuba kuzisebenzisa. Nangona yokuba fanele ukuya emasimini Yarov, ukuba sele zisasazwe kangako. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, lwemostade lisebenza njenge isityalo wefula eliphakathi.

zesoya

Lo imifuno yonyaka ka legumes entsapho. Xa yeembotyi zesoya root iintsholongwane ezithile langoku, ngenxa apho uguqulo yenziwa nitrogen eziqulathwe kule bume. Soy osisityebi (40-45%), amafutha (20%), iikhabhohayidrethi (30%). Kwakhona oqulethe izinto kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo (malunga 5-6%). Xa protein kunye acid acid nokwakhiwa iseti zesoya ithathwa le analogu esikufutshane ukutya kwesilwanyana. izityalo lemveliso ezikhulayo rhoqo. Ngoko ke, kwaba kwinqanaba 156,5 mln. Iitoni. Eli nani likhulu kune amanani 1991-1995 nge-30% ukusuka kunyaka ka-1998.

indawo ekhula zesoya

In Russia namhlanje malunga 280 iitoni iimbotyi ngonyaka ngamnye. Inkoliso yabo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ukutya. I zesoya olukhulayo iindawo eziphambili:

1. North Caucasus, ummandla Rostov., Ummandla Krasnodar Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Kukho isendaweni 9.6% kunye nokulima yenziwa ngaphezu kwe-13% kwisivuno gross.
2. Far East (Amur kwiNgingqi., Iyavuma kunye Primorsky Krai). Kule ndawo, kukho ngaphezu kwe-88% yezilimo. Ratio isivuno esibi ET yi-86% ye-lizwe.
3. imimandla eMpuma Koloni eSiberia, phambene ne iVolga. iqhele khona malunga ne-1.5% yezilimo isebenza kwaye umyalelo we-1% isivuno esibi.

amantongomane

Oku izityalo oyile wayewathenga eTurkey ngo-1792. Ngowe-1825 iinzame kuqala ukuba acclimate e Odessa peanuts zathathwa. Namhlanje, kwiindawo ezincinane isityalo lutyalwa republic eCaucasus kunye Central Asia. Peanuts kulinywa ukuvelisa ioli ezityiwayo ezivela imbewu yayo. Isabelo imveliso accounted for malunga-53% amanqaku ewonke. Ke inqanaba iiprothini yamandongomane, oko elingezantsi soy omnye. Enye kwitoni iimbewu hulled kwi-avareji, ukususela kg 226 ukuya 317 zeoli. Ngokuyintloko, le mveliso lisetyenziswa mveliso confectionery kunye lokunkonkxa. Imbewu peanut ukusilwa zisetyenziswa njengoko ongeziweyo ngexesha ukwenziwa tshokoleti. Kwamagumbi kunye bagasse zisetyenziswa ukudla ngenxa izilwanyana. Umkhombe langoku ukuya kwi-11% protein. Ngu umsoco wayo ayikho kunguhata phambili clover kunye ilusini. Kuba yokudla iintlobo ezikhethekileyo bazibonise. Baye bean incasa. Imbewu egcadiweyo kwiintlobo zokutya ezityiwa, nakhandiweyo asetyenziswa ongeziweyo iimveliso confectionery.