Kushishino lwee-plastiki: ubuchwepheshe, izixhobo

izinto zeplastiki kule minyaka 10-15 edlulileyo, uluhlu olubanzi iindawo, apho enokusetyenziswa iimveliso zabo. Ngokwawo, izinto eyenziweyo Kukho into ixesha utshintsho zeteknoloji ezinkulu, okubangela emarikeni izinto zokwakha izele iziphakamiso ezintsha. Kwanele zisasilela imizalwane bathabath kunye zesinyithi, kunye neenkuni.

Ngenxa yoko, i-processing of iiplastiki njengendlela yokufumana elitsha kraca yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, indoda egqibeleleyo ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenzo into ayikho umdla kangaka. Ubuninzi usebenzisa olu hlobo iteknoloji ukuvelisa isakhiwo zokwenziwa wangaphambili. Kodwa lo msebenzi bugwetyelwe izityalo processing yezinye izizathu ezininzi, kuquka okusingqongileyo kunye nemali.

Iintlobo zenkunkuma zeplastiki

Technology ukubonelela isigaba 4 zenkunkuma zeplastiki, nto leyo ke phantsi bokulungelelanisa. Oku ngokuyintloko odnosortovye iiplastiki ngokohlobo ezilahliweyo kunye nenkunkuma ngqo, leyo yenziwe ngendlela efanayo mass kumafa imichiza. Udidi lwesibini - ezingcolisekileyo odnosortovye iiplastiki yosetyenziso ekufuneka ibe imisebenzi ezihlambulukileyo-technology zaseprayimari. Iqela lesithathu ibandakanya inkunkuma yeplastiki axutywe ezinomthamo lomba amazwe.

Enyanisweni, amasuntswana zomntu wesithathu zimele kwebandla, yesinyithi okanye isamente iziqalelo efanayo efuna pre-unyango. Kwakhona, iziseko theoretical component zeplastiki processing, nokubonelela ngezixhobo raznosortnyh iplastiki iqela ulwabiwo. Kulo mzekelo, hayi kuphela amasuntswana elingumxube zeplastiki kunye nezinye izinto iimveliso okanye zokwakha yomntu wesithathu, kodwa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo iiplastiki ngokwabo.

iindlela Classification processing

Ithekhnoloji ephambili Ukuhlelwa uya kunika imveliso sukube ngqo kunye udini iimveliso eziphantse-ogqityiweyo. Kuba processing phambili, iindlela polymerization ngoko eli qela na ekunokuthiwa, qhagamshelana ukubumba, ukuthetha ngesondo kunye ezimanzi jiko, kunye meko. iindlela Popular indlela yokubumba kunye zeplastiki nokuveliswa kwemveliso eziphantse-ogqityiweyo. Ngolwalathiso uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe ngeendlela zokwenza ziquka isitofu ambumbe, extrusion, udini prepregs kunye premixes. Kwakhona, ukujikelezisa iiplastiki yi physico-imichiza nobomatshini.

Phantse zonke iindlela mechanical processing swi besila inkunkuma nyulu kwalandelwa ngokufumana enobunzima eyohlobo olulodwa. An umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweli qela iindlela yinto yokuba imveliso leyo ayahlukanga ngeempawu zazo physico-chemical izinto ekrwada. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindlela physico-yamachiza kusekelwe kwiteknoloji ukuthotywa isakhiwo ephambili eziphathekayo, ngexesha ukutshintsha kunye nokusebenza wafumana kweziyobisi.

Ukutshabalalisa zeplastiki njenge uqeqesho lobugcisa

Lo ngumsebenzi eqhelekileyo ishishini elihambisayo, leyo isebenza kuphela ukuba asebenze iiplastiki. Kuxhomekeka iimfuno iqhezu okugqibela iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo uxhulumeneyo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba jikelele amatywina umshini wokugaya ngemizimba Screw inyathelo ngoomatshini.

Ukusebenza, itywina oza zilayishwe ubunzima zeplastiki ngokusebenzisa amacwecwe idiski pellet kunye neendlela kunobunye. Njengomgaqo, sebenzisa iipleyiti ezimbini, enye yazo ligcina imeko ezinzileyo. Makasilele inkunkuma processing iiplastiki ixhomeke iimpawu nonina.

ngemathiriyeli erhabaxa kusetyenziswa oomatshini isityumzi, baxhotyiswa kunye ngabathezi iimilo ezahlukeneyo. Sebenza inkunkuma yeplastiki ngohlobo ifilim lwenziwa iindlela sensitive ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ngendlela ehlanganisiweyo line, apho kubonelelwa kwiindibano itywina, ityumza yaye granulation. ingxaki uncipha ngoko nangoko lomatshini kulo mzekelo asebenza izinto zokutya.

ngokwahlukana inkunkuma Technology

Inxalenye yale nqanaba linxulunyaniswa amanyathelo lokucoca up yamalungiselelo, leyo sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ukwahlukana ngolo hlobo ngaphezulu kwaye kuphela ukucocwa yokungcola. Inqununu nayo oqhuba ukwahlukana emva besila granules njengokuba entle lula efanele yokwahlukana amasuntswana amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, ukungcola ephambili kusekho ukwahlula amaqhekeza lweplastiki ukusuka intsimbi. Ukulungiselela le njongo, coil Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye umoya ngaphakathi ejikelezayo yoyilo igubu apho izinto ekujoliswe lilayishiwe.

Ngexesha ujikelezo, izinto ezincinane umbala kunye nentsimbi emnyama emva zeplastiki kunye neziphumo ngemigudu ezizodwa. Kubonakala kwenkqubo yokuqala zeplastiki, nto leyo eyandisa ukufana zesakhiwo yabo. Noko ke, xa inxalenye ukwahlukana enjalo ngokwayo ilahlekile iiplastiki. Ngokubanzi, umyinge yelahleko akuthethi ngaphezu-1%. Kuba yokubulala kwamatanki babesebenzisa mveliso sokuhlambela. Bokuhlamba iimpahla bamoya amasuntswana ezigcinwe phantsi impompo, apho sidla phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo emanzini wongezelela izinyibilikisi.

processing ngabanye

Sobuntu processing ngenxa yokuba yeplastiki kuphela ezibekwe engena kwindawo yokusebenza, ukulungele kuquka ukuxubana isakhiwo esifanelekileyo kwiinginginya. Processing efanayo kakhulu wenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa extruder eziphambili ingqalelo. Ukufakelwa ezizodwa ngezikhonkwane kunye hopper iyalayisha kuthatha zeplastiki elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo, linyibilike kwaye ngokusebenzisa izinto extruder ukuya kumgca yemveliso. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela woyekelelo, ngokuxhomekeke kumatshini, umqhubi uyakwazi ukutshintsha parameters lo uyazikhupha zeplastiki. izinto zokwenza imveliso ilawulwa kwaye iqondo ucinezelo, nayo leyo ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ubude ngokupheleleyo ntshulube ukuze kuqinisekiswe iqhagamshela ngokwaneleyo.

ri ezifana zeplastiki kucingwa ukuba ungayekwa, ngokwemiqathango yokugcina iimpawu ukusebenza eziphathekayo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kungaba waphinda ngokungenammiselo. Isibakala sokuba enye into efanayo zeplastiki yale lweThekhinoloji zingenziwa akukho izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-3-4, ngokuxhomekeke isicelo kunye nemiqathango. Emva koko ubunzima kuthunyelwa kumgca lokurisayikilisha processing yemichiza enzulu.

iiplastiki yokwenza ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle yokuzahlula

Isigaba Ngaphandle ngokwahlukana ucoco iiplastiki zenkunkuma yabangela kunye nkcukacha nangakumbi kwezobugcisa processing. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo abasetyenziswa oomatshini okunyibilika kunye nezincedisi ukuba izinto calendering. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso anikwa ukulungele ukusebenzisa panel, amacwecwe kunye neemakhishithi ngeplastiki. Le izinto ontlakantlaka isakhiwo engqongqo, apho ekwakhiweni iqulethe inani elikhulu ukungcola. Ngenxa umxholo womntu wesithathu unciphisa umgangatho kwamasuntswana zeplastiki, kunye nococeko lokusingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, inkqubo iiplastiki ngaphandle ukwahlulwa iindleko ezahlukeneyo ephantsi kwaye kwezinye iindawo inika iimpawu eliphezulu lobugcisa bala izinto.

Processing ngenaliti

Ukuze nokwandisa inkqubo ri sele siphuhlisiwe kwaye sele enye indlela yokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. technology eyahlulayo multicomponent luguqulelo yokuvelisa imveliso edityanisiweyo. umongo wayo kukuba, ngokwenza kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo kudala-component ezintathu imveliso. Isisekelo sayo zeplastiki cheap isekelwe phezu izinto ezifanayo ekrwada, yaye kulandelwe ubunzima ngokungqinelana nenqanaba esemgangathweni. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zoleko zangaphandle atyabukile ngokupheleleyo kuqamba imvelo, eyasetyenziswa nokuhlawulwa iiplastiki Extruder.

Ukuveliswa izinto zeplastiki esekelwe multicomponent udini yokuzoba ikhutshwa phandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwenkunkuma ngokusebenzisa iindlela eziliqela. Ngendlela, ukuba maleko elingaphakathi azisoloko zisetyenziswa yi zeplastiki. Yokuba izinto endaweni badla atshiphu, ezibandakanya barium sulfate, talc, iiseramikhi, njalo-njalo. D.

Ukulungisa umphutha zeplastiki

Asinto ukuba kuyimfuneko recycling sinikele ingqalelo ekufumaneni indlela yokusebenza efanayo kunye neempawu beemeko luphawulwa kakhulu kwimveliso. Eli nyathelo kuvula amathuba ngokubanzi zokuwaguqula ngesakhiwo ngokwazisa kudla ezizodwa. Umzekelo, okutsha iiplastiki kongezwe ethylene copolymer kuphucula ukuxhathisa noxinzelelo koomatshini kunye luthambe. Ukuba uneswitshi eso wangena kule isakhiwo PVC, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala nokwandisa ukuxhathisa impembelelo.

Izixhobo ukugaywa

oomatshini ezizodwa eyenzelwe ukwenza inkqubo kwimowudi umjikelo opheleleyo, hayi kangako. ERashiya, umzekelo, yaziwa ngokuba ehleli Reverzer evela kwinkampani Japanese Mitsubishi. Lo ngumzekelo we kumatshini extrusion kanye banikwe ngezikhonkwane kunye isixhobo degassing. Aziwayo amashishini zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo British ukuba iiplastiki processing, apho ufakelo umboniso iingenelo EPG. It is a yinkampani inikeza iindlela ezintsha okanye siyirisayikilishe inkunkuma ngu extrusion igalelo sukube.

Indlela ukukhetha indlela ngokupheleleyo unyango?

Kufuneka kuqala zivavanywe imisebenzi uya kuma phambi imveliso esele bakhululwa. Oku kuya kuvumela ekuqaleni ecacisiweyo kunye nemfuneko osithelisayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa modifiers kunokwenzeka. Le ndlela ilula kwaye ibiza yindlela enye-processing of iimveliso zeplastiki, oveza ukubiya umgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo ukutyibilika, iiphaneli yokugquma, njalo njalo. D. Technology for processing of iiplastiki baphathwa zidla kukhokelwa ukukhululwa koko elincanyathiselwe iplastiki.

isiphelo

Synthetic yinkangala ishishini elihambisayo namhlanje ingakumbi ezifanelekileyo ezifunwayo mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Ukufumana i okubonakalayo engaxabisi kakhulu kwaye aluncedo ngexabiso eliphantsi - inkuthazo iphambili nxaxheba kule emarikeni. Kwicandelo Russian oshishino ayikho kodwa njengoko ziqulunqwa eYurophu. Of kakhulu kuphuhliswa bungabonakala ngaphandle kwisityalo processing "Plarus" iiplastiki, esiqala 2009 ukuya iimpawu uzobe olwenziwe kule nkampani ziquka ukusetyenziswa indlela lanamhlanje zokurisayikilishwa iibhotile PET. Ngelo xesha ikhula, kunye namanye amashishini, nyaka ngamnye kwandisa imveliso yayo zeplastiki zisebenziseke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.