Kushishino Food of Russia: Uphuhliso kunye nemingeni

Umntu imfuneko, nto leyo usoloko kwaye phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko kufuneka anelise. Nabani na, nokuba yintoni imeko yentlalo musa ukuthatha ngaphandle elungileyo, ukutya okulungileyo unako ukuzenza. Akumangalisi ukuba ixesha elide yokudla ngeendlela okanye omnye ibe ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi.

Ilizwe lethu kungekho ngaphandle. Ndimele nditsho ukuthi yokudla eRashiya bekusoloko-ephuhliswe kakuhle, njengoko imeko yethu phantse usoloko i ngamandla kwezolimo. Le nkcazelo ekrwada ngenxa kwafuneka ukwenzela ukugcinwa okanye ukuhanjiswa, ukuze icandelo ahambelana kuqoqosho iye yasungula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, iRashiya akukhange kube ngenkulungwane enye zoxolo, ukuba ukunika umkhosi ngokutya esemgangathweni kufuneka uthathe unonophelo rhoqo.

Imbali emfutshane

Okokuqala hit yokudla eRashiya ifumene ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kwaye nexesha ongemhle kweMfazwe Civil ekugqibeleni kutyumka. Xa kuthelekiswa 1900 imveliso iimveliso lancipha kanye izihlandlo ezihlanu. Noko ke, kakade ngo-1927, ishishini usiba phantse ngokupheleleyo kumgangatho zangaphambili, ngoko kufuneka nje ukuba banelise lowo lizwe, yena akazange akwazi.

Mayikhule kwezoshishino amandla, esibukhali ukwanda kulwakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso kuzo zonke iindawo eSoviet Union kukhokelele imfuneko ngokutsha olukhulu yokudla, owayekho unangoku. Ukubaluleka kwale yaba ephakamileyo, izinto ezininzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ekrwada ziqalisa ukubonisa collectivized entsebenziswano zezolimo kunye neefama ehlangeneyo. Phantse kwiminyaka efanayo, amasebe amanani Amanani bazisa iimfuno avareji abantu imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo izondlo kunye neendidi ezithile kweemveliso.

Ngexesha Patriotic War of 1941-45 phantse kulo lonke ushishino ukutya eRashiya, ibekwe iindawo esembindini karhulumente, kwakhona, oko satshatyalaliswa. Kuphela igcina ukufudusa kwangethuba inkoliso kwamashishini eMpuma. Hi ndlela leyi, sibulela kule imeko e Kazakhstan namhlanje iye phambili kwishishini yegrosari ndawo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imini yokudla eRashiya, nto leyo ibhiyozelwa-19 Oktobha, njengoko ixesha kakhulu wadala kwinkumbulo le yabasebenzi yobuqhawe kubasebenzi kwishishini olunika unikezelo ngokuqhubekayo ukutya ngasemva kunye ngaphambili.

iingxaki kwempi

Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, amacandelo eninzi yoqoqosho, kuquka yokudla, ziye ibuyiselwe, inqanaba yayo yoqobo pre-imfazwe. Loo nto nje siye wathi ngaphambi kokuba ishishini nako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eyandileyo emazweni likhula ngokukhawuleza nokuphuhlisa. Enyanisweni imeko kwakukubi kakhulu. Into yokuba abantu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ondle phantse kuphela ezo iimveliso bazibonise egadini. iimveliso Industrial abantu phantse abazange ukuzithenga.

Ngelo xesha, ilizwe ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo abasebenzi abaninzi. "Candidates" yezeNdalo kwindima yabo nje abalimi efanayo. Loo nto ukuthutha nje ukuba isixeko na, njengokuba kulo mzekelo, inani labantu ukudla ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza. Kakade ke, le meko kunokukhokelela yindlala. Ngokukhawuleza ukuze nokulungiswa shishino imigangatho ezintsha. uncedo olukhulu kanje amaziko ezisisiseko ukutya eRashiya (Moscow, Kuban), apho iingcali baye iintlobo iinkqubo retrofit shishino.

Ngelishwa, indlela yendawo ukusombulula le ngxaki lwakhethwa engalunganga ngokupheleleyo. Kolkhoz ezinamaphepha vala iinkomo lemizi yasefama zobuqu, okanye imiqathango inombolo yakhe. Bekucingelwa ukuba kulo mzekelo kwandisa kakhulu imveliso. Kakade ke, ukuphumeza le njongo rhoqo izinga yemveliso mveliso liyenyuka. Ngokuphathelele kwimveliso yezityalo kukwandisa isivuno abasemagunyeni okuziinkozo wagqiba ukuqala lokulima nezichumisi Kazakhstan.

Kwaba lelo xesha ke, yaye kwenzeka ukuba ukusebenza eqhelekileyo zomhlaba olinywayo onesifo elifutshane ziingcali. Enyanisweni, yajika ukuba ngama-40% kuphela yendawo ewonke ezilinyiweyo enokusetyenziswa ngokungqinelana nemimiselo yezolimo. Ngenxa yale nto ke ukuchuma imihlaba ngokukhawuleza lehla, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelele imfuneko kuthenga ingqolowa aphesheya.

ngokutsha

Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 koshishino yokutya eRashiya kuyo wayengekho kwimeko engcono. Ngenxa kakubi ngoku, cishe uqoqosho baphulukene 40% imveliso igqityiwe yaye izinto zexabiso ekrwada. Kweli thuba ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya 1986 lwahla unikezelo zonyango kunye nokomzimba ukuzibonakalisa ezininzi. Enyanisweni, iqhelekile kulo mba abondliwayo kuphela abameli ubunkokheli beqela, emkhosini, Noomateloshe, abaqhubi kunye oosomajukujuku.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1991 iimfuno zoluntu xa imifuno, isonka kunye pasta ogqunywe malunga 80-90%. Ke ukuba iswekile, amafutha, inyama, ubisi kunye neenkukhu, babengama-kwayona 55-60% kakhulu. Ngubani engazazi ukuba abe ngomnye edume USSR emgceni emva kwexesha iimveliso 'awukho "? Onke amaziko ukutya eRashiya ngaloo minyaka abanamava ukunqongophala bafa kwabasebenzi, inqanaba eziwa ngokukhawuleza yoqeqesho wezazi zaveliswa.

Emva 1991 waqala ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso iyonke. Abanye yokudla kunciphisa umthamo we-60%. iimeko Market ngokukhawuleza zimbi ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ngabathengi nje akazange abe indlela ukuthenga iimveliso labavelisi zasekhaya. Konke oku kwenzeka ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ngomkhukula enamandla yempahla cheap amazwe, apho umlambo kugqitha nje emdeni wavula. yemveliso nganye yokudla eRashiya kuloo minyaka yanyanzeleka nje ukubhenela engxakini ngokwabo kwalahlwa kuyo eyenzelwe ukugcina ukuthenga umdla ubuncinane abanye iimveliso zabo.

State imboni ingxenye technical

Ngu 90 kusasa kule ndawo kwaba buhlungu gqitha. Ngokomzimba, a lot kwezixhobo iphelelwe lixesha sele ezinesiqingatha, ngenxa yokuziphatha 'kukuwohloka komzimba' ukuba wenza ngendlela emangalisayo. Le backwardness kwezobuchwepheshe likhula yaye ukungazinzi mali kuqoqosho nangakumbi kubaxa sele hayi sikhundla okhanyayo kushishino ukutya yasekhaya.

Ngenxa yoko, imveliso Russian ayibanga nakho ukubonelela abantu yayo kunye nokutya. Le meko yayinkulu ngaphezu imizimba ezininzi iinkonzo zococeko-epidemiological wabonisa ukungafani epheleleyo impahla ezininzi elizweni, nkqu imigangatho ezininzi ezingundoqo. Drumsticks iSalmonella - hayi abanobubi oko ke wafunyanwa. Ngokwendalo, umgangatho izinto ezifana yena wavuka yokudla eRashiya. 2014 ngokumalunga lo kungcono kakhulu, imizimba yethu umsebenzi wolawulo lococeko-epidemiological nzima kakhulu.

Amacandelo oshishino yokutya eRashiya

Enye yeentsika ephambili kolu shishino kweli lizwe lethu (kunye nehlabathi) imfuyo. into Its Ngoku siza kuxubusha. Eli candelo loqoqosho inika ubuncinane 60% of izinto ezixabisekileyo ekrwada ukusuka apho iimveliso zokutya lwasekhaya ziye zaveliswa. Awu, kukho zimbalwa eRashiya, apho uhlobo ivumela ukuzalela iinkomo zenyama. Enye yazo zaseCaucasus. imeko Social kukho lokuba kwakhona ushishino (isihlobo) kuphela kwenzeka kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ngako oko, bonke kutshanje kwi-60% ye-neemfuno zabemi kwi yenkomo enye azale ngokupheleleyo phesheya, ngenxa leyo unesifo kushishino ukutya Russia. 2014 yabalasela ukuqaliswa kwezohlwayo Koloni. Isimanga, kodwa imeko yokugqibela kusivumela ukuba nethemba ubulumko ye abasemagunyeni, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, kodwa ukunikela ingqalelo kubavelisi zabo.

ukufuya iinkomo

, Kwilizwe lethu kuphuhliswa ngeendlela ezimbini: zobisi kunye nenyama kunye zobisi iinkomo zizalele nakuzo. Developed kuphela kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, apho imozulu kunye nonikezelo ukutya kwenza imveliso inzuzo ngokwaneleyo.

iimveliso zobisi Domestic kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ebonakala ngu uphawu sezingeni eliphezulu. Le ngxaki ke imali encinci mali ukuba urhulumente uthumela kwicandelo ukuboleka. Enyanisweni, oku kubangelwe ukulawula ilizwe lethu esiya WTO, kodwa Germany kunye neFransi, le nto akuthinteli ukuxhasa amafama zabo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho imeko ngamazwi: nangona isibakala sokuba eli lizwe linako ukubonelela hayi ngaphantsi kwe-89% kwemfuneko iimveliso zobisi ngokwabo, siza kuqhubeka ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe.

Ngenxa yale bachaphazeleka kakhulu kwimveliso yokutya eRashiya. Ingxelo ngu noochwephesha kwezoshishino kunyaka ophelileyo ubonisa ukuba ubisi ngokupheleleyo self-sokulondoloza lizwe uyakwazi ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya esixhenxe. Endaweni yoko, kwakhona abenzi zasekhaya eshiywe ngaphandle odolo karhulumente kunye nezezimali.

Ke ngenxa yenkomo, le meko nokuba nakakhulu. Inyaniso kukuba kwilizwe lethu akukho neze zokulima yobisi hlobo. Yonke inyama lemvelaphi yasekhaya, ebonakala ezishelfini engoovimba zethu - evela iinkomo zobisi. It uneempawu zesondlo ephantsi kangangokuba yokudla na umbandela ekrwada isetyenziswa kuphela xa besitya ukuya yehagu. Hlela ayikwazi ukuba ukuveliswa steaks eliphezulu-grade okanye ayi kulo, yaye emva koko, ezi mveliso bakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ingeniso abavelisi Russian.

pig-yokuza-

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ubuncinane 2/3 we neemfuno ezipheleleyo inyama ekrwada kugubungela kanye ihagu. imveliso yasekhaya lwalo esemagqabini kwaye kusoloko kukho imfuneko yayo eninzi phakathi kwabathengi. Ingxaki kukuba yehagu - imveliso luyabiza, ngenxa yokuba imveliso yayo kufuna inkxaso-mali enkulu ukwakhiwa iifama zehagu ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ezi zinto ke yokuba urhulumente lityale akukho ngokukhawuleza kubo, wakhetha ukuba ngezimali abenzi amazwe. ukutya kunye ishishini elihambisayo eRashiya ezinengxaki ukusweleka kwemali.

kushishino Food eRussia

Kwaye ngoku khangela kwisebe engundoqo yokudla eRashiya. Isiseko umgaqo bakhawuleze amashishini imveliso kweli lizwe zibekwa kwaoko ezimbini zinto: impahla ekrwada kunye nomthengi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukwakhiwa kwamashishini amatsha ibonakaliswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwi ukufumaneka kweencwadi nezinto ezilungiselelwe ekrwada, ukususela kunikezelo ukutya kwayo edingeka kakhulu kunene. Xa traffic kwi imigama ngaphezulu okanye elide kangako kufuna iindleko ezinkulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko yayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imveliso kwiimeko ezinjalo kuba nje ukuziqhuba.

Kuxhomekeka indibanisela zonke ezi zinto, iingcali amasebe amathathu oshishino yokutya, leyo eziqhelekileyo eRashiya:

• Emithonjeni izinto ekrwada kusa imveliso yobisi, starch kunye nembeleko, iswekile kunye namafutha yemifuno, kulondoloza yemifuno. Umzekelo, imveliso iswekile siye kuphela eCaucasus and Central Black Earth imimandla, ngenxa yokuba indawo ukuthwala amakhulu amawaka iitoni zempahla ekrwada, ukusuka apho embalwa iitoni kweshumi kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, nje azincedi lutho, asinto yobudenge. Kukho amashishini likhulu icandelo lokutya Russian (Aston, "Yug Rusi") avelisa oli yemifuno.
• Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuveliswa kushishino yokubhaka zifumaneka kulo lonke elo lizwe. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uthathe kuyo kushishino ukutya umthengi. Grain Kulula kakhulu ukuba ukuthutha, imveliso yemveliso wawugqiba izinto ekrwada mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.
• amashishini elinezakhiwo: umgubo kunye nenyama. processing Primary zempahla ekrwada ekuveliseni kufutshane nesizukulwana sakhe, waza emva koko iimveliso semi-ogqityiweyo zithunyelwa processing lokugqibela. A umzekelo ogqibeleleyo - intlanzi. Efrijini lwenziwa ngomnye trawler. Ityuwa njenge herring, umzekelo, ukuvelisa, nkqu Udmurtia ukusuka apho ukuya elwandle elikufutshane engaphezu kwewaka kweekhilomitha.

Ezinye iimpawu shishino

Ngokubanzi, ishishini ukutya yasekhaya kuquka amakhulu imijikelo zemveliso, inzima kakhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu iintlobo ezisisiseko. iimveliso zabo izinto ekrwada kushishino ngaphezulu phambili. Xa ifilim leyo iquka: kushishino yokugaya, imveliso iswekile ekrwada, ukulungiswa kunye nobisi yayo lungapholi elandelayo.

Bona kunokwenzeka lihlele zonke iinkampani iimveliso zokutya eRashiya, begxininisa ekuphuhliseni intlanzi okanye ukuxhela. Kodwa apha sele kufuneka ukuba wenze umahluko phakathi kwamacandelo: komo inye nangoko ukuya ezivenkileni, kwaye zingasetyenziswa kwimveliso ayi, ilofu inyama, njl Ezi nkqubo zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe ingqalelo ebalulekileyo, njengoko okubangelwa iimveliso womsebenzi wabo wenza .. isabelo ingonyama ngayo le ngeniso kumenzi.

iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zemveliso

kushishino Ukutya zombini kwilizwe lethu ayisazanelisi iimfuno izigidi zabasebenzisi. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwiinkampani, ezinye zazo esele kwimarike ngaphezu kweminyaka elikhulu (Nestle, umzekelo). Le peculiarity lolu shishino kukuba kufuneka ukuba ufumane rhoqo ezinye bathanda ezintsha, ndimkhulule ifomu, njengoko izilangazelelo abathengi kufuneka kugcinwe. Kungenxa isizathu yokugqibela, ishishini zokutya mihla unomdla wayila zizinto ebekupakishwe entsha neendlela ukubulawa kwayo.

Ngamafutshane, yokudla, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe lethu kodwa phesheya, ithuba lomsebenzi amawaka abantu ababandakanyekayo ekuveliseni iglasi, iphepha, iplastiki kunye nokupakishwa metal. Ngeendlela ezininzi ibangela kunye nohlobo ekrwada izinto kubekwe shishino: umqombothi efanayo kubhetele ukuba ugalele kufutshane kwizityalo, apho iibhotile ezikhoyo, iplastiki neeglasi. Thatha ngokusebenzisa isiqingatha lizwe - kuyabiza.

Eyona engundoqo Iindleko ushishino ukutya

Ukuba sithethe malunga inzuzo olu hlobo zemveliso, ixabiso elikhulu zoshishino yokutya eRussia ngenxa ukuthenga yemigca zokubopha mihla oomatshini, amaxabiso ezo yentando yesininzi. iindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kwi kupakisho zobungcali kuyilo yoshicilelo. Yongeza ukuba iintlawulo abayili, lezentengiso, iindleko ukuqiniszekiswa kunye nokukhuthazwa iimveliso zayo. Ngenxa yoko, ushishino ukutya mihla - le industry kakhulu, exabiso likhulu kakhulu.

Eyona engundoqo iingxaki zoshishino yokutya kwilizwe lethu

Ngokubanzi, sibe sathetha ngayo abaninzi kubo. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso loshishino yokutya eRashiya inzima kakhulu ngenxa yokungabikho phantse epheleleyo yenkxaso karhulumente kushishino. Iindleko zokumisa iqashiso yemveliso (jonga ngentla), irhafu - ngakumbi, kunye nomdla wokwenene lwabantu yokuqala karhulumente ekuqinisekiseni yayo nokwanela yelizwe akunjalo.

Ungakulibali ukuba kwishishini kukho abadlali abaninzi abalawulayo imarike yokutya ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lonke. Ezi nkampani ziyaziwa wonke umntu: iNestle, Coca-Cola, Unilever nabanye. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo onke amanzi achukumisayo akhiqizwa kumafektri anesabelo seCoca-Cola. Kuyafana neemeko nge-tsholeta: nangona kuthengwa iifomese zaseRussia, uxhasa i-Swiss "Nestle".

Kakade ke, ezi nkampani zoshishino zaseRussia zithengisa inzuzo ethile, kuba zihlawula irhafu eninzi kwi-budget federal. Icala eliphambene neengqekembe kukuba kuphela ukuveliswa kwemveliso yamanzi e-carbonate kubulawa ngokupheleleyo, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba iinkampani ezincinci zikhuphisane "nemikhomo" yezoshishino zehlabathi. Nazi iingxaki eziphambili zoshishino lokutya eRussia.