Babebona Optical iliso, okanye inkohliso Optical

Konke oko sibona enyanisweni, thatha lula. Nokuba umnyama emva kwemvula, uncumo umntwana okanye ulwandle ngokuthe bamantshontsho mgama. Kodwa ukuba siqala ukuba sigcine amafu imilo-itshintsha, yaye ukusuka apho imifanekiso eziqhelekileyo, izinto ... Kulo mzekelo, kwa- ucinge ukuba iphume kanjani kunye nezenzo kwenzeka yobuchopho bethu. Zesayensi, eli ziyenzeka inkcazelo efanelekileyo - babebona optical iliso. Kulapho kwezo zihlandlo, siya abangaboniyo ndibona umfanekiso olunye, kunye uqhankqalazo zobuchopho kwaye decrypts ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Baqhelane babebona ezibonwayo ithandwa kwaye uzama ukucacisa kubo.

incazelo jikelele

Inkohliso ngokuba amehlo bezisoloko isifundo ukwazi, iisayikholojisti kunye namagcisa. Le nkcazelo yenzululwazi, yokuba ziqondeka singanelanga, umbono wazo izinto, impazamo, impazamo. Kumaxesha amandulo into yokuba unobangela wento kakuhle ngendlela amehlo abantu. Namhlanje, umntu osembonweni woqondo - ingqiqo enzulu ezinxulumene neenkqubo ubuchopho, leyo kusinceda 'ngokwezandi "kwaye ukuqonda ubunyani ezingqongileyo. Le yokusebenza Umgaqo umbono kwabantu kungenxa ngokutsha ukusekwa kwi retina iliso imifanekiso-ntathu bezinto ezibonakalayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa ubukhulu, ubunzulu, kwaye kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu kuzo imbhono mgaqo (parallel kunye imigca nkqo). Amehlo ufunda ulwazi, kwaye neenkqubo ngayo ingqondo.

Inkohliso lokukhohlisa njengoko kwamehlo kunokuhluka ezininzi iparameters (ubungakanani, umbala, umbono). Masizame ukumcacisela.

Ubunzulu nobukhulu

I elula kakhulu kwaye bayazazi ukuba neliso lomntu engekhoyo zejometri - Umbono wazo ubungakanani, ubude okanye ubunzulu leyinene into. Enyanisweni, le nto inokubonakalisa ngokujonga zikaloliwe. Kufuphi komzila nqo omnye komnye, aa Incopho naLindiili sleepers. Kuthi emva kwexesha elide mfanekiso utshintsha: kukho ukuthambeka okanye ukugoba, ezilahlekileyo imigca ngaxeshanye. I kude yendlela, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukujonga umgama ingxenye yayo.

Kule inkohliso kuba amehlo (kunye iinkcazo, bonke) kuqala waxelela ngengqondo Italian Mario Pontso ngo-1913. ukuncipha wokufika ubungakanani into kwizikolo ezikude yayo yi zithetha njani ukuba umbono yabantu. Kodwa kukho igqwethwe okanye ngabom ezi iimbono, elonakalisileyo umfanekiso opheleleyo into. Xa ileli phezu lonke ubude uhlala imigca ukufana alicacanga, umntu somthi okanye enyukela. Enyanisweni, ukwakha kwakhe umkhulu ngenjongo ulwandiso ezantsi okanye phezulu.

Ngokumalunga ubunzulu kukho ingqikelelo ukungalingani - isikhundla eyahlukileyo amanqaku kwi retina kwamehlo ekhohlo nasekunene. Ngenxa yoko Iliso lomntu ubona phakathi isifundo okanye khaxa. Inkohliso yale meko kunokubonwa 3D-imifanekiso, xa into othe tyaba (isiqwenga sephepha, asphalt, eludongeni) imifanekiso-ntathu. Ngenxa kwilungiselelo oluchanekileyo iimilo, amathunzi kunye nokukhanya, umfanekiso kugxekwa ziqondeka kobuchopho wokwenene.

Umbala nokulungisa

Enye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo iliso oluntu ubuchule bokwahlula imibala. Imbono zisenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ukhanyiso bezinto. Oku kungenxa zokukhanya woqondo - ngumkhuba "spillover" ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezimnyama umfanekiso kwi retina. Oku kucacisa ukulahleka uvakalelo ukuva bomvu-orenji, kwaye uyiphakamisayo nxamnye emsi nemfusa ngexesha ungcwalazi namhla. Kulo mba, kusenokubakho ukukhohlisa ezamehlo.

Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye ukuchasana. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu ngephutha bagwebe umbala Ukwanda into kwisiqalo buphelile. Kwelinye icala, umahluko eyomeleleyo kufihla imibala abasondelayo izinto.

Inkohliso of umbala ibonakala emthunzini, apho ukukhanya kanye saturation hayi zibonakalaliswe. na ingqikelelo "umbala emthunzini" kubugcisa emihle. Kwindalo, oko waqaphela, xa imibala kwelanga umlilo endlwini ebomvu, ulwandle kunye nombala umahluko. Le nto nayo phakathi funi emehlweni.

kucacile

Udidi elilandelayo inkohliso of entsa imisele iimilo zezinto. Kwihlabathi lwenzululwazi, yayibizwa isenzeko lokulungela labona. Ngamanye amaxesha into esikubonayo akuyona ezinjalo, okanye ukutolikwa ezimbini. Okwangoku, kwafika arts befashoni ukwenza imifanekiso kufikwa. Abantu ezahlukeneyo ujonge elifanayo "zombhalo 'umfanekiso uze ulifunde ezahlukeneyo abalinganiswa, silhouettes, ulwazi. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi oku amabala bengqondo test Rorshaha. Ngokutsho kweengcali, imbono ebonwayo kule meko efanayo, kodwa impendulo ngokohlobo unyango kuxhomekeke iimpawu lomntu. Xa kuvavanywa iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo indawo, inqanaba ifomu, umxholo kunye nentsusa / ukuthandwa zokufunda ukukhohlisa ezinjalo.

shifters

Olu hlobo illusion kuba amehlo naye ubugcisa ethandwayo. Iqhinga yeyokuba endaweni enye umfanekiso ingqondo yomntu afunde umfanekiso omnye, yaye okwahlukileyo - enye. Le turncoats idumileyo ke inkosazana ubudala umfazi kunye idada-nomvundla. Ukususela umbono kunye nombala, akukho igqwethwe, kodwa ukulungela labona ekhoyo. Kodwa umahluko umele uvule umfanekiso. Umzekelo efanayo banokuba mkhanya ngokoqobo ngamafu. Xa enye ifomu enye evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (nkqo, tye) esinxulunyaniswa izinto ezahlukeneyo.

ucimeke igumbi

Umzekelo inkohliso of 3D-Eye indawo ucimeke lasungulwa 1946. It yenzelwe ngendlela yokuba xa usibona phambili kubonakala ukuba abe kwigumbi eziqhelekileyo ngeendonga ngaxeshanye nkqo ukuya eluphahleni kunye phantsi. Enyanisweni, eli gumbi - trapezoid. Udonga distal ezihlelwe ngayo ukuze ukuba esinekona sasekunene yi obtuse (closer) novulelweyo - etsolo (ngakumbi). Bethelela umgangatho inkohliso oxube. Le ndoda kwikona sasekunene abangaboniyo ziqondeka ingxilimbela, nangasekhohlo - yingqakumbana. Of umdla na intshukumo komntu gumbi - indoda, liya lisanda ngokukhawuleza, okanye, icala, kunciphisa.

Iingcali zithi le illusion ayifuni phambi iindonga kunye nophahla. Ezaneleyo kunina, leyo ibonakala kuphela abo ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi efanelekileyo. Illusion ucimeke igumbi isoloko isetyenziswa bhanyabhanya kuba neziphumo ezizodwa, nenomlanga ingxilimbela.

ukukhohlisa ezihambayo

Olunye uhlobo illusion ukuya iliso umfanekiso inamandla okanye avtokineticheskoe intshukumo. Oku kwenzeka xa umfanekiso caba xa kuqwalaselwa amanani kuyo aqalile ngokoqobo kuza ebomini. Le nguqu ke ziyanyuswa ukuba umntu iye isondela / ukusuka umfanekiso, babukela ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo vice versa. Kulo mzekelo, ubugqwetha kwenzeka ngenxa ofanayo ethile umbala, amalungiselelo setyhula, izitenxo okanye "kumda wesangqa" iifom.

"Tracking" Imizobo

Mhlawumbi wonke umntu owakha kwafuneka ajamelane nempembelelo yembonakalo xa umfanekiso okanye umfanekiso kwi iphowusta ukubukela iintshukumo egumbini lakhe. Edume "Mona Lisa" yi uLeonardo da Vinci, "yayinguDionysus" yi Caravaggio, "Umfanekiso an Ongaziwayo" Archaeology okanye eqhelekileyo ngobude - imizekelo ecacileyo yale meko.

Nangona a lot of amabali twisisaka, nto leyo zigutyungelwe yi koku, yinto eqhelekileyo. Izazinzulu kwengqondo, bemangalisiwe ukuba ukwenza njani inkohliso of "ukulandela ngamehlo", okubangelwa indlela elula.

• ubuso Model kufuneka bajonge ngqo kwi umculi.
• Eli laphu ngaphezulu, kubonakale eyomeleleyo.
• imodeli lijongene Iimvakalelo ibalulekile. ibinzana lingenandaba obangela mkhanyo nomdla kunye nokoyika nentshutshiso.

Ilungiselelo eyiyo ukukhanya nethunzi umzobo ufumane-ntathu ezayo, umthamo, kwaye isindululo uya kubonakala ukuba amehlo umfanekiso womntu.