Yintoni kwikhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi? Inkcazelo, imbali kunye modernity

"Uya kuba eSt Petersburg, qiniseka ukuba atyelele Kunstkammer!" - igama ekwahlukaneni ufumana phantse zonke kubakhenkethi, undwendwe wezinto zakomkhulu wasentla. Yintoni kwikhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi? Abaninzi ligama ezinxulumene into engaqhelekanga, ezinqabileyo kunye ezikhwankqisayo. Lo moya ukususela kwimihla yakudala, into kude ...

Eli nqaku wachaza ngokweenkcukacha oko yokufuna ulwazi, imbali indalo yayo kwaye imeko yangoku.

ukuba nombono

Kukho banentsomi yokuba uPetros I xa ehamba kwi Vasilyevsky siqithi wabona ezimbini nompleyini emangalisayo: isebe ngandlel ngokuyinqaba eyadubulayo ngalo buti kuthethwa sesinye. Le ndlela ingaqhelekanga wakhumbula uKhesare msinya. Wacinga lokuqhayisa kwiminyaka embalwa xa usiya emsebenzini wozakuzo 1697-1698 biennium. England neHolland. Emva koko idibene ebizwa ngokuba "kwikhabhinethi of yokufuna" kwi kubanumzana, apho baqhubeka zonke iintlobo diva: zaspirtovannye imizimba, izilwanyana wafaka, nengqokelela izinambuzane ezinqabileyo. Zizo ezo Kunstkammer kakhulu yokuqala. Igama eliguqulelwe ukusuka German lithetha "igumbi ubugcisa".

Imbali sendalo eRashiya

UPeter wayesithanda kakhulu ukuba igumbi emangalisayo kangaka, kangangokuba emva kokubuyela ekhaya, yena kuqala safunqula ilungiselelo efanayo yikhabhinethi ebhotwe. E Holland, wafunda iresiphi of isidumbu, 30 000 guilder Dutch ifumene yonke "ofisi Ruysch". Kwixesha elizayo, musa sinayo, ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe iincwadi azimeleyo ezinqabileyo, izixhobo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, nezinto ezizodwa kunye ezimangalisayo zendalo. Emva koko wakhupha umthetho ekuthi ngawo wonke ufumene into engaqhelekanga okanye ezinqabileyo, kwafuneka lugqithe ekuyilweni 'yokufuna ulwazi lwekhabhinethi ". Kuzo zonke iimbombo yoBukhosi Russian enkulu kwi-ofisi baqalisa zithontelane izinto ezimangalisayo. Kungekudala baba baninzi ukuze zibekwe kwi komkhulu. ezininzi zigcinwe zewayini ezizodwa, kakhulu nomsindo uPetros, ngubani wayekulungele ukubeka yonke yokufuna ulwazi kwisikrini.

Emva kokukhutshelwa eyinkunzi ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt Petersburg wafudukela indawo yokuhlala entsha, uPetros I safudukela kwindawo entsha kunye yokufuna ulwazi yayo. Okwethutyana, yena wazimisa Palace of the ngehlazo Boyar Kikin, lowo ababefudusiwe elikomkhulu kunye kokuthathwa mhlaba ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba iyelenqe nxamnye nomlawuli. Ukumkani wayalela, "Kikin Chambers" ukubiza kwi nesimilo amazwe "iKhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi". Oku kwenzeka ngo-1714. Kulo nyaka, yaye mna kuzelwe umntu ehlabathini yokufuna ulwazi yokuqala Russian isithombe ngoku buyifanele isikhokelo ngasinye uPetros.

ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

collection uPetros ngokukhawuleza wakhula. Ngowe-1717, kwakhona e-Holland obafunyanwa ngokupheleleyo akhawunti SEB ukuba amawaka 15. Guilder Dutch. Kungekudala wonke amaxabiso abanakwanela yaye "Kikin Chambers." Ukulungiselela yokufuna ulwazi lwabo kunye ithuba ukubonisa zonke banqwenela umlawuli wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo okhethekileyo. Ngokuba kuye bodwa kwindawo elite kwi utolo Vasilevsky Isiqithi kufuphi nendlu yokumkani kunye namaziko ebalulekileyo karhulumente.

Le projekthi yaphuhliswa ngumzobi Mattarnovi. Ilitye yokuqala ikamva yimyuziyam odumileyo yasekwa ngoJulayi 1718 Kamva kwi sakhiwo kuquka iinkosi abaziwayo ezifana Gerbel, Zemtsov kunye Kiaveri.

ukuvulwa ozukileyo Kunstkammer yabanjwa ngoNovemba 1728, ngoxa umsebenzi agqibileyo kwaphela ngo-1734

Ngokungafaniyo kunstkamery Russian kwi European

I 'nekhabhathi of yokufuna "yokuqala zavela eYurophu ngexesha Renaissance kwiinkulungwane 15-16. Yintoni kwikhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi, besekhaya yinkosana osisityebi, injongo yayo ukuze ahlabe iindwendwe? Yinto nje ingqokelela ziyimbondembonde izinto ezinqabileyo kunye engaqhelekanga, nto leyo ebonakalisa "imfundiso" umnini wabo.

Kwakhona uPetros yokufuna ulwazi kunye kuchaziwe ngentla, ekuqaleni akhawulwe kungekhona isikhungu ubuncwane, kodwa ingqokelela nezinto zakudala umdla enokunceda iinjongo zemfundo ngenzululwazi. sele Ukugcinwa kunye systematization lwamaxabiso uyiphathisiweyo abantu bakhanyiselwa. Maxa wambi, abalawuli okanye abasebenzi i "kwikhabhinethi uPetros" baba Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, nguPallas, Severgin kunye nezinye izazinzulu. Baqokelela izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo - nje kuphela ugly, okanye yokufuna ulwazi ukonwabisa, kodwa izinto zemihla ngemihla ukuba zinokubaluleka enkulu ngenkcazo nembali, ezixabisekileyo ngengqiqo lokuqokelela isinambuzane, iintaka wafaka, ezirhubuluzayo, intlanzi kunye nezilwanyana zenzululwazi, wadala amasebe yokwakheka kunye mineralogical.

Emva kokuba nokudalwa Russian Academy of Sciences ngo-1724. Eyona mithombo iphambili yikhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi kwakukho izinto savela matutu zenzululwazi Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

Yintoni kwikhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi Russian? Kuyinto imyuziyam, omnye omdala kwaye bazizinhanha emhlabeni, ekufikeni kwakhe apho Russian Academy of Sciences.

anika umdla

Ukususela ngosuku lokuqala yokufuna ulwazi, ifoto abunikiweyo ngezantsi, ukuze uPetros I yavulwa kubo bonke abantu abanomdla. Iphetshana kunye nokuhlolwa imiboniso ekhululekile.

Peter I udale isebe engaqhelekanga kakhulu museum ogama imiboniso zizilwanyana kunye nabantu abaneziphene - Cyclops, abaninzi-bexhobile, lo siren engqondweni kunye nezinye ezingaqhelekanga. Kwaye kwakukho kuphela hayi yabaqholiweyo imizimba nabantu, kodwa ukuhlala dwarves, oominenga kanye izilo eziphila myuziyam ngeendleko yobuncwane yoluntu.

I koMlawuli wayesazi yonke into lokuqokelela 'ebusweni' yaye yaba sisikhokelo elihle nalowo ngokuzithandela yokuxelela ukuba iindwendwe zakhe.

Namhlanje, le myuziyam iye 1.2 yezigidi. Imiboniso!