Kazimir Valishevsky kunye nemisebenzi yakhe best

iincwadi zakhe phezu yezinto ezahlukeneyo zembali kwimbali yelizwe zezi izazinzulu desktop abaninzi abakholelwa ukuba lo mbhali hola ilungelo lokuba abe phezu ngebande elinye kunye nabaphandi owaziwayo ezifana Vasily Tatishchev, UNikolai Karamzin kunye Vasily Klyuchevskii. Sam Lev Tolstoy eziphathekayo kanye ezixabisa kakhulu, ecacisa Pole. Kamva yena abhale: "Casimir Valishevsky bemchukumisa avulekile lisenokuthetha ngokucacileyo into ebalulekileyo."

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa kwiincwadi zakhe amaxesha slips ukujongwa, ngoko ingongoma ngembono wolunye uhlanga ezinye zeziganeko elidluleyo maxa wambi ukufumana imvisiswano impendulo kwi umphefumlo wabantu Russian. Ngoko ke ngubani na yena, Casimir Valishevsky? Yaye kutheni incwadi lwakhe riveted ngamandla umdla abafundi ukuba bazibandakanye kwimbali yesizwe? Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Iminyaka esakhula

Kazimir Feliksovich Valishevsky i Pole ngokokuzalwa. Wazalwa Novemba 19, 1849 kwidolophana Gole (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Poland).

Kuba owabumba lokuqala Casimir ibhalwe Warsaw yokuzilolonga. Kodwa emva kwethutyana inkwenkwe kwanyanzeleka ukuba baqhubeke nemfundo yabo esikolweni wamaJesuit, leyo yayimi eFransi. Ndandikhula, Kazimir Valishevsky waba nomdla umthetho ekugqibeleni waba oqeqeshwe kwiSikolo zoMthetho eParis, apho wawongwa ngesidanga Doctor yoMthetho. Emva kokufunda lo mfana wayenza ukufundisa kumaziko emfundo Krakow.

entsimini yintatheli

Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-80s ngenkulungwane ye-19 Kazimir Valishevsky ixesha elininzi eFransi. Waye iminyaka eliqela benza ubhala umsebenzi, nto leyo ibandakanya nemiba ngemiba ezopolitiko, ezomthetho nezoqoqosho. Inxalenye yeencwadi zakhe, ezifana "Poland naseYurophu kwisiqingatha 2 ngenkulungwane ye-18." Nditsho inguqulo Russian.

Iincwadi malunga abantu prominent evela Russia odlulileyo

Kungekudala, ugqirha le kileyo evela ePoland waba nomdla kwixesha kwimbali Russian engamakhulu 17-19.

Wabhala uthotho imisebenzi malunga yasebukhosini ngubani "ngokuthembeka" bakhonza kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu. Kwelinye mabali iinkcukacha yekhasi ubhala malunga nzima basemzini phakathi Russia, Poland, ezithe zabakho kuloo Ixesha Ixesha Iingxaki. Apha, enyanisweni, ngaphezu odumileyo Kazimir Valishevsky, ogama iincwadi ebezifunwa kakhulu kungekuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa phesheya. imisebenzi yakhe ukuba awavumelani izibakala kanye elidlulileyo, yekhasi "babemba" zokugcina karhulumente e Vienna, eLondon, Berlin, kwaye, kakade, St. Petersburg.

Makhe sihlolisise umxholo imisebenzi uthandwayo umbhali Polish lowo engamashumi amathathu iminyaka yobomi ndayichitha isifundo yenzululwazi Russian zembali.

"Enye Roman uKumkanikazi. N Velikaya "

Lo msebenzi we-mbali Polish baphume ngo-1892. Sele igama libonisa ukuba icace into ukufunda bakhetha Casimir Valishevsky. "Roman uKumkanikazi" - kukuthi, enyanisweni, luvuthondaba komdyarho, nangona ukususela kwinqanaba umbono incwadi yembali ibhalwe kuqala. Ingaba umbhali azama ukuchaza oko ngokweenkcukacha zonke adventures yokubonisana of uCatherine II?

Makube lee oko, lo msebenzi ngaloo nto. uluvo oluphambili Its - ukugxininisa ukuba ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nephondo German of Russia wamthanda, yaye njengoko enyukela etroneni, wenze okusemandleni alo ngokuchuma kunye nentlalo-ntle. Kodwa inoveli iqulethe ingongoma umbhali awujonga ngayo kwi ngubani uKumkanikazi, nto leyo luyagqithiswa umfundi kunye Kazimir Valishevsky. N Velikaya emehlweni akhe - kuba yi eyonqenayo, maxa wambi saa kwaye ufundile kakuhle umntu. Kodwa le indawo zesimo i Pole.

"Pet Veliky"

Lo msebenzi wabonakala ngowe-1897. Yintoni umxholo ezifakwa kuyo Valishevsky Casimir? "Pet Veliky" - inoveli apho umbhali a ukubusithelisa ukuvelela, ukuba akunjalo, ke ukuhlangabezana imicimbi umlawuli wokuqala Russian. Yena unika kuye uthotho izichazi ekhubekisayo: nesibindi, bakrwada, ongenamonde, sisingxami ... Casimir F. ugxininisa ukuba lo mlawuli inobudlelwane owomeleleyo olusondeleyo nabantu bakhe. Tsar uPetros khathalela ngamandla kwaye ikhusela kuyo. Umbhali bayazithanda Ushintsho yoMlawuli kwimicimbi zomkhosi, kwaye utsho ngokuphandle ukuba wakwazi ukudala umkhosi kakhulu enamandla phambili ukusukela kwamadoda laseRashiya.

Noko ke, umbhali-mbali Polish, kwakhona ebonisa subjectivism, uyasigxeka ityala nxamnye waselwandle kakumkani. Ngokutsho kwakhe, iinqanawa - oko akuyomfuneko, kwaye kuyabiza kakhulu kwaye ke ngoko sele kusungulwe iindleko ezingeyomfuneko ukuba Treasury ...

"Ivan Grozny"

kwafika Lo msebenzi evela lusiba lombhali ngo-1904. Ukuba uchaza Casimir Valishevsky? "Ivan Grozny" - incwadi umxholo wayo yahlukile iimbono elizibalula oprichnina, wabumba mbali. Isibakala ukuba ngokwesiqhelo sasebenzisa ukuvavanya ukumkani imicimbi yayo yangaphakathi kwi kurhulumente, yaye emva koko kuphela sinikele ingqalelo umgangatho-nkqubo angaphandle yomlawuli. Casimir F. watshintsha eziphambili bakhe waza wabanika inkcazelo Ivan IV ngokoMthetho ukukwazi ukwakha ubudlelane bezozakuzo kunye United of "umbhalo". Oku, ingakumbi, uza Lithuania lokuzalwa Poland wakhe. Kakade ke, ngokuba Waliszewski imicimbi nkqubo lwangaphakathi, kodwa kulandela. Le ukungangqinelani kunye nezikhundla-mbali Russian wabonakaliswa abalinganiswa yobuntu Ivana Groznogo, leyo kwinzululwazi ekhaya elikhuselweyo ngokuqinileyo iwonga uzwilakhe, umbulali kunye obangela.

Casimir F. kuqikelelo banobubele kakhulu kwaye ephatha isiqhulo Grozny njenge 'iziqu' yaye 'ohloniphekileyo ". Ukongeza, umbhali uyayibonga Ushintsho owaqalisa ukumkani.

"Ixesha Iinkathazo"

yenziwa Lo msebenzi ekhoyo ukufunda ngowe-1911. Ndandifuna ukuthetha oku inoveli Kazimir Valishevsky. "Ixesha Iingxaki" - incwadi leyo uhlobo phambili umsebenzi omkhulu-isikali nentatheli Polish, othi "The Origin of Modern Russia". Amaphepha yokuqala "Ixesha Iingxaki" abazinikele kuvavanyo omnye wenzala Ivana Groznogo - Fedora Ioanovicha, okhulele kusemnandi ngesothuso kunye noloyiko. Kakuhle imali umbhali ukuba usasazo zeziganeko ngenkulungwane ye-17, xa imephu zopolitiko eMpuma Yurophu kwakunzima ngokwenene amacandelo yempembelelo. Nangona Poland sele siqinile, enempi esomeleleyo. Kodwa eRussia andizanga ezona amaxesha. "Esibi," Ukumkani ufile, amandla kweli lizwe wegqitha waya unyana ka-Ivan IV, nto leyo enyanisweni yajika ukuba abe ngumlawuli buthathaka. Oprichnina and War Livonian baba ntlokoma ebonakalayo kwintlekele lwentlalo noqoqosho. Kukho khula ukunganeliseki abantu baseRoma.

Casimir F. ikuchaza ngokweenkcukacha imeko yezopolitiko ekuphuhliseni eRashiya kunye Poland. Utsalela ingqalelo yokuba Smoot ifuthe ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kubomi elizayo baseRashiya nezibonda. Valishevsky usebenzisa "sawo lokuthanda ukufunda nokubhala", eqaqambileyo kwaye inemibalabala ubonakalise ixesha entsonkothileyo yaye linzima kwimbali yesizwe, owenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17.

Ukuhlolwa zabasebenzi balo

Koonondaba eRashiya, Kakade ke, zange anyanzelwe ukuba ulinde ixesha elide ukuze ingxelo malunga imisebenzi mbali Polish kunye yekhasi, ngubani inoveli yakhe yokugqibela, epapashwe eParis ngowe-1925, kwanikezelwa uMlawuli Alexander I.

Ngaphezu koko, reviews yomsebenzi wakhe baye kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Kwaye Casimir F. walandela uqhuba elo wanika abafundi zeencwadi zakhe. Ubhala athi: "Ngaphandle kokuba sengqondo isininzi ukuya emsebenzini wam condescendingly, ndiye ndaqonda ukuba i-akhawunti yam lamathuba ezithile imbali eRashiya kwavusa mpikiswano abanye eluntwini. Yaye isibakala sokuba abanye abantu bayandityhola of klevetnichestve elidlulileyo, akazange acaphuke kum. "

Intatheli Polish kunye mbali, wafa eParis ngo-1935.

Ukupapashwa iincwadi Waliszewski eRashiya yaqala ngo-1905 kwaye baqhubeka de leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Kwaba kuphela ngasekupheleni imi--80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela resurfaced umdla womfundi xa imisebenzi yakhe.