KAMAZ, inkqubo okupholisa: ifowuni kunye nokulungiswa

Isixokelelwano sokupholisa lobume imoto kubalulekile ukugcina amandla yokusebenza injini. cars ezikufutshane Kama ngemoto yezityalo njengesipholisi ziyohluka kuluhlu 80-120 ⁰ C. ingqalelo ukuba ubushushu benjini ifikelela 220 ⁰ C, kuya kuba nangakumbi ngokucacileyo ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo inkqubo injini olupholisa.

Iimpawu kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo

KAMAZ, inkqubo okupholisa leyo twatse imisebenzi classical ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko ezinxaxhileyo emotweni injini esisongela engxakini enkulu. Inkqubo izinto ezisisiseko phantse iyafana iimoto kunye neemoto:

• olupholisa i radiator;
• impompo yamanzi a;
• imibhobho;
• thermostats;
• apholisayo fan.

Omnye umahluko ukusuka kwinkqubo sokupholisa asiyi kuba kwaoko izithuthi eluncedo kubonakala - ubukho thermostats-2. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ukuya inkalo isakhiwo injini. V-ezimile ezisibhozo ezimbini intloko cylinder ilahlwe kwi-engile ⁰ ngaphantsi kwama-90 (kungoko igama). Ezi mpawu zilandelayo - siyabamfamekisa kwi heatsink. Ngeentsuku ezibandayo, bona indawo ezivaliweyo kwaye kuvumela injini ngokukhawuleza eshushu-up.

Isipholisi (KAMAZ 740) sakhiwa fan bamba hydraulic. drive ezilawulwayo ukunyenyisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya fan, ngaloo ngamandla okupholisa injini.

Umphathi wesekethe yenkqubo sokupholisa

Isipholisi (KAMAZ 740) sele isekethi eqhelekileyo ngawo kulula ukuqonda kanye avelele umsebenzi. Lo mzobo ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba inkqubo isithuthi ukuba okupholisa Kusasazwa ngenkani closed nokubanda. Isantya intshukumo masikhokelwe yokumpompa amanzi (30). Le njengesipholisi eliya kwisisu yokuqala yebhanki cylinder lasekhohlo uze ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu kungena em- ebhankini cylinder ekunene.

Emva kokuba kudlule ulwelo nge iintloko lombhobho, uya kudlula kumo ngokwendalo. Into elandelayo endleleni kukho thermostat (17). Apha, kuxhomekeke iqondo ubushushu ulwelo okanye ubuyele kwimpompo (isangqa encinane) okanye ukuya kwi radiator okupholisa (10). Radiator (ngokuqhelekileyo-3-okanye umqolo-4) ngenkuthalo pholisa le isinqandi ikwagqibezela isangqa esikhulu, eqondisa njengesipholisi ukuya impompo.

Isekethi injini (KAMAZ) kubonisiwe okuqashwa. Kukho kwakhona itanki ukwanda (21) enesiciko (22) kunye nendwe esweni umgangatho ulwelo (20). Fan bandla a bamba (9) ilawula isantya kunye nolwalathiso lokuhamba njengesipholisi. Oku luvuliwe kwi lobushushu 85 ⁰ C. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu nokubanda xa injini kufuneka igcinwe kuluhlu 85-90 ⁰ C. Ukuphucula ukungena komoya ngokusebenzisa fan inikwa diffuser. Kwimeko ulwelo kwemfuneko injini iqondo lobushushu (98 ⁰ C) kwiqela lenjongo isixhobo izibane Isalathisi isibane up.

Ubuthathaka yenkqubo sokupholisa

Okokuqala, yabona, yintoni enokwenzeka nkqu nenkqubo sokupholisa yeemoto kwempahla. Ingxaki okunene kakhulu;

• flow;
• nobushushu le emelana;
• emzimbeni;
• Olupholisa fluid abangena kwisistim oyile.

Isipholisi Leak kwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yemibhobho ezimbaxa, yaye ethubeni yokugqibela ezinjengokwaphuka (ngokuhlaziya) iirubber lamanzi. Ngoko ke, omnye ubuthathaka kwinkqubo - imibhobho. KAMAZ, inkqubo okupholisa elinika leempumelelo, uqala ukuba 'sibandezeleke "kwaye shushu ngokugqithisileyo. Eneneni, ukuba kumgangatho njengesipholisi ivuthuluke, lo zokufudumeza ngokuncomeka kwesixokelelwano kwandisa. Kukho sele esondele nobushushu. Ukuphelisa ukuvuza kubalulekile ukuba qinisa zonke ngononophelo kwaye bakunyanzelise yonke le nkqubo.

Ingongoma yesibini thathaka kumiselwa thermostats. Kwimeko apho ukusilela lwesi sakhi njenge nobushushu kunokwenzeka kunye injini supercooled. Kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho vana wanamathela. Ukuba thermostat ivuliwe, ulwelo "ohamba" kunye kwisangqa enkulu ngokusebenzisa radiator. Kwimeko injini eshushu-up ungabunikeliyo i injini ukuncokola nabo. Ukuba ngaxeshanye ngakumbi yazivula amakhethini, imoto na supercooled.

Ukuba thermostat ivaliwe, akukho isinqandi engena radiator yaye ngokukhawuleza elibaselwe ngumoji-injini eshushu. Kangangethuba, igcina imeko fan (Kamaz). Isixokelelwano sokupholisa uyayeka ukuphatha kunye esibaselwe isinqandi kuqala, uze emva koko enjinini.

Le lwesithathu kumgca ubuthathaka ziya kuba sokupholisa fan iklatshi. Ukuba ayiwenzi, le injini isixando ngokusebenzisa radiator asikwazi ukutsala. Ukuba ekukhangelayo imoto kunye nexesha ukwenza iimviwo othintelo kunye iindawo ngocingo "ibitheni", akukho iingxaki kwisistim okupholisa kuzisola ngokulinda.

okupholisa radiator (KAMAZ)

Cinga onke amacandelo ezinkulu kwenkqubo olupholisa ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwaye uqale nesibakala sokuba owokuqala ebeganga eye - radiator.

inkqubo sokupholisa (KAMAZ 5320) iye kubume bayo umqolo 4-3-okanye apholisayo radiator. Yenziwe ngu uhlobo bamandulo imele:

• ichibi ephantsi, nto leyo yombhobho iplagi efanelekileyo;
• inkqubo central kweetyhubhu zimiswe ngokwemigca ezininzi;
• itanki eliphezulu ukuya kumbhobho sokubonelela.

Radiator Ayanda-point ezintathu. On omabini amacala isibiyeli sibethelelwe, nto leyo ngokusebenzisa izinto damping ziqhotyoshelwe amalungu kwicala isakhelo. Le lokubopha ezantsi radiator liqhagamshelene cross-bha isakhelo №1.

A inkalo ekhethekileyo isakhiwo radiator (Kamaz) kuba phambi nemivalo. Le nkqubo yokugaya iipleyiti zesinyithi, apho iibhloko ukufikelela ukugeleza komoya ngokusebenzisa radiator. Bangaliboni lilawulwa ukukhululwa Intambo elula ngqo kwi-moya. Ukuba umqheba zincothulwe, oko kuthetha ukuba siyabamfamekisa zivaliwe, kwaye ngenye indlela - zivulekile. Ngenxa yoku imozulu ebandayo injini ukufudumala ngokukhawuleza.

fan

KAMAZ Ukupholisa fan zixhonywe shaft kunye nokuhlangana ulwelo ngaphandle zimelwe isithinzi ezintlanu. Kuxhomekeka lobushushu iklatshi injini ngokuzenzekelayo ivuliwe kwaye yeka. Fan ngokwaloo inclusions okanye ukusebenza okanye esebenza kwimeko nokuhlangana ulwelo ujikeleza nje ekuveleni ukungena komoya.

Ukuze umoya ngempumelelo ngakumbi isisu kwenkqubo injini olupholisa (KAMAZ) iye kwi istili fan. Yenziwe oxwebhu metal ezingcakacileyo yi Ukuhlukunyezwa. Enkosi kuye, umoya iqukuqela ngempumelelo kuphela kwi radiator kunye ziliminxe icala.

Apholisayo coupling fluid

isixhobo okupholisa (KAMAZ) iye kumafa walo lo, ingumbandela obalulekileyo nje nokuhlangana fluid. Eyona njongo yale sixhobo - le torsion ezosulela ukusuka crankshaft ukuya injini yesithuthi lungapholi fan. Kwimeko yokutshintsha esikhawulezileyo torque fluid nokuhlangana dampens intlokoma, kwaye fan isoloko isebenza kakuhle, ngaphandle uphakamisa.

Ngokwemo, nokuhlangana ulwelo siqulathe amavili amabini ojikeleza shaft, ngokusebenzisa iibheringi kwi izindlu. inani ezahlukeneyo iincakuba: 33 ukuya ekukhokheleni kubo, yaye eqhutywa - yabe 32. Phakathi nokuhlangana fluid une kwisisu lwangaphakathi okusebenzayo. Kungenxa lweHo- ukusebenza kwenzeka transmission torque xa sithe sahlutha ioli.

coupling fluid inkqubo okupholisa ukusebenza, kuyimfuneko ioli injini kuyo ezifunyenweyo nto. Oku kubangelwa iswitshi, leyo izikhundla ezintathu. 3 ilingane itshixa ezintathu iindlela switsha yokusebenza fan:

• esizilawulayo;
• ukusebenza rhoqo kwesi fan;
• Fan kwaphela, iklatshi akuthethi kudlulisela torque ukusuka crankshaft.

Kwimo automatic, inkqubo ukuphola (KAMAZ Euro 2) isebenza ngokungqinelana scheme eziphuhliswe nabayili. Oko kukuthi, de ubushushu njengesipholisi 86 ⁰ C oyile akuthethi ingena lweHo- ukusebenza kunye fan ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi clutch off. Kwaye ngokwandisa iswitshi lobushushu ivula neoli lungena ngokukhululekileyo nokuhlangana fluid, ngokwenjenjalo wokuvulela i fan.

Ukuba iswitshi clutch sinesiphene (injini overheats), kucetyiswa ukuba uyifake kwindawo ne ukufunyanwa rhoqo a kufuphi nokuhlangana fluid. Kwaye emva kokuba nandzu umva ukuya kwimo oluzenzekelayo. Kuba kwiimeko apho eso sithuthi uleyisayo amazibuko ezinzulu, indawo iswitshi kucetyiswa ukuba bafake kurhulumente ivalelwe iklatshi.

empompa amanzi

Okupholisa System (Kamaz) yenye into ebalulekileyo - impompo yamanzi. Owona msebenzi wayo - lokuhamba njengesipholisi kwinkqubo injini olupholisa. Ngaphandle kokuba awukwazi ukudala flow entle kwicala elifanelekileyo. Kwaye kwimeko yokusilela yomsebenzi injini uya kuba phantsi mbuzo.

kwisisu ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwimpompo zikhuselwe amatywina. Kuba ukunqanda kakuhle kwi impompo kukho lubricator, apho iluncedo ukumpompa grease. Ulawulo uphawu ugcwalisa lokuvula apho zokubalekela igrisi kwemfuneko. obuqhelekileyo "Litol" lisetyenziswa njengendlela igrisi. Ukuze ufunde yengxinano le istili pump, kukho umsele umngxuma okhethekileyo. Ukuba uye phandle, ngoko amatywina musa ukubamba, kwaye kufuneka kufakwe.

Zokulawula kunye nonxibelelwano

ngemibhobho okupholisa (KAMAZ) iya kuba okulungileyo phantsi kweliso. Kwimeko yokudityaniswa oluvuzayo kungenzeka ukuphulukana isixa esikhulu njengesipholisi kwaye shushu ngokugqithisileyo enjinini. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe amalungu imibhobho esuka kwi radiator, impompo yamanzi kunye thermostat.

thermostats okupholisa banoxanduva yolawulo lokungena nokuphuma nokubanda. Ngokwandisa lobushushu ulwelo ukuya 80 ⁰ C wakhonjiswa ukuya kwiradiyetha, ngamanye ukujikeleziswa oko iqala ukuba ulandele "isangqa esikhulu '. Kule nxalenye flow iyaqhubeka amanzi ngokusebenzisa i "kwisangqa esincinci". Kuphela xa amaqondo obushushu 93 ⁰ C. Valve "pulmonary" closed ngokupheleleyo kwaye zonke njengesipholisi aqukuqela radiator injini.

inkqubo olupholisa

System okupholisa (KAMAZ 740) ayahlukanga ukusuka imifuziselo zangaphambili. Kufuneka uyazi ukuba ngenxa 740 consoles kowethu mafutha 0, Euro 2, Euro 3 Euro 4 akazange enze naluphi na utshintsho kwisistim sokupholisa. Ngoko ke, yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze le nkqubo ngenkonzo engcono?

Intshukumo wokuqala kufuneka enze umsebenzi yonke imihla, xa isithuthi esebenzayo, oko lukhangelwa ukuvuza kwinkqubo (landela imizila ukuvuza) uze uzaliswe nokubanda ukuya kwinqanaba ekhuthazwayo. njengesipholisi kwango ehlotyeni ukuze amanzi eziqhelekileyo, yaye ebusika - le zinendlela ubunjani okanye nokubanda. Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa kwiingingqi ngqwabalala lasemntla ukuya kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa efakiweyo ukufudumeza.

Eminye imisebenzi kwi inkonzo, leyo uqhuba qho kufuneka iquke:

• yi ibhanti nengxabano;
• isondlo yokumpompa amanzi (ukuthambisa ajikeleze of iibheringi kunye yokutshekisha kwaye namatywina siyiguqulela);
• khangela tensioner drive ibhanti;
• uxinzelelo ngokupheleleyo ukuhlola inkqubo sokupholisa;
• isinqandi ulawulo umgangatho endaweni yayo kunokwenzeka;
• siwasebenzise inkqubo xa kuthe odla olomeleleyo.

kovavanyo loxinzelelo

Isipholisi (KAMAZ 65115) kufuneka impermeability ngokupheleleyo. ukuhlolwa Visual ilungile, kodwa akakwazi ukubonisa iindawo ziza ukuqala ugeleza. Ukuze ukubona zobu buthathaka kulungile ukusebenzisa igeyiji yoxinzelelo ukumpompa ukwenza uxinzelelo.

Ukuze isicelo ngokwaneleyo ukuze crimp ephezulu radiator ugwebu xi pump, ukuqalisa injini ndiyokubukela manometer. Ukuba yonke into kakuhle, kwaye inkqubo akukho cimo, isixhobo isandla ngeke ukutshintsha indawo yayo. Kungenjalo, xa inaliti uqala ukuya ezantsi, sinokufumana kuphela indawo eziyingxaki.

njengesipholisi Ukutshintshwa

Xa ufuna ukutshintsha inkqubo Ukupholisa ulwelo xa ewonke, oko akukho inqabile kakhulu. Le ndlela ilula - lasebusika weza, yaye le nkqubo amanzi elula. Kwakhona, indawo olunokufuneka apho zokulahleka iimpahla zazo Ukupholisa ulwelo okanye ukungcolisa kakhulu.

Umthamo we-injini (KAMAZ) na 25 litres. Kwezi, amanzi "ihempe" ukuba iilitha 18. Ukuze endaweni kulwelo ungeniselo lokuqala idreyini endala. Kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukuvula i radiator vana asezantsi, nemali yokuhlawula vana kwi sokufudumeza kunye nempompo kwinkqubo zokufudumeza, kwakunye nemibhobho lokubonelela ulwelo kwinkqubo cab ubushushu. Musa ukulibala ukuba ukhulule isiciko tank ukwanda.

Xa ulwelo ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo, zonke izivingco zivaliwe. Umqulu yonke kwinkqubo pholisa (KAMAZ) igcwele nge itanki ukwanda. zinendlela New ikhethiwe ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye neemeko zokusebenza isithuthi. Asimele bazibone iinketho yokungenisa iinkonkxa ezintle thina. coolants zasekhaya ncam iimpawu ehambelana nemigangatho kwemigangatho amazwe ngamazwe.

Siwasebenzise inkqubo sokupholisa

Ugungxule inkqubo sokupholisa inokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo ngeendlela. Kwimeko kungcoliseko kancinane kunokuba kufuneka zihlanjwe ngamanzi ethafeni. Ukulungiselela le njongo, njengesipholisi endala amanzi, kodwa endaweni egalelwa amanzi. I-injini kwaye esotha phezulu bengasebenzi. Emva koko, amanzi akhutshelwa, kwaye nomjikelo iphindwe izihlandlo eziliqela de ahlambuluke.

Ukuba ukungcoliswa sele ezibalulekileyo, kubhetele ukusebenzisa zokuhlamba ekhethekileyo ogqityiweyo. Ngelo xesha kukho kwahluka-okukhawulezayo xa ukuhlisa ibizwa idityaniswe zinendlela endala uze zonke Ukuhlanganiswa. Kodwa ke kubhetele ukusebenzisa isisombululo sokuhlambela xa njengesipholisi endala sele mthombo. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba acocekileyo amanzi "ihempe" izisombululo zokucoca injini ziya kwahluka. Radiator inkqubo sokupholisa kufuneka zicocwe ngokwahlukeneyo nokucoca ngakumbi kakuhle. Kule 2.5% isisombululo zehydrochloric acid esekwe kakuhle.

Ukuhlanjwa iimpawu kufuneka bazi ukuba icala aya kuhlanjwa kufuneka ndichasane eliqhelekileyo yamanzi okupholisa. A nkqubo ibelula uya amanzi, okanye isisombululo amachiza phantsi koxinzelelo nesifuthufuthu.

zokusombulula

Isipholisi (KAMAZ 5320) kufuneka zisebenze ngaphandle ukutenxa uhlolo uhlolo. Kodwa ke amaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwaye siphoso kwenzeka kungalindelekanga. Ulwazi ubuthathaka kwinkqubo kuya kunceda ukuchonga ingxaki ngokukhawuleza nokusombulula phezu ndawo.

Ukutyeshelwa yobunzima nkqubo kuyafikelelwa ngokufumana indawo evuzayo kunye nokupheliswa yayo kunokwenzeka. Ukwenza oku uhlolo olubonakalayo kaninzi ngokwaneleyo. Ungene zonke iindawo uxhulumaniso, impompo yamanzi, kwiradiyetha, iklatshi. nemilomo kunxitywe ngaxeshanye ngcono ukuba utshintsha nje. radiator avuzayo kukuphelisa ngemibhobho ngelotha okanye Uyeke avuzayo. Isigqibo indawo radiator sithathwa ngamnye, kuba kakhulu ngenxa yokunyanyekelwa wahlamba kakuhle xa isusiwe.

Nxiba okanye ukungcola Ubhaqo drive umbhinqo kubhetele ukuba ukusombulula ilalela. Ukuba kukho urhano of thermostats yokusebenza-umgangatho, zibe lula ukuba ahlole ku ubushushu yetanki esezantsi kwi radiator. Xa amaqondo obushushu 85 ⁰ C, oko kukuthi, xa ivelufa thermostat iqala ukuvula, itanki mabazivonyavonye ukuqhelanisa amalungu omzimba. Ukuba ayiwenzi, ngoko, ivelufa esixengayo kwaye kufuneka kufakwe nge thermostat.

Okupholisa System (Kamaz Euro 2) ayahlukanga ukusuka kwabo ngaphambili yaye kamva kakhulu. Iingxaki ezingenzeka kwi injini zifana ncam xa iimpawu zazo. Enye fault ezinjalo - ukuba ungene njengesipholisi kwinkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Oku uyakwazi ukubona isihla isinqandi ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo ukuvuza. Isizathu unako zinganxitywa intloko cylinder gasket, kwaye ukuvuza ngokusebenzisa iyunithi itywina enemikhono. Le ngxaki isonjululwe kokutshintsha gasket kunxitywe injini.

isiphelo

Car Care kufuneka rhoqo kunye comprehensive. Akukho kobuxhakaxhaka akufunekanga abe namalungelo. Kulo mzekelo, kuhle ukuba ulwazi ubuthathaka imoto ethile. KAMAZ, inkqubo okupholisa leyo alinayo nayiphi na ingxaki, kunjalo kufuneka rhoqo kuhlolwa kwaye abe nokugcinwa ngokupheleleyo.