Neurophysiology - yintoni na le nto? Izisekelo neurophysiology

Neurophysiology - icandelo amalungu ukuba lifunda luvo kunye iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ezo iiyunithi yayo engundoqo zesakhiwo. Kuye ngokusondeleyo bengqondo, ethology, neuroanatomy, kwakunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi ezininzi ukufunda ingqondo. Noko ke, le nkcazelo jikelele. Kubalulekile ukuba ukwandisa sinikele ingqalelo kwezinye iinkalo ezinxulumene nalo mxholo. A lot of kubo.

A incinane

Kwaba kwinkulungwane XVII, le ntetho yokuqala yale (abazange ayisekho ngoko) kwicandelo lwezenzululwazi neurophysiology sele abeke phambili. Development kwaye ayikwazanga kuba, ukuba ukuqokelelela ulwazi malunga histological kunye yokwakheka isakhiwo e-nervous system. Amalinge ukufunda icandelo entsha yezonyango yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX - ngaphambili ukuba kwakukho ithiyori kuphela. Eyokuqala, awawabeka phambili Descartes.

Nangona kunjalo, amalinge ekuqaleni nga sobuntu kakhulu. Oosonzululwazi Into yokuqala (Charles F. Bell kunye Magendie) uye wafunda ukuba emva kokuba candelo iingcambu ngomva nomqolo ezilahlekileyo uvakalelo. Ukuba lowo kwenziwa ne ngaphambili - ziza ukukwazi ukuhamba kuzo.

Kodwa imizamo neurophysiological kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle (leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, yaziwa kuthi sonke) wachitha I. P. Pavlov. Yaba nguye eyafumana ikhaliphe moya, elo ukufikelela kwinjongo ukubhaliswa iinkqubo uvaleke ukuba kwenzeka neuron. Konke oku - neurophysiology. Higher umsebenzi luvo, leyo ngoku umbuzo, kwaye sele iboniwe ngexesha yemifuniselo eziqhutywa njengenxenye kwicandelo lezonyango.

uphando lwakutshanje

Xa neurophysiology, ngokungafaniyo yeenkqubo zengqondo, neurobiology kunye nazo zonke ezinye zenzululwazi, kunye inawo uxhulumaniso, kukho umahluko mnye. Kwaye oku: Eli candelo lijongene ngokukodwa kunye nophuhliso neuroscience sethiyori lonke jikelele.

Kule mihla isayensi, ezifana amayeza, sabuyela kude kakhulu. Kwaye kwesi sigaba yonke imisebenzi zakhelwe kwi neurophysiology yokufunda nokuqonda umsebenzi ezimanyanisayo-luvo. Kwenzeka ntoni nge ngoncedo komhlaba kunye electrode elimiselweyo kuni, kwakunye zizinto thermal CNS.

Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso obuqhubekekayo isifundo iindlela yeselula - oko kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa microelectrode ubuchule mihla. Oku kunika umdla kakhulu yinkqubo enzima yaye onzima, kuba ukuze uqale isifundo, kufuneka 'ubomi "a microelectrode ngaphakathi neuron. Kuphela ngale ndlela baya kufumana ulwazi malunga nophuhliso inhibition kunye excitation.

electron microscopy

Kwakhona ezisetyenziswa zizazinzulu namhlanje. Electron microscopy unika ithuba lokuphicotha ulwazi ufakwe ze idluliselwe iingqondo zethu. Izisekelo ze Neurophysiology wafunda, yaye ngenxa yobuchwepheshe, kukho sele amaziko yonke apho izazinzulu balingise uthungelwano zemithambo kunye luvo ngamnye. Ngako oko, neurophysiology namhlanje - kukwayinto entle inzululwazi enxulumene cybernetics, bionics kunye nobume. Kunye nenkqubela icacile - kule mihla isifo kwaye afumane unyango emva kwe sokuxhuzula, sclerosis, stroke kunye nezigulo inkqubo musculoskeletal kukho ngokwenene.

yolingo lwezonyango

Neurophysiology ingqondo yomntu (njengoko ingqondo kunye umnqonqo) uphonononga umsebenzi wayo ethile usebenzisa iindlela yomlinganiselo electrophysiological. inkqubo yokulinga - kuphela ngenxa kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle, unako ukufikelela imbonakalo nekhono isuswa. Oku Imiqondiso bioelectrical.

Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukufumana ulwazi malunga sokusebenza yemisebenzi ubuchopho neembambaniso yayo, kwaye nkqu iphunyezwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela lisetyenziswa neurophysiology clinical. Injongo kukuba ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo yovakalelo, ezifana kwebala, nokuva, emehlweni. Ngelo xesha linye sifunda luvo indlela neuropathy central.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela Kucacile. Oogqirha ukufumana ulwazi njongo ngqo emzimbeni. Ukususa imfuneko ukuba bayigocagoce le isigulane. Yintoni ingakumbi kunjalo abantwana abancinane okanye abantu nge ukwazi kakuhle, nto leyo ngenxa yobudala babo okanye imeko akakwazi ukubonisa iimvakalelo zam ngamazwi.

utyando

Ingqalelo kufanele kuphawulwe, yaye lo mxholo. Kukho ikho into neurophysiology yotyando. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amazwi, i "application" umda. Yena wayekwenza oogqirha neurophysiologists abathe ngqo ngexesha utyando ayakubukela indlela luvo yesigulana. Le nkqubo, soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho izifundo electrophysiological kwinkqubo ethile luvo kwimimandla owawusebenza. Oku, ngasendleleni, libhekisela uqeqesho olubanzi lwezonyango ebizwa neuromonitoring.

Indlela zabizwa nekhono

Ngaye kufuneka axelele ngakumbi. Neurophysiology - eyagcina ikuvumela ukuba ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo ekusekweni unyango yesigulane. Kwaye indlela nekhono zavusa isicelo ebonwayo, yiacoustic, ezikhalayo, kunye nemisebenzi somatosensory transcranial.

Umongo yinto oku: ugqirha ukhetha nee-avareji ukuba nekhono ebuthathaka ubuchopho bioelectric, nto leyo mpendulo afferent ezintweni. Le nqubo linokuthenjwa, ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa algorithm eyodwa ukutyhilwa kwalo.

Ngophando enjalo ujika ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka yomguli luvo lwe shiyana, ngokunjalo nezifo wabetha sensorimotor ngumonzakalo ingqondo, indlela retina conductive, ukuva umsebenzi njalo njalo. D. Ngaphezu koko, ukukwazi ukubala isiphumo zomzimba emzimbeni womntu uye waba yokwenene. Ngoku, usebenzisa le ndlela, oko ujika ukuvavanya umntu, ukuqikelela uphuhliso yaye ukubala mhlawumbi ukufa ebuchotsheni.

lunye

Oogqirha, iingcaphephe nje oogqirha kuphela, kodwa kananjalo abahlaziyi. Kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zobungcali uyakwazi ukubona luvo central kakuhle kakhulu ngayo. Oku kunika ndlela yokuseka ukuxilongwa kunye nokuqeshwa unyango abanobuchule, oluchanekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, i ebuhlungu eqhelekileyo - kunokuba ngenxa inkantsi nemithambo kunye noxinzelelo intracranial. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi oku iliphawu ithumba zokuphuhlisa okanye ukugula. Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje kukho iindlela ezininzi apho oogqirha uzama ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni na isigulane. On kubo uyakwazi ubalise, ekupheleni.

iintlobo zophando

Ngoko ke, lo kuqala - oko ke EEG okanye rheoencephalography njengoko ibizwa ngokuba yi oogqirha. Ngu sokuwa EEG ngoxilongo, nangezilonda, kwentlungu, ukudumba, kunye nezifo cerebrovascular. Inkomba rheoencephalography zizinto ukuxhuzula, unditsho, intetho uhambe xa ulele, kwakunye tyhefu yityhefu kutshanje elinye ixesha. EEG nguye isifundo kuphela enokwenziwa nokuba isiguli zingqondweni.

REG (electroencephalography) kunceda ukuchonga oonobangela ezimbi nedumbe nemithambo. Ngenxa Kolu phando ujika ukufunda ukuhamba kwegazi lobuchopho. Uphando olwenziwe edlula inwebu ingqondo ababuthakathaka ophezulu-frequency yangoku. Kuyanconywa phantsi koxinzelelo ephakamileyo okanye sinciphile uqaqanjelwa. Inkqubo le yalula nekhuselekileyo.

Electroneuromyographic - zophando ethandwa yakutshanje. It electroneuromyography, ngenxa ejongisisa ukwenzakala ezachaphazela izixhobo neuromotor peripheral. Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba miosteniya, myotonia, osteochondrosis, ngokunjalo nezifo sisiba mandundu, ityhefu kunye arhabaxa.