Isithuba-ntathu zehlabathi eziphathekayo

isithuba-ntathu ingumzekelo zejometri yehlabathi esiphila kuwo. -Ntathu, kusathiwa ngenxa inkcazelo yakhe ingqamana bezifo ezintathu unit ukuba imiyalelo ubude, bukwangako nobubanzi, ukuphakama. Umbono isithuba-ntathu isakhula kwindawo besebancinane kakhulu kwaye inxulumene ngqo nolungelelwaniso woMntu. Ubunzulu basuke yakhe kuxhomekeke kubuchule yokuqonda olubonakalayo yehlabathi kunye nokukwazi ukuchonga imilinganiso emithathu ngoncedo izivamvo.

Ngokwekhalenda geometry zicazulule, isithuba-ntathu kwinqanaba ngalinye luchazwa amanani eziphawula, ekuthiwa ezihambelanayo ezintathu. nokulungelelanisa namazembe ezo aa Incopho na omnye komnye, indawo ekudibaneni zenze imvelaphi, ukuba ixabiso zero. Indawo yayo nayiphi na indawo kwisithuba kuthelekiswa kuchaziwe ku nemigca amathathu ukuba ixabiso eyahlukileyo lwamanani phakathi kwisithuba ngasinye kwangaphambili. isithuba-mbini ntathu nganye amanqaku ayo ichazwa amanani amathathu ehambelana umgama ukusuka reference indawo kwi nokulungelelanisa axis nganye kwindawo yonqumlo ne-moya kwangaphambili. Kukwakho ezifana nokulungelelanisa inkqubo neesistim ungqukuva kunye zezindlu.

Xa algebra yomgama, isigama yemilinganiselo-ntathu sichazwa ingqikelelo ukuzimela yomgama. indawo yomzimba i-ntathu kuba ubude bento akuxhomekekanga ububanzi bayo ubude. Ngolwimi indawo algebra yomgama i-ntathu kuba ingongoma nganye ngamnye oko kumiselwa ukususela indibaniselwano bezifo ezintathu ezizimeleyo linearly komnye. Kule nkqubo, ingqikelelo indawo yexesha lixabiso-mbini emine, kuba nendawo yencopho ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ixesha akuxhomekekanga kwindawo yayo esithubeni.

Ezinye iimpawu iba isithuba-ntathu, kachesvenno zahlukile kwezo izithuba ezikhoyo kwezinye imilinganiselo. Umzekelo, iqhina libotshelelwe intambo, lwenziwe asezantsi kulinganiswa. Uninzi imithetho yemvelo enxulumene milinganiselo-onamacala amathathu isithuba, umzekelo, isichasi umthetho square. In isithuba-ntathu isenokuba isithuba ezimbini-mbini, ntathu-nye no-zero mbini, lo gama yona kucingwa yinxalenye imodeli yesikhewu-mbini emine.

Isotropy indawo yenye iipropati yayo ephambili ubucukubhede yamandulo. indawo Isotropic ubizwa ngokuba xa batshintshana isakhelo reference kwigophe olithandayo etshintsha iziphumo zemilinganiselo nga endleka. Umthetho yolondolozo umfutho emboxo isekelwe phezu iimpawu isotropic bendawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwisithuba zonke iindlela bayalingana yaye akukho nkcazelo oluthile nesikhokelo ezimeleyo umgca wolingano- macala. Isotropy unawo iipropati ezifanayo ebonakalayo kuzo zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, kwisithuba isotropic - ukuba indawo enjalo, iimpawu ebonakalayo apho asixhomekeki indlela.