Indlela axove eziphathekayo: ngokomlinganiselo (itheyibhile)

Phambi kokuba ukuxuba eziphathekayo, umyinge ziza ekhankanywe ngezantsi, amacandelo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo. Xa sithetha nje ngokubanzi, eli eziphathekayo ngumxube, ngokusekelwe - lokubolekwa ezahlukeneyo kunye isamente. Ngoko ke, lo eziphathekayo iqulethe amahlalutye, iingqalutye, igrabile, isanti kunye isamente. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingasetyenziswa ongeziweyo ezizodwa uhlobo plasticizers. umsebenzi wawo ukuba bamnike iipropati ezithile eziphathekayo. Sinako ukwahlula iimpawu eziphambili eziphathekayo, nto leyo amandla compressive. Ngokusekelwe amandla isisombululo emva lukhuni lohlulwe enxebeni.

Ukubunjwa eziphathekayo

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukuxuba njani eziphathekayo, umyinge eza kuluhlu kwinqaku, kufuneka kuqala wazi ukuba yintoni na uhlobo elula ikhonkrithi ubunjwe zesamente nesanti irhabaxa. Loo isisombululo luqhele ukusetyenziswa njenge zeendawana phantsi kwesiseko yokwakha. Xa oku yokuqamba zafakwa kwi imali encinane amanzi ukuya isisombululo attained ukuxinana uhlobo lomhlaba omanzi. Ukuba kukho imfuneko ukulungiselela lubuyisela okuhlala, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa njenge amaqhekeza isimeli, ngokwamaqela leyo iyahluka ukusuka-3 mm ukuya ku-35 mm.

Ukukhethwa siswele

Phambi kokuba ukuxuba eziphathekayo, lo mlinganiselo kumele ukuba zihlolwe. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka silungiselele eziphathekayo ezaqanjwa ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba efanele ukwenza balusters, ukukhetha lokufaka, ukuba ngokukhetha umntu uba eliphakathi okanye iqhezu entle. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo ngokugcwalisa izixhobo zegadi, izinto zokuhombisa kunye amanyathelo. Banolwahlulo oluqhelekilyo ukulungiselela eziluqilima ziyenziwa ingqalelo ku-1: 3: 6, ngokumalunga nesamente, isanti kunye aggregate. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isiqingatha okanye inxalenye enye yamanzi, apho aya kumiselwa flowability ofunekayo isicombululo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukuxuba njani eziphathekayo, umyinge izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo nokwakheka bako. Ngoko ke, ukuba isanti unalo isiqulatho sokufuma ephakamileyo kunesiqhelo, kufuneka kwangaphambili-koma, njengoko kuya kuba ochukumisa ngakumbi ngokobunzima, ngaphezu koko ezifunekayo ukulungiselela kwesisombululo echanekileyo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo luhlalu.

Olinganise soqulunqo uhlobo oluthile eziphathekayo

Ukwenzela ukulungiselela eziphathekayo M100 uphawu lwe yesamente M400, kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenzise yesamente, isanti kunye nezegrabile umlinganiselo zilandelayo - 1: 4.6: 7. Kodwa ke ukwenziwa kwibakala eziphathekayo M 150 kuya kuba yimfuneko ukulungiselela zonke izinto ezifanayo, kodwa nje ubenesahlulo esahlukileyo kancinane, lo isamente ukuba isetyenziswe isixa lo awulolungu linye, lo gama i-isanti lisetyenziswa mali ka-3.5, kodwa amaqhekeza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokomlinganiselo 5.7. Kuba ekulungiseleleni M200 eziphathekayo kuya kuba yimfuneko ukulungiselela izixhobo ezidweliswe kwi-ratio ye-1: 2.8: 4.8. Ukwenzela ukulungiselela isisombululo 250 uphawu M, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela neemathiriyeli om-1: 2.1: 3.9. Ukulungiselela isisombululo M inkosi 300 uya le nkcazelo umlinganiselo we-1: 1.9: 3.7. Eziphathekayo mark M 400 ifunyenwe ukuba feedstock ezisetyenziswa elingqamene ka-1: 1.2: 2.7. Eziphathekayo uphawu M uhamba-450, xa sisebenzisa ratio 1: 1.1: 2.5.

Okufuneka amacandelo

Phambi gama axovula eziphathekayo, lo mlinganiselo kufuneka ifundwe ngenyameko. Kodwa kubalulekile nje ukuba bagcine ukulingana, kodwa kwakhona ukuthatha ingqalelo iimfuno ezisebenza kwicandelo ngalinye isicombululo. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa brand isamente M 400 endaweni M 500, emva kokuba isakhiwo Ukuqinisa ayiyi kuba namandla. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, manipulation ikhonkrithi ayikwazi ukuba bavelise kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi 16 ⁰ C. Ukuba kwavela imfuneko, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa plasticizers.

Ngaphambi baxovula izinto, enkulu eyaziwa kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo imeko izakhi ngamnye. Cement, umzekelo, kufuneka zibe free-wavela, kodwa owomileyo kuphela. Musa ukuthenga isamente, nto leyo ubunjwe lunamahlwili amhlophe okanye ukufuma eliphezulu. Akukho mfuneko yokuba uthenge imveliso ukuba akukho enombhalo. Kukhethwa ukuba ufumane isamente nje phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi, njengoko ngexesha yokugcina iyakwazi ukufumana ukufuma balahlekelwe umgangatho wabo. ixesha okunikezelwe yokufumaneka zesamente - kwiiveki ezi-2 phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi.

Iimfuno esantini

Ukuba ucinga phezu umbuzo indlela axove kakuhle olinganise eziphathekayo ukulungiselela bayo bangonakala sibonile ngentla apha. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo umgangatho kwentlabathi, nto leyo iza kusetyenziswa kulo msebenzi. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinokwakheka kuka akukhetha ukwenza isicelo ngokwamaqela nanjengentlabathi iyahluka ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 5 mm. Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise ubungakanani uniform isanti, ukwakhiwa kwayo kufuneka ibe akukho ukungcola. Qaphela ukuba esantini kwakungekho lwenkunkuma yokwakha nesivuno iintsalela. Ubukho zonke ezi macandelo enokuba nempembelelo umgangatho eziphathekayo. Xa sele sifundile, koko ibathwana ukuxuba eziphathekayo, unako uqalise ukusebenza. Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba ukusebenzisa izixhobo azivavanywanga umgangatho. Ngenxa yoko, ukuthembeka kwentlabathi ekukhethwa wadlula ngesihlungulo. Kuyanconywa ukuba ezikumgangatho ophezulu ikhonkrithi kusetyenziswa isanti umlambo, nangona ukuba kuyabiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa abo babelinqula bevala.

fillers

Ukuba unexhala ukuxuba njani eziphathekayo, umyinge kwetafile ukuze ubone. Kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele kwakhona umgangatho lokubolekwa. Bona adlulisela amandla ikhonkrithi emva ephilisa. Ngoko ke, musa ukusebenzisa rhoqo okanye ulwandle iingqalutye, nto leyo iba kumphezulu anencasa akuqinisekisi ukubambelela kunye nesisombululo. Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise indawo umbandela uye yobume obuqhekekileyo beziko. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, esetyenziselwa kumalungiselelo eziphathekayo, ibloko eziphathekayo, Esiqinileyo ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye enobunzima eliphantsi. Ukukhetha igrabile iqhekeza kufuneka kukhokelwa uluhlu mm 8 ukuya 35. izinto ezinkulu noqhekeko zisetyenziswa zemveliso, leyo kunqabile kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, naye, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba fillers kufuneka ibe mali incinane inclusions nendaba zodaka. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, kufuneka ukukhulula izinto ekrwada ukusuka ubutyobo amazwe. Kubalulekile ukukhetha lokufaka, nto leyo iba umphezulu abahlukunyezwa ubuninzi. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu iklatshi.

izakhi ezongezelelweyo

Ukuba ucinga ukuba mix eziphathekayo kwindawo Umxhubi eziphathekayo, olinganise echazwe ngentla ukuze isetyenziswe nguwe. Kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele kuphela ubudlelwane kodwa imfuno kwicandelo olongezelelweyo. Ikalika zingahlukaniswa phakathi kwabo. On kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Oku kusetyenziswa xa elisetyenziswa umxube wamanzi esemgangathweni. Kufuneka zicoceke, kufuneka ungabi inclusions ngohlobo asidi kunye alkalis kuyo. Yokuba akwamkelekanga ukusebenzisa ekrwada okanye emlanjeni, amanzi echibini. Water efanelekileyo nokusela, ingasetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni eziphathekayo.

kwezithako

Ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuba ukwenza izinto lula ingqokelela, ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo wokuxuba ubume kwekalika. Emva ngokubeka umxube kulungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kuba iya kuba lula ukuba ezigudileyo kumphezulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba lime uyakwazi ukuthintela isamente kunye lokufaka, nto leyo uqulathwe ekwakhiweni, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakhulu amandla. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kwekalika okanye hayi, kufuneka isigqibo inkosi. Musa ukucinga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, akukho mfuneko ukucima ngokwabo. Endaweni yoko, ungasebenzisa ready- islaked ethengiswa ezivenkileni zezixhobo zokwakha.

Ekuphetheni

Phambi kokuba ukuxuba eziphathekayo, olinganise (bona musa ayashiyana Umxhubi) kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo. Oku kuya kunika eziphathekayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, emva Ukuqinisa luphawulwa iyahlala eliphezulu.