Isinqandi kwinkqubo zokufudumeza indlu yelizwe: Kukuphi na okulunge ngakumbi, nobubi

Xa ngendima njengesipholisi kwinkqubo ye ubilisa izindlu abucala, njengokuba umthetho, kusetyenziswa amanzi, kodwa ezi iinjongo kusetyenziswa kunye nokubanda. Ngaphambi elandelayo obu bugcisa, simele ukubuza ukuba kutheni kuyimfuneko ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, nendlela yokukhetha ukuze inkqubo ukufudumeza.

Izinto eziluncedo ukusebenzisa emelana

Njengoko njengesipholisi jikelele ukufudumeza ixesha elide kusetyenziswa amanzi kuphela. Oku kungenxa iimpawu zayo physico-imichiza, kuquka nesikhundla ezithile, nto leyo 4,169 kJ / kg. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuthi umda ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi njengesipholisi indima jikelele. Phakathi kwabo sinokubalaselisa ingongoma ukuba iqondo lobushushu utshintsho kwento ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimo eqinileyo 0 degrees. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le qhwa of umthamo wamanzi linyuke nama-10%, ngokuqinisekileyo kube ngunobangela umonakalo kwinethiwekhi, leyo phambi amazinyo ulwelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto xa okuba yeemeko ezichazwe ngasentla isetyenziswa isinqandi ukwenzela inkqubo ukufudumeza indlu lizwe, nto leyo iba iipropati bhetyebhetye.

ukusebenza ngokukuko eliphezulu inganikezelwa ukwenzela ukuba eyona ndawo ngasentla isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo kufudumeze umoya. Kule meko ke akukho umbuzo olwelo ezifana ethyl utywala, i-oyile sombane okanye zinendlela ngomatshini. Ukukhetha isinqandi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kufuneka ukhuseleko ngokwemigaqo ucinezelo kunokwenzeka kunye Ukungabinakutsha. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukho ezinye iintsilelo, ezo nemimiselo kwindawo echazwe. Isinqandi kufuneka modem umphezulu metal emva intsebenziswano kunye nayo.

Iintlobo zinendlela for iinkqubo zokufudumeza

Ukuba ufuna isinqandi kwinkqubo ubushushu indlu yelizwe, ngoko ke kufuneka ukwazi malunga iimpawu eekhemikhali kweziyobisi. It wadalwa ngokusekelwe izisombululo zolwelo of propylene ethers kunye ethylene ethers. Le iikhompawundi ngendlela esulungekileyo akalawuleki ngokwaneleyo ukuyisebenzisa kwabo ukufudumeza. Kodwa kukho ongeziweyo ezikhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukukhusela ngokuchasene ukubonakala amagwebu, umhlwa, isikali, kwakunye umonakalo kwemithambo kunye nezinto ngamnye kwi network.

Ezi nezongezelelo ukuphucula uzinzo thermal, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe kuluhlu lobushushu ukusuka degrees -70 ukuya +110. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukungabikho ukuthotywa thermal ngisho uhla lobushushu degrees +165 ukuya +175. Kufuneka bakhethwe zinendlela enjalo kwinkqubo ubushushu indlu lizwe, ngoko ke i modem ayisebenzi iplastiki, irabha kunye elastomers.

Xa ukukhetha ethylene ethers emelana

Isinqandi, abenzi iindlela zam eRashiya, yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ukufudumeza. izinto ezifana zimelwe kakuhle kwimarike impahla mihla, zisekelwe ethylene ethers. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungakhetha ngokwakho enye ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, iyeza ngumkhenkce ngama -30 okanye -65. Ukuba sifunxe nenkqubo nokubanda, kufuneka ulungiselele ekuqaleni isisombululo. Ukuze wenze oku, yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano izinto ngamanzi. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina, kufuneka ukhethe ethylene ukubunjwa, ekubeni iyahluka iindleko encinane.

zinendlela enjalo kwinkqubo zokufudumeza indlu lizwe ethile ebalulekileyo, nto leyo lubonakaliswa yokudla. kulimala Material kungabangela xa bephefumla umsi okanye nesikhumba. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba idosi ebulalayo ukwimo for oluntu alinganayo volume elilingana ml 250. Le ethile amagunya ukusetyenziswa nokubanda ngokusekelwe ethylene ethers kwi networks zokufudumeza yesekethe-mbini. Bona banakho ukungena wesekethe njengesipholisi kuba amanzi shushu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto na inkqubo-yesekethe kuphela kuphela. Kuba ukhuseleko transfer ubushushu medium elinombala ngombala obomvu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ukuchonga iindawo ezivuzayo bakhe.

Xa ukukhetha emelana propylene ethers

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nokubanda, unako ukuhlawula ingqalelo iintlobo propylene ethers. Bavele ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela ngokukhawuleza zaye zasasazeka ngenxa yokuba ezahlukeneyo ezingezo-ityhefu. Njengoko iadvanteji, ungakhetha i balo epheleleyo. Olu phawu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iinkqubo ezimbini. data Namhlanje coolants ingafunyanwa kwi kurhwebo lwasekhaya, kunye nemiyalelo ivumela ukuzigcina kubushushu degrees -35.

Ukwenzela ukuba kube nokuqatshelwa enjalo anti-ngumkhenkce, ezenziwe propylene ethers, ukupeyinta kubo eluhlaza. Ukhangela kwi ukuthengisa isinqandi imibala eyahlukeneyo, unako ukuhlawula ingqalelo kulowo echazwe apha ngasentla. Njengoko uncedo nga bodwa kwaye nkqu izenzo ethers propylene evunyiweyo additive ukutya. Oku kunokubonwa iimveliso confectionery njengearhente ekhuthaza nokugcinwa ukufuma, okuthambisa arhente nokusasazeka.

Xa ukukhetha triethylene ethers emelana

Ukuba uvusa umbuzo ukuba ugalele isinqandi, ukuba iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza kufika kumgomo 180, ungasebenzisa umbandela ezenziwe ngokusekelwe kwi TEG. Bona ebonakala ngamazinga aphezulu uzinzo thermal.

Kodwa ezi coolants ngeke ngokuba imveliso elungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa jikelele. Amaninzi, ezi izinto zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezizodwa apho radiators isinqandi eyenzelwe zokumiswa iqondo lobushushu.

Iingcebiso malunga nokukhethwa njengesipholisi

Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha i best anti-ngumkhenkce, kucetyiswa ukuba nokujongisisa ulwazi oluthiwe thaca kule nqaku. Phambi kokuba kuqhutyelwe phambili into pumpable kwinkqubo ubushushu, kubalulekile ukufunda iimpawu wobushushu kwezisombululo, ezo zisekelwe ethylene ethers. Iinkalo eziphambili kwezo ezaqanjwa zezona ethers ethylene kunye namanzi, apho iziyobisi uqulathwe kwi 95%.

Le izinto ezisaseleyo data of ulwelo - nto kudla ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha up isinqandi oza kuba iipropati ezithile emzimbeni imichiza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga umlinganiselo wamanzi kunye ethylene ethers. Ezi parameters zimbini limisele viscosity, ingongoma abilayo, qhwa, conductivity thermal, ubushushu ezithile kunye nomthamo ukwanda.

Izinto eziluncedo ukusebenzisa emelana kunye nezongezelelo

iimpawu ngamanye uhlobo oluthile anti-ngumkhenkce additive iphakheji igqiba. Ukusuka kwezi macandelo kuya kubaluleka mpawu zilandelayo: iindleko, anti-cavitation, ngokwemigaqo-ofisi, kunye anticorrosion. Eyona njongo iphambili xa usebenzisa isinqandi additive izenzo ukhuselo zesinyithi kwiinkqubo entsimbini. Uphando lubonisa ukuba okwaziyo additive yokunciphisa umhlwa kwemiphezulu zangaphakathi amaxesha ukuya ku-100. Rust umaleko oluthi luqokelelane ezindongeni angaphakathi radiators kunye imibhobho, uye conductivity kakuhle gqitha thermal, sisiphinda-50 ngaphantsi onika ngentsimbi. Ngenxa yoko, umhlwa lisebenza yokwambathisa ubushushu.

Ngenxa njengokuzibuza bako tapered sayo engaphakathi ityhubhu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iiflowu ukunyuka ukumelana, kwaye isantya intshukumo njengesipholisi kwinkqubo ezisendleleni kunciphisa. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni iindleko zamandla. kwisiphumo amasuntswana umhlwa kwi njengesipholisi ube unobangela depressurization ethwele circulators. Bona ucingo imiphantsi sokufudumeza umzimba neziqalelo boilers. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzisi lijongene umonakalo iziqalelo lweenkqubo zokufudumeza.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezithako ukukhusela inkqubo intsimbi kunye nokuzifudumeza ngumonakalo umhlwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ubomi eziqalelo data kangangeminyaka eli-15. Ukuba sisombululo isinqandi kusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe ethylene ethers, propylene ethers okanye ngaphandle ongeziweyo, oku kungabangela iilahleko ezinkulu ngokoMthetho kwezoqoqosho, ingakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne iindleko yempahla kudla.

Bendlela ngokusebenzisa emelana

Xa isigqibo ukuzalisa inkqubo ubushushu, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba imfuneko ukugcina ekucetyiswa uluhlu ubushushu xa usebenzisa njengesipholisi ezichazwe. Ngaphandle isiseko anti-ngumkhenkce awehlelwa ukuba nobushushu. Iqondo kunokubangela intshabalalo eso sakhiwo. Umyinge lokubila ondoqo kuluhlu ukusuka izidanga-106 ukuya kwi-116. I tag ethile iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni yimalini yokuqamba exutywe ngamanzi ngexesha lokulungiselela okokuqala ukusebenza.

Kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba nobushushu elinqatyisiweyo isinqandi kunokukhokelela ukwahlukana ongeziweyo anti-umhlwa. Emva koko, njengokuba umthetho, ukuba ibolile uyipheke-off glycols leyo yenze iikhompawundi emuncu. Kwi imiphezulu engaphakathi element zokufudumeza uqala ukufaka ke uthuthu, leyo kakubi ichaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle yonke le yunithi. Isinqandi, apho review alusoloko HIV kuphela, ingasetyenziswa ukuthintela ingozi enjalo. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka ukuba siqinisekise ukujikeleza oluncediswayo, leyo ishenxisa ithuba njengesipholisi nobushushu.

Ukongezelela, sinako azibandakanyi olupheleleyo izifudumezi isinqandi ezithintela nobushushu. Okubalulekileyo, i zililo ethile yokusebenza ezihlobene ne enesakhono eliphantsi ubushushu, conductivity thermal, kunye viscosity ochukumisa ngakumbi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ngokukhetha nempompo ejikeleza nemveliso kunye radiators.

nobubi ezongezelelweyo

Nayiphi isinqandi ngokulula ndafumana ezivuzayo zincinane neentanda, yaye ngaloo ndlela uya kuba evuzayo. Ngenxa yokuba kule isisombululo esiphakathi ukudumba zamanzi gasket shwaka kwezi nkalo iya kuba wachuba iindawo kuyilwa. Isizathu apha le ezincinci ngengxabano komhlaba. Ukuba ufuna ukuphelisa le nquleqhu nje, kufuneka ukuba nsinya udibaniso. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba izenzo ezinjalo ziza kufuneka uphindaphindwe amaxesha amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela kuphela kuya kuba lula ukuphucula inkqubo uphawu.

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi xa kucingwa ingongoma ethylene ethers kungenziwa oxidized ngokudibana kunye nomoya. Ngenxa yokwanda inkqubo ubushushu igcwala medium kwandiswa amaxesha-2 kuphela leminyaka lesikali lobushushu nganye. Ngoko sinokulindela imeko aqhelekileyo ichazwe ngasentla. Iimveliso igcwala iza kuba negalelo kusengelo kwezithako, nto leyo iza kukhawulezisa inkqubo umhlwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo, kuquka neetanki ukwanda.

Ukukhetha umenzi anti-ngumkhenkce

Ukuba ucinga abenzi isinqandi kufuneka kwakhona ibe nomdla. abasebenzisi Russian bavame ukhetha imveliso wokwenziwa yangaphakathi, ekubeni iye iindleko ezingabizi kakhulu. Phakathi ziinkampani ixhaphakileyo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka "ukufudumeza indlu", "Spektroplast", Hot Blood, ngokunjalo Dixis.

Kodwa imizekelo amazwe nomthengi ngokufuthi wala ngenxa ixabiso umxhelo. Kwiimeko ezininzi isiseko nokubanda na ethylene ethers, iimpawu apho uchazwe apha ngasentla. Le into kuya kufuneka ukuba exutywe namanzi lobushushu qhwa ezinqwenelekayo. Kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele kuphela ixabiso eliphezulu kwimveliso, kodwa ethile yayo inkulu, nto leyo lubonakaliswa yokudla.

Izindululo zokusetyenziswa

Ukuba unomdla umbuzo ukuba yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano i isinqandi kukugxininisa degrees -65 kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba mix-60% njengesipholisi ne-40% yamanzi. Oku ubushushu yingqele degrees 25. utshintsho Umlinganiselo ukuya kuma-54% emelana ne-46% yamanzi ukufumana lobushushu neGauteng kuluhlu -20 degrees.

Ukuze ukwazi nokubanda kangakanani kule nkqubo, kufuneka sidibanise 90% ye mba ne-10% yamanzi, iza kubonelela qhwa degrees -25, okuyinene izidanga isinqandi mxube -30. Ukusebenzisa lo mxube efanayo, kodwa afumane ubushushu neGauteng kuluhlu degrees -20 kuya kufuneka ukuxuba-20% yamanzi ne-80% njengesipholisi.

Price zinendlela

abasebenzisi abaninzi badla wabuza lo mbuzo, zinendlela kangakanani. Into yokuqala ukukhumbula ukuba umthamo wesikhongozeli kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, isinqandi kwibakala PRIMOCLIMA ANTIFROST, olusekelwe phezu glycerin, iya kuxabisa 690 engange-10 kg. Osisiqu esinye umenzi efanayo, kodwa enziwe kwisiseko ethylene ethers, kwaye iya kuhlawula imali engange-1,400 nganye-20 kg.

isiphelo

Emva kokuba uyazi nokubanda kangakanani, ungaya evenkileni ukuqinisekisa ukuba bathenge njengesipholisi, eya kusebenza ixesha elide. Le ngongoma, ngokuzenzekelayo, kwakhona zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kokuba uthenge, kuba oko ndimele ngalo mbandela. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ubume kufuneka ekhuselekileyo, oko uya kakhulu ubomi isiqalelo ngasinye kwenkqubo ubushushu.