Isakhiwo nomsebenzi yebhinqa

Le posa, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi eza kuxoxwa kamva, iyingxenye le nkqubo yonyango. It isabelo 3 zidityanisiwe. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba yintoni na imisebenzi posa obuchopho. Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, kukho izinto ngakumbi. Ngokukodwa, itafile. umsebenzi yebhinqa echazwe kancinane.

kwegazi

Njengoko ingqondo yebhinqa kuxhaswa? Umsebenzi, unyango ukuphazamiseka, umsebenzi sitho ngokubanzi kumiselwa ngurhulumente nokuhamba kwegazi. Ezinye iimpawu igazi organ ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi nempembelelo tsotsololo ummiselo umsebenzi wayo.

Amasebe carotid (ngaphakathi) Umthambo kunye isangqa Willis kwasekwa amajelo kumzimba ongentla nengasezantsi. Iifom yokuqala uthungelwano capillary enamandla kakuhle kummandla ubuhandiba udibaniso le ngxenye. Hlangana ukwenza uthotho iimpahla portal emthanjeni elide. Zehlela kwi adenohypophysis kwaye zilungile yefom kwi nomhlehlo plexus emithanjeni sobuKristu sinusoidal. Ngenxa yoko, kule nxalenye umzimba igazi ngqo angekhoyo. Igazi sidla kuwo ukusuka ubuhandiba median ngokusebenzisa inkqubo portal. Ezi mpawu zibaluleke kakhulu lokulawula umsebenzi ngamnye yebhinqa sobuKristu. Oku kungenxa yokuba axons kwizisele neurosecretory le ngxenye kummandla ubuhandiba udibaniso kwasekwa aksovazalnye abafowunelwa.

Neurosecretion kunye peptides ngabo izitya esangweni engena adenohypophysis. isebe umzimba diff ifumana igazi evela imithambo asezantsi. Le adenohypophysis yaphawula iphezulu ngamandla ngoku, lo gama kumgangatho iphezulu kakhulu ezininzi kwezinye iithishu.

iimpahla lwemithambo kwi nomhlehlo sobuKristu iquka venules angasemva. Nencindi esuka organ oluqhutywa sinus cavernous lwemithambo iqokobhe nzima, uze emva koko - inethiwekhi eqhelekileyo. Umqulu olukhulu lihamba kwegazi retrograde ukuya ukuvelela udibaniso. Oku kubalulekile xa usebenza iindlela ingxelo phakathi ngxenye kunye posa. innervation elalivelana imithambo yegazi ikhutshwa phandle kwimicu postganglionic ngokwandisa ecaleni network olujikeleza.

Posa: isakhiwo kunye umsebenzi (ngokufutshane)

Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, kweli isebe liye amaqela amathathu. Le phambi kuthiwa yebhinqa sobuKristu. Ngokweempawu morphological, eli candelo i imvelaphi ingaba epithelial. Iqulethe iintlobo ezininzi iiseli yonyango.

Ngomva lobe ebizwa neurohypophysis. Oku kuyilwa ngexesha embryogenesis njenge ewayo yobuchopho ventral lubonakala efanayo kunye nayo imvelaphi neuroectodermal. Xa ngomva inxalenye pituitsidy ndawonye - iiseli edibanise-emile kunye axons zemithambo hypothalamic.

iqhekeza esiPhakathi (efana ngaphambili) na imvelaphi epithelial. Eli sebe phantse ndingekho ebantwini, kodwa ichazwe kakhulu ngokucacileyo, umzekelo, iimpuku, iinkomo kunye yinyongo ezincinane. lobe eliphakathi komsebenzi umntu owenza inani elincinane iqela leseli inxalenye ngaphambili kwicandelo ngasemva, esebenza kunye embryological ezinxulumene cipande yebhinqa. Okulandelayo, cinga iindawo ezichazwe ngasentla ngokwenkcukacha.

production hormone

Ngokokwakheka iiseli yebhinqa sobuKristu lubonisa iindidi ezisibhozo, abahlanu leyo ezendeleyo umsebenzi secretory. Ezi zinto zibandakanya, ngokukodwa:

• Somatotrofy. Ngayo izinto acidophilus ebomvu kunye granules entle. Iveza hormone.
• Laktotrofy. Le miba acidophilus ezimthubi granules ezinkulu. Iveza prolactin.
• basophil Tireotrofy. Ezi seli ukuvelisa hormone lengqula-inkanuko.
• Gonadotrofy basophil. Ezi zinto bavelisa LH kunye FSH (gonadotropins: follicle oluvuselela kunye iihomoni luteinizing).
• basophil Kortikotrofy. Ezi izinto eziveliswe adrenocorticotropic hormone corticotropin. Kananjalo apha, njengokuba kwi iziqalelo candelo esiphakathi, melanotropin ibunjiwe beta-endorphin. Ezi zinto zivela iikhompawundi siphu- iimolekyuli lipotropinovyh.

corticotropin

It yimveliso cleavage of proopiomelanocortin glycoprotein enkulu ngokwaneleyo oluthi luqokelelane kortikotrofami basophilic. Le compound protein yahlulwe ezimbini. Eyesibini - lipotropin - ukwahlula ngaphandle kwaye unika melanotropin peptide endorphin. Oku kubalulekile umsebenzi antipain (antinociceptive) inkqubo kunye iihomoni adenohypophyseal isizukulwana kwezwi.

imiphumela bokuphila of corticotropin

Zahlula-hlulwe extraadrenal kunye adrenal. Lwakutsha nje ingqalelo enkulu. Phantsi yesenzo corticotropin ukwanda Yindibanisela hormone. Xa kukho agqithisile hyperplasia kunye hypertrophy le uthinte adrenal. isenzo Extraadrenal kuboniswa ziphumo zilandelayo:

• Ukwandisa imveliso hormone okukhula kunye insulin.
• ukusebenza Lipolytic kwi izihlunu adipose.
• Hypoglycemia ngenxa nokukhuthaza insulin secretion.
• Ukwanda yokulahlwa kwe-bala lintsundu hyperpigmentation ngenxa ubudlelwane kwamadlala kwemolekyuli kunye melanotropin.

Xa corticotropin kwemfuneko ephawulwe uphuhliso Cushing wahamba ukwanda kuluncedo kwi cortisol kwi adrenal. Le ngezifo kuthiwa yebhinqa Cushing kaThixo. umsebenzi yebhinqa Ukuncipha kudale ukungabi glucocorticoids. Oko kukhatshwa shifts pathways yabonisa nomlinganiswa kunye ukonakala yokumelana yemeko ezisingqongileyo.

Gonadotropic yebhinqa umsebenzi

Uphuhliso iikhompawundi ezithile ukusuka kwiseli zithutha imijikelo ezahlukeneyo awathethi amadoda kwanabafazi. Yebhinqa umsebenzi ukusebenza kulo mzekelo yi inkqubo adenylate cyclase-Camp. impembelelo zazo eziphambili ijolise amacandelo ngokwesini. Intshukumo ayiphelelanga ekubeni kusekwe kwaye secretion ka emzimbeni, kodwa ke umsebenzi amatyhalarha kunye amaqanda ngokuzibophelela kwi receptors cellular follitropin follicle ekwakuphila. Oku kukhokelela nempembelelo ecacileyo morphogenetic, esizibonakalisa ngohlobo lokukhula of zoboya kwi isizalo kunye neeseli granulosa proliferation kwabasetyhini, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa amatyhalarha, spermatogenesis, kwaye banzi iiseli Sertoli kumadoda.

Ngexesha imveliso hormone alale follitropin baphawula isiphumo abangabancedani kuphela. Ngenxa isakhiwo secretory ukuba balungele umsebenzi lutropin. Ngaphezu koko, kwenza enzymes biosynthesis steroid. Lutropin ekwenyukeni ovulation nophuhliso ovarian corpus luteum, kunye namasende ezakhayo ukusebenza ngomhla iiseli Leydinga. Yena ingqalelo imfundo engundoqo steroid sokuvumela androgen, dlala kunye estrogen. uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo gonads kunye nokuveliswa steroid ezibonelelwa yi sisenzo ihambelana of lutropin kunye follitropin. Kulo mba, amathuba amaninzi zidityaniswa phantsi isiqu "gonadotropins" jikelele.

Thyrotropin: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Secretion kwale hormone glycoprotein lwenziwa rhoqo nge ukuhla ngokwaneleyo elibukhali imini yonke. ubuninzi Ayithandi waphawula kwiiyure ezandulela ubuthongo. Lo mmiselo lwenziwa yi umsebenzi intsebenziswano ye yebhinqa kunye ndlala namadlala. Thyrotropin secretion kwandisa tetraiodothyronine kunye triiodothyronine. ingxelo Ivaliwe njengoko kwinqanaba le ngxenye kunye yebhinqa umsebenzi ngenxa. Kwimeko yokugqibela sithetha malunga kwezithandani ka TSH. Kwakhona azikhuli phantsi secretion of glucocorticoids. Ukuveliswa kwandisa TSH screen kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo lobushushu ephakamileyo emzimbeni. Izinto ezifana zomzimba, iintlungu okanye ukwenzakala, zinqanda secretion.

Impembelelo thyrotropin

Le hormone ekwaziyo nobudlelwane receptor ethile kule ndlala iiseli follicular enze ngayo metabolic. Thyrotropin negalelo ukuze utshintshe zonke iintlobo ukutya, ekukhawuleziseni ukuphunyezwa ayodini capture steroid kunye kuyondelelaniswe yendlala thyroglobulin. Ukunyuka ihomoni secretion kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza haydrolisis of thyroglobulin.

ukunyuka ubunzima bomzimba Thyrotropin ngenxa yokwanda RNA neprotheyini yokuqaphela. Hormone abonakalisa isenzo vnetireoidnoe. Kubonisa imveliso nangakumbi glycosaminoglycans kakhulu eluswini, izicwili ongama kunye zaorbitalnoy. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala emzimbeni, umzekelo, nxamnye Iodine. secretion ngokugqithisileyo TSH goitre, obubonakala lengqula hyperfunction ukwanda lengqula isiqulatho steroid (hyperthyroidism), exophthalmos (pucheglazija). Yonke le kuthiwa ngokuba sisifo Graves '.

somatotropin

Le hormone iveliswa rhoqo nge Ungqabhuko umzuzu 20-30 kwiiseli adenogipofizarnyh. secretion kolu somatostatin kunye somatoliberin kwenziwa (neuropeptides hypothalamic). Ukwanda imveliso hormone waphawula xa ulele, ingakumbi xa zisaqala.

imiphumela bokuphila

Bona enxulumene neempembelelo hormone lilifa iinkqubo metabolic. Inkoliso yeziphumo komzimba esingeneleiwe yi ezithile izinto humoral, ithambo nesibindi. Ewe kuthiwa somatomedins. Kwimeko ephula posa ngohlobo eyandileyo yaye wayolula secretion elo hormone yeemeko humoral kwi intlala isaqhubeka. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho kwi lipid kunye carbohydrate ukutya waphawula. Ngenxa yoko, hormone ukukhula ivuselele hyperglycemia ngenxa ukubola wesibindi glycogen kwezihlunu, kunye inhibition zokulahla glucose zomzimba. Ngenxa kule hormone kwandisa insulin secretion. Kwangaxeshanye, hormone ukukhula lukwakhuthaza insulinase lusebenze.

Uthe enzyme wenza deleteriously kwi insulin, amqumbisa uxhathiso kuyo kwizihlunu. Le ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo engabangela kuqala seswekile (diabetes).

umsebenzi yebhinqa ifakwe nethe of lipids. Kukho ebhexeshayo (zibhuqe) isiphumo hormone kwi kwimiphumo glucocorticoids kunye catecholamines. Ekugqibeleni kwavusa lipolysis yethishyu adipose, anda ezamahala okunamafutha acid egazini, kukho ukwakheka ngokugqithisileyo imizimba ketone esibindini kunye nokungena kwayo.

ukumelana insulin kungenziwa ezinxulumene ukuphazamiseka ezichazwe zhirovgo exchange. Kwimeko zokugxojwa ingqondo yebhinqa, leyo ichazwa secretion ngokugqithisileyo hormone, ukuba kuziveza kwabantwana abancinane, eziphuhliswe gigantism kunye kumiswa inxenye komboko omzimba. In kwabagqibeleleyo neni ngaxeshanye kukho icandelo okukhulayo ukukhula epiphyseal amathambo skeletal, iindawo kwamathambo ayiphelelanga. Le nkqubo ibizwa acromegaly. Xa ukukhula hormone intswelo naso dwarfism uhlobo mzekelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yebhinqa kwentlala. Abantu abanjalo kuthiwe Lilliputians.

prolactin

Lo ngomnye weyona hormone ibalulekileyo ukuba ingqondo yebhinqa uvelisa. Imisebenzi emzimbeni uthe steroid owenza eyahlukileyo. Isikakhulu ichaphazela le ndlala mammary. Ukongeza, ixhasa hormone umsebenzi secretory le corpus luteum kunye yiprogesterone nemveliso. Prolactin libandakanyeka ummiselo ukutya ngamanzi netyuwa, ukunciphisa kukhuthaza amanzi kunye electrolytes, lukwakhuthaza ukukhula kunye nophuhliso enyama yangaphakathi, oko kukhuthaza lokusekwa ithuku koomama. Further yokukhulisa hormone siqaqambisa iproteni Yindibanisela amanqatha kwisabelo carbohydrate esibangela inzuzo ubunzima kokubeleka.

Yangasemva kwaye amacandelo esiPhakathi: inkcazelo emfutshane

Neurohypophysis lenza becala ngemali umsebenzi. Kweli sebe kwakhona secreted neurohormones paraventricular kunye nuclei supraoptic kule ngxenye - yioxytocin kunye vasopressin.

Njengoko ngokwahlulwa esiphakathi, kukho usenziwa melanotropin. Le hormone kuhlelwe bala lintsundu kwandisa isixa mbala yamahala sangaphandle, uqinisa ulusu neenwele umbala. Melanotropin wenza umsebenzi kweenkqubo neurochemical peptide ebuchotsheni kwimemori.

Ekuphetheni

Uluhlu "Function pituitary" zimelwe ngezantsi ikuvumela ishwankathelwe njengoko imisebenzi kuxoxwa ilungu ngokujonga umsebenzi imichiza ekhutshwa ngazo.