Irhasi ye-shale - umthombo wamandla kunye neengxaki

Irhasi yenkumnkum luhlobo yerhasi yendalo, nto ndiyibhalayo ubukhulu becala methane kwaye ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo shales.

Shale ebizwa ukusonga lamanqanaba ezininzi zifana kuya izimbiwa ephantsi-lobushushu (chlorite, sericite, actinolite, muscovite et al.).

Ezi rocks ukukwazi iimpawu ngokulula yahlulwe yaba zizixwexwe ezicekethekileyo ezenza isithuba (abaqokeleli) phakathi apho oluhlala irhasi ye-shale.

abaqokeleli ngamnye bengengabo zolondolozo igesi sisityebi, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba zanele ukuba aququzelele imveliso yorhwebo.

iidipozithi shale afumaneka kwilizwekazi ngalinye, ukuba ilizwe unokwenza naluphi na non-eguquguqukayo, ukubonelela izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

Nezokukhupha yale ndleko igesi iphezulu ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni ukuba enxulumene kuvulwe kwiindawo ezinkulu, esebenzisa ubugcisa ihydraulic fracturing (ichibi hydraulic) kunye amaqula zochuku mingxuma elide amanani amakhulu, ukudala kuzo sibange xa efaka igesi.

negesi

Ukuveliswa lokuqala yorhwebo yerhasi ukusuka iidipozithi shale eUnited States baye benza.

Kamva ngcono nobuchwepheshe, edibanisa kunokwembiwa ethe nkqo nethe tyaba, leyo kunciphisa iindleko igesi.

Namhlanje gas shale ziveliswa yokuphumeza kunokwembiwa amaqula nkqo okanye zilaliswe usebenzisa multiotvodov kwi kubunzulu efanayo namaqula multistage (ethe tye) ngamashishini ukuya ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu.

Technology inikezela shale imithombo isitofu igesi kumbiwe ngumxube amanzi, isanti kunye namachiza. ihamile Water kwenzeka, leyo uyazifohloza iindonga ichibi igesi, nto leyo evumela ukumpompa nomphezulu lonke igesi ekhoyo.

technology ukubhola oxwesileyo usebenzisa ubuchule 3DGEO ucikizeko ezintsha wenyikima, okuhlanganisa kwemfundo zejoloji kunye yemephu processing yekhompyutha inkcazelo, kuquka nokuthelekelela.

ukubhola kakuhle oxwesileyo kufuneka wenziwe malunga ngokungqongqo kuyo yonke imithetho, umzekelo, kunokwembiwa engile oluchanekileyo kufuneka ukutshatisa engile utyekelo ukuyilwa shale.

Shale gas yorhwebo

Iindleko zokuvelisa igesi bubonwa izikhombisi ezinjalo:

- umxholo kwentlabathi nzima ngodongwe, onako lokunciphisa amandla ezinjengokwaphuka, nto leyo eyandisa isixa lweekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kunye nefuthe cost;

- sulphur dioxide (izinga elisezantsi ukubandakanywa igesi sulphur dioxide kwandisa izinga ekuphunyezweni);

- Umxholo kerogen;

- iindleko kwezemveliso shales lalingqingqwa kwaye thermally onamandla ngoweqela Paleozoic kunye nexesha Mesozoic;

- ebonisa imixholo dust (ephakamileyo oko kukuthi, i-shale brittle ngakumbi kwaye ukwehlisa iindleko).

iingenelo production

- nophuhliso iidipozithi shale usebenzisa kwerhasi yendalo mazenziwe kwiindawo ezinabantu;

- emasimini gesi proximity shale ukuphelisa abasebenzisi;

- imveliso ihamba ngaphandle kokukhutshwa greenhouse gases.

ukushiyeka

- ngobugcisa hydraulic kufuneka izixa ezikhulu yentsimi kufuphi namanzi, kulwelo iyasuleleka kwaye kunzima ukuba ilahlwe;

- imithombo shale mancinane esiluqilima ukusetyenziswa ngaphezu eqhelekileyo;

- yamba amaqula ukunciphisa izinga flow ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - ngu 30-40% ngonyaka ngamnye;

- ukuba luthathe irhasi ye-shale, usebenzisa malunga nama-85 ezinetyhefu, nangona amanani ngqo ziyimfihlo;

- indlela nezokukhupha igesi methane ilahlekile kakhulu, nto leyo eyandisa effect ;

- inzuzo production efanelekileyo kuphela xa kukho amazinga igesi eliphezulu imfuno;

- iidipozithi yamandulo shale babe amanqanaba aphezulu gamma radiation, nto leyo eyandisa radiation background ngenxa ezinjengokwaphuka.

igesi yendalo kunye shale

Ukuba irhasi ye-shale yi iteknoloji ekhoyo ayikwazi kuba uhambelwano olugqithayo zendalo.

Noko ke, ulawulo kakuhle yokutsala igesi yendalo ephuma kwilitye elinkumnkum neoli kunokwenzeka kwiindawo gqa.