Ion sulphate: nokuzimisela umxholo emanzini nasentlabathini

ion Sulfate na iityuwa kwe-sulphuric acid esiphakathi. Uninzi ezi zihlanganisi zikhawuleze enyibilikayo emanzini. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo izinto zibe ngokwaseburhulumenteni eziqinileyo, abe umbala ukukhanya. Uninzi ion sulfate babe imvelaphi ludaka, ke of chemical zaselwandle kunye neetyuwa lacustrine.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ubume crystal lavumela anions SO42- oluhlangeneyo. Njengoko iikhompawundi ezifana ziyakwazi ukuchongeka sulfates metal divalent. Umzekelo, unako sulfate ngokudibanisa kunye ukuse- calcium, barium, kwiteksti, benza ityuwa ezingenakunyibilika. Ezi neetyuwa ke iiminerali ezikhoyo zikarhulumente simahla yendalo.

Ukuba ngamanzi

Ngaphezu koko, lo sulfate ion yenziwe xa ityuwa dissociation, ukuze ion ezinjalo eziqulethwe emanzini kumphezulu. Lo mthombo uphambili iikhompawundi ezinjalo iinkqubo eekhemikhali igcwala of sulfides nesulfure.

Kungongezwa elivayo ion sulphate ufake amadama xa babebona eziphilayo igcwala abantu zezityalo ezisentlabathini kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Ukongeza, ukuba imisele komhlaba.

Isixa esivakalayo kwaku- sulfate efunyenwe izinto ezikhutshwa kwiifektri kunye nezolimo.

Lubonakala ezisezantsi indawo ion SO42- amanzi. Kukho iindlela ezinzileyo iikhompawundi ezifana, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo kuchaphazela etyuwa amanzi okusela. Umzekelo, nemagnesium sulfate yikhompawundi ezingenakunyibilika oluhlala emanzini.

Ixabiso kumjikelo sulphur

Xa sihlalutya ion sulfate emanzini, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela ukubaluleka ukuba umjikelo opheleleyo yobume sulphur kunye nemixube yayo. Ngenxa yokuba ifuthe iintsholongwane sulfate-ukunciphisa, ngaphandle ukufikelela komoya ioksijini, kukuba ukuncitshiswa wayo emanzini kunye sulfides. Ngenxa kukho ioksijini emanzini emhlabeni yenziwa ukuguqulwa okuphindwayo ezi zinto zibe sulphates.

Phantsi isenzo iintsholongwane sulphate-kuncitshiswa engekho ioksijini bancipha sulphide kunye hydrogen sulphide. Kodwa kamsinya nje amanzi iza ioksijini zendalo, kwakhona oxidized ukuba sulfate.

Emvula SO42- ion xi yi mg 10 nganye decimetre cubic. Kuba amanzi eli nani malunga-50 mg DM ^{3 ngalinye.} Xa imithombo komhlaba isiqulatho oluninzi sulfate yi kakhulu ngaphezulu.

Kuba angaphezulu amanzi uphawu ubudlelwane phakathi xesha lonyaka kunye ipesenti ion acid sulphuric. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo oluninzi luchaphazela imisebenzi yabantu, ukunciphisa kunye neenkqubo oxidizing esivulekayo indalo.

Isiphumo kumgangatho wamanzi

Sulfates kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kumgangatho amanzi okusela. ingqalelo ukwanda kuchaphazela kakubi iimpawu organoleptic. Amanzi uba isongo, ukwanda turbidity yayo. imigangatho ephakamileyo ezi anions kuchaphazela kakubi nokomzimba emzimbeni womntu. ayikaqondwa ke iye yangena egazini ukusuka emathunjini. Phezulu lamanani Avelisa isiphumo isisu, kuphazamise iinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Kwaba wakwazi ukuseka nefuthe elibi sulfates kwi-iinwele, kuyacaphukisa ukuba inwebu kwiinwebu amehlo kunye nesikhumba. Ngenxa ingozi yokuba zimele ukuba umzimba womntu, kubalulekile ukuba ukumisela ion sulfate, ukuthatha amanyathelo ngexesha ukunciphisa izixa zabo amanzi okusela. Ngokutsho migangatho kufuneka ingadluli 500 mg nganye decimetre cubic.

Ingakumbi ukuzimisela anions emanzini

Xa izifundo laboratory isekelwe indlela esemgangathweni ukuba kwaku- sulfate kunye Trilon B. Titration yenziwa ngokwe GOST 31940-12 iseti ye SO42-. Kuba amalinge elebhu, isiqulatho enxulumene ekuchongweni anions sulfate kwi amanzi okusela kunye nenkunkuma amanzi, ukulungiselela izisombululo ze barium chloride kwi xi kwangaphambili (0.025 Mol, DM ^3). Ukongeza, uhlalutyo ufuna izisombululo: iityuwa wemagniziyam, ammonium buffer, Trilon B, nitrate zesilivere, Isalathisi eryochrom T emnyama.

I algorithm kuhlalutyo

Laboratory usebenzisa igutyana etsobhileyo ukuba umthamo malunga 250 ml. Yenziwe ngu pipetting ml 10 kwesisombululo wemagniziyam ityuwa. Ngaphezu koko, le iselwa zihlalutywe kongezwa 90 ml amanzi Yek, 5 ml isisombululo ammonia buffer, amathontsi ambalwa ngesalathisi, titration lwenziwa usebenzisa nesisombululo EDTA disodium yetyuwa. Le nkqubo yenziwa de kukho utshintsho umbala oluhlaza kunye ebomvu nemfusa nebomvu.

Okulandelayo, ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani EDTA isisombululo disodium ityuwa, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze titration. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo enokuthenjwa, kungakuhle ukuphinda le nkqubo amaxesha ama-3-4. Ukusebenzisa ngumlingani elungisiwe, ubalo lwenziwa isiqulatho ubungakanani anions sulfate.

Iimpawu kulungiselelwa leesampulu zahlalutywa titration

Ezimiliselweyo uhlalutyo ngaxeshanye kwiisampuli ababini ukuba umthamo ml 100. Kuyimfuneko ukuba igutyana etsobhileyo, ibalwe ngamnye ml 250. Kwimeko nganye wabo ilebhu 100 ml kuhlalutyo lwesampulu. Babhala wongezelela 2-3 ngamathontsi zehydrochloric acid kanzulu, 25 ml barium chloride, wabeka iselwa kwindawo waterbath. Ukufudumeza lwaqhutywa imizuzu eli-10, ngoko ke isampuli yacazululwa kufuneka kusala imizuzu engama-60.

Emva koko, iisampulu ukuhluza ukuze lokucoca khange kwenze sulfate barium. Isihluzo ke akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi Yek, isisombululo lukhangelwe kukungabikho ion chloride. Ukwenza oku indlela rhoqo qualitative isisombululo Nitrate yesilivere. Ukuba ubona kukho inkungu, libonisa phambi chloride.

Lokucoca ke ngoko ibekwe kwindawo iselwa, apho isimemezelo lwenziwa. Emva kokuba kongezwe ml 5 ammonia ivuselelekile iziqulatho iselwa ngentonga ngeglasi, icebo lokucoca zenzeka, walungisa ngpaha komzantsi. Per 5 mg ion zihlalutywe ezidityaniswe amanzi 6 ml disodium EDTA. Imixholo zaye itshiswe bahlambe emanzini, ngoko itshiswe kwi nesitovu de ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwenze, lowo emanzini kunye lokucoca ulwelo.

Ixesha ukufudumeza mayingagqithi imizuzu emihlanu. Ukuphucula umgangatho zohlalutyo kuyimfuneko ukuba usikhwezele njalo imixholo iselwa ngentonga ngeglasi.

Emva okupholisa, isampuli agalelwe noko 50 ml amanzi Yek, 5 ml umxube ammonia buffer, amathontsi ambalwa isicombululo isalathisi utywala. Ngaphezu koko, titration lwenziwa kwemfuneko sulfate disodium edetate okanye wemagniziyam chloride de umbala oluzinzileyo purple.

isiphelo

Sodium-, potassium-, unako sulfate ekuveliseni lwamanzi alahlwayo hayi nje kuphela ngenxa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendalo kodwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Ukuze amanzi asetyenziselwa ukutya, musa emibi impembelelo eziphilayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba iliso isiqulatho oluninzi kuso ezahlukeneyo anions kunye ukuse-.

Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni iisampulu titration Trilon B zingenziwa izibalo ubuninzi omthamo zesampulu anions sulfate, ukuba athathe amanyathelo eziphathekayo ukunciphisa eli salathisi (ukuba kuyimfuneko). Xa iiLebhu zoHlahlelo mihla kwenziwe Iisampulu ekuqapheleni amanzi okusela of ukuse- heavy metal, anions of chlorine, phosphate, amagciwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela banayo ngaphezu elivumelekileyo lamanani neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo.

Ngokutsho iziphumo eksperimenti elebhu kunye nezifundo ezininzi ekhemisi analytical ukugqiba ukufaneleka kwamanzi obuselelwa, okanye imfuneko zokuhlanjululwa wayo ozakube usaqhutywa, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuhluza ezizodwa, ezisekelwe phezu kwamanzi imichiza.