Ioli Motor engines idizili kunye injini: ezikhethiweyo lophawu, izigxeko

Yokuqaba zizizwe iinjini idizili kunye nepetroli kwahluka enye kwenye. Yintoni umahluko yaye yintoni oyile injini diesel kufuneka zivalwe? Sithetha ngoku kwinqaku elilandelayo.

umthwalo injini diesel

Phantsi ethile ngqo nangaphezulu zonke iimfuno ukuze zifikelelwe oyile injini ukuba idiesel injini ukuya injini, isithuthi sisebenza kufuneka iqondwe nkqubo leyo eyahlukileyo into eyenzekayo neyunithi ipetroli.

Diesel baye umthwalo omkhulu thermal kwaye asebenza kwisibaso ahlwempuzekileyo. Ngelo xesha linye kusekwe kwaye ukutshiswa lwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ukutshiswa ngokupheleleyo amafutha nzima ngakumbi ukuphumeza kuzo, yaye isiphumo oluninzi ngamasuntswana umlotha. Ngenxa xi eliphezulu egumbini yokutsha waya crankcase iigesi qhuma. Ngenxa yoko, le kuzakuthothisa phi oxidized. Inkqubo ekuthiwa-oyile ukwaluphala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

mnandi ukuguga

Le ukwaluphala kwenzeka xa xa iipropati injini ukuthambisa ajikeleze baqalisa ukutshintsha. Ukuwa iintsalela mechanical eyonakalisayo ulwelo, ngokunjalo namanzi kunye particulates ophuma izinto injini kukuwohloka amafutha yokutsha. Ngelo xesha kukho inkqubo igcwala, neoli yonke ongeziweyo ukuba basebenze ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza resource. Kule nxalenye xa ukusetyenziswa oyile ukuthambisa ajikeleze lwabo atshiswe. Oluikhawuleza kakhulu le nkqubo lwenzeka kwinjini abadala. Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba i oyile wayesebenza nekhulu pesenti, ukubonelela nokusebenza okungcono injini.

Ngokungafaniyo ioli ye diesel generator

Motor zamafutha engine idiesel ukuya injini lineqela kwezinye ongeziweyo kwe powertrains ipetroli. Ekubeni wamafutha combusted ngokupheleleyo, isixa zaselondri kwaye dispersant nezongezelelo kulo kufuneka ibe inkulu kakhulu. Ngenxa omnye iimpawu amasuntswana ziya kunqunyanyiswa. Okunye kunciphisa ungcolisa kumalungu ixesha kunye tsilindro- piston. Ekubeni diesel iphezulu kwi isalfure, ukunciphisa igcwala eolini injini ukuba idiesel injini ukuya kwi-injini nazo zaziswa imali enkulu wolongezelelo kwealkali enye ekuchaseni inkqubo oxidative.

Ukongeza, uphuhliso olutsha kummandla zokuthambisa zikuvumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa ifomula ezintsha oli zinezinto jikelele malunga viscosity.

Viscosity kunye neklasi (ngokubanzi)

Cinga notation ezisetyenziswa emhlabeni ioli elungiselelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinjini. Ngenxa yoko, izinga viscosity i index luchazwa ngu æ (umzekelo, 5W30). Emva koko abonisa umgangatho amafutha API (umz, SF / CC). Yintoni na le leta?

Owokuqala kubo, «S», ibonisa ukuba ioli ingasetyenziselwa injini yepetroli. Okwesibini, i "C" - ivumela ukusetyenziswa iinjini diesel. Ukurekhoda ngokwahlula iqhezu ulwelo ubonisa nsimbi, ngamanye amazwi kusenokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise motor enye zombini iintlobo, nangenxa enye. Inqanaba lesibini iileta zokusebenza ukubhengeza iipropati, ngamanye amazwi bangabodidi esemgangathweni. Inqanaba eliphezulu iimfuno umgama ukusuka ekuqaleni kuka-alfabhethi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kude ekuqaleni unobumba, ngcono umgangatho.

Kuba iiyunithi idiesel kukho Ukuhlelwa:

• injini diesel ukuthini-aspirated exhotyiswe ngokulinganisela okanye supercharger kwaye banako ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinzima - SS;
• CD - kuthetha inkxaso eliphezulu kwaye usebenze nje kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima, kodwa kwisibaso enesiqulatho high nesulfure;
• CE - emiselwe inkxaso eliphezulu ukukhululwa emva 1983;
• CF-4 - kubonisa chetyrehtaktnikah emva 1990;
• CG-4 - emva ko-1994, apho iinkcukacha CF-4 ngcono luyaziphumelela iimfuno eziphezulu ngenxa yokudla;
• CA kunye CB akathengiswa ioli, kunye CD-11 kunye CF-2 ingasetyenziswa beeyunithi idiesel enama-mbini.

Koko Iinkcukacha API, oyile injini ukuba idiesel injini ukuya injini nangaphandle, njengoko oyile injini ngeyunithi ipetroli zihlelwe yi ACEA.

Kuba diesel lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• V1-96 - kuba iimoto ziqhele aspirated;
• V2-96 - iimoto ezi turbocharged okanye hayi;
• V3-96 - iimoto ezi tubronadduvom kunye okanye ngaphandle ekudidi lokuqala;
• E1-96 - ngokuba izigadla kunye supercharging phezulu,
• E2-96 - yinto efanayo E1-96, kodwa ukuphucula;
• E3-96 - izigadla neklasi eyongezelelweyo high supercharged.

Viscosity kunye neklasi (output)

Xa imoto umkhweli mihla ngaphandle inkxaso kufuneka kusetyenziswe Class CD okanye ioli B1 nangaphezulu, kwiinqwelo-diesel, ekhutshwe emva 1990 - B2 CE Class okanye ngaphezulu. abafuna okungaphezu anjalo injini turbocharged athathwa ngaphandle nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba umthwalo anda, kodwa ube usisiqinisekiso iyahlala ubomi inkonzo elide imali, njengoko turbocharger.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba i index viscosity. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba le parameter isixelela ehlotyeni, ebusika okanye zonke-ngexesha orientation oyile. Running kakhulu oyile ezi viscous kunye nenombolo kwabo kufikelele, umzekelo 30. oyile multigrade babe iipropati ihlobo nobusika, wabulela ziliminxe kudla. Kwangaxeshanye, uyazi ukuba asingabo bonke vsesezonki ezilungileyo injini diesel. Ngokomzekelo, omnye viscosity efana 10W30, ekwaziyo kokuqalisa injini eqalweni lokulayita. Noko ke, ukuba koomatshini mihla nokusilela eklasini. Ifanelekile grade imoto viscosity lusoloko kucacisiwe kule ncwadana yokusebenza, yaye esi sicwangciso kufuneka kwenziwe. Ngapha koko, oku ioli kakhulu injini diesel.

amanzi anetyuwa okanye izinto ezenziwe

Neoli isiseko oyile kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko manani angentla kwaye ibanga viscosity. Xa ukhetha le parameter ngokuqhelekileyo liwuxelisa isekelwe phezu ratio elilelona "ixabiso-esemgangathweni". Kakade ke, siqhutywa amanzi bezimbiwa ayibizi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo ioli diesel engines kwiinqwelo isiseko eyenziweyo unalo yokusebenza ezinzile oluthembekileyo kwisithuba yonke. Ngoko ke, lo lwelo kuba banxibe ngaphantsi phezu injini, ngaloo ukunyusa ubomi bayo. Kwakhona kwenziwe ngcono esizibonakalisa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi.

Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba ngenxa ioli idiesel turbocharged iinjini kunokuba zokwenziwa kuphela. Ukuba amanzi bezimbiwa idibana umgangatho viscosity, oko bakhululekile ukuba isetyenziselwe diesel.

Ibhotolo "Mobile", "Lukoil", "Shell" okanye "Castrol"?

Xa kufikwa kumenzi, lo mba kudla kubangela iingxaki kuphela umnini emotweni njengesiqhelo, kodwa nkqu ubucukubhede. Kude kube kamva nje, ukuba lukhetho nje abantu Soviet. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini, yaye akazange kuvela Akukho ukuphikisana kule sihlandlo. Kodwa namhlanje, uluhlu olubanzi amafutha ukuze kalula elahlekile. Sekunjalo, bacinge ngazo naziphi na omnye kubo, kubhetele ukuba ukutshintsha lophawu, yaye ubambelele kuso nasiphi na kumenzi elinye.

amafutha ongakhetha API zemigaqo

Class CJ-4. Le iinkcukacha wabonakala ngo-2006. Ezi oli ziquka:

• Shell Rimula 15W40, Rotella T6 0W40;
• "Lukoil" ioli iinjini idiesel "pro Vanguard» LA 15W40;
• abanye.

Class CI. Ingasetyenziswa nge okanye ngaphandle kwiinqwelo yalo. Phakathi kwabo:

• Mannol Diesel Turbo 5W40;
• namafutha "Mobile» Exxon Delvac 1 ESP;
• kunye nabanye.

diesel Class CH-isantya chetyrehtaktnikov efanelekileyo. Ezi ziquka KIXX Dynamic 15W40 kunye nabanye.

amacandelo Class CG-4 akaphenduli kwinqanaba yetyhefu, zokuphelisa US ngo 1994.

Class CF-4 iinjini diesel bamba model ngonyaka 1990. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, INGCUKA Motor Oil 133/30.

iklasi CF-2 sisetyenziselwa ezenza amandla ngesibetho-amabini kunye nezityalo namandla.

A amagama ambalwa malunga oyile

Kuyenzeka ukuba abaqhubi babone ioli kwi itanki emva mnyama iikhilomitha 500-1000, ukoyika ukuba sele iphelile embi, yaye bakholelwa ukuba sele kufuneka kukho utshintsho oyile kwi injini diesel. Kodwa akunjalo. Akukho inkathazo akukho blackening, ukusukela nje yenza carbon emnyama, kunye nezongezelelo umsebenzi isebenze zikhankanywe ngasentla.

Kukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe oli zokwenziwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwandisa ubomi kwemigodi. Kwaye kwakhona akuyonyaniso, kuba consumable esetyenzisiweyo, nto leyo eye wasebenza ngokuthanda kwayo isibili yingozi.

Baninzi esazibuza enoba ukusebenzisa ukugungxula imizuzu emihlanu njenge injini diesel. Ngokutsho umbhali, ezi mali-xesha nje kuphela, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunokonakalisa injini. Ngoko ke, ukuba kunye ukuze benze ekuhlanjweni, indlela kuba ayifanele ibe ahlambe, nentwana yeoli engine diesel ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ixabiso yona iyafana kuzo zonke izinto ezingamanzi efanayo. Le nkqubo kuthatha ixesha elininzi, njengoko kuchasene pyatiminutok ezizodwa ngokugqithiseleyo ndlongondlongo, kwaye kunye needipozithi siwabeka inokukhokelela engento ilahlwe kufuphi irabha kunye nezinye izinto.

Malunga nokusebenza kwemali ezongezelelweyo kunye nezongezelelo kunzima ukuphendula eziqhitsini. Noko ke, kucacile ukuba ioli sele iqulethe zonke ongeziweyo kuyimfuneko, kunye namabali ngoko ziya kuphucula urhulumente sele ioli ukusebenza, yiya ngakumbi lwezaziso zezithuba yokuthengisa iindlela ezizodwa kunye neendlela zokwenza imali kuyo. Kumaxesha amaninzi aba nalo isekelwe phezu inzuzo yokwenene kulwelo ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe.