Intsebenziswano kunye nesinyithi asidi. Indlela abasabela kwe-sulphuric acid kunye nesinyithi

Chemical abasabela ngayo le acid kunye but is ngqo ukuba kwiiklasi data of iikhompawundi. Ekuhambeni Proton yayo hydrogen kwaye zifunyanwe ngokudibene ne anion asidi ithathwa zesiqinisekiso yesinyithi. Lo ngumzekelo indlela ukwenza ityuwa, kwaye nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi leendibano asiyithobeli le mgaqo. Ukuba uqhubeke njengoko redox ezingahambi ngendaleko hydrogen.

Imigaqo abasabela isinyithi asidi

Zonke ezingaphiliyo acid awasabela ngayo kunye umkhondo metal kuseko neetyuwa. An Okungumahluko, mhlawumbi, kuphela indlela yentsimbi amanene kunye aqua regia, umxube zehydrochloric kunye asidi nitric. Nayiphi na enye impefumlelwano asidi kunye nesinyithi kukhokelela ukuyilwa neetyuwa. Ukuba acid akukho sulphuric wamandla okanye nitric acid, imveliso lwanamathela njenge hydrogen eziphilayo.

Kodwa zakudibana ngokwendawo sulphuric acid, basabela aqhubeke kunye nesinyithi ngokwimiselo inkqubo redox. Kuba ngokomfuniselo ichongwe iintlobo ezimbini leendibano izinyithi ezithile kunye acids enamandla nezingaphiliyo:

• intsebenziswano zesinyithi kunye asidi ezibuthathaka;
• intsebenziswano kanzulu acid.

uhlobo ukusabela lokuqala lwenzeka nayo nayiphi acid. Le Ngaphandle kuphela buzinze -sulphuric acid kunye ne-nitric acid nanini na ingqondo. Baya kusabela uhlobo lwesibini kwaye kungakhokelela ukuyilwa neetyuwa kunye nemveliso nokuncitshiswa isalfure ne-nitrogen.

izinyithi gumbini zakudibana asidi

Metals zilahlwe bashiya hydrogen kuthotho eqhelekileyo electrochemical, ukuba baye sulphuric acid yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano kunye nezinye ii-asidi abohlukeneyo zoqhaphelo ngaphandle nitrogen ukwenza ityuwa kunye sokwahlula hydrogen eziphilayo. Izinyithi, akhiwe ekunene kumqolo electronegativity hydrogen, akakwazi kusabela kunye asidi ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye basebenzisane kuphela kunye ne-nitric acid nokuba ukuzikisa ingqondo, kunye sulphuric acid kanzulu aqua regia. Oku intsebenziswano eqhelekileyo kunye nesinyithi asidi.

iintsimbi asabela ne-sulphuric acid wamandla

Xa umxholo sulphuric acid isisombululo ngaphezu kwe-68%, loo nto ithathwa ukuba esinyusiweyo awasabela ngayo kunye zesinyithi ekhohlo ne ekunene hydrogen. indlela flow siseko kunye isinyithi yomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi. Apha, i-arhente oxidizing i-atom sulphur kwi anion sulfate. It kuyehla emanzini,-Valence 4 oxide okanye nesalfure eziphilayo.

Ukusabela ne yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano nitric acid

Ihlanjululwa nitric acid idityaniswe metal, amalungiselelo ekhohlo ne ekunene hydrogen. Ngexesha ukusabela kunye iintsimbi esebenzayo ukuvelisa ammonia, leyo iyachithakala ngoko nangoko ize idityaniswe le nitrate anion simise elinye ityuwa. Kunye iintsimbi nomsebenzi umyinge acid idityaniswe ukukhululwa nitrogen eziphilayo. Njengoko uqhubeka basabela ngaphantsi esebenzayo kunye nokukhululwa 2-Valence oxide-nitrogen. Ngeendlela ezininzi sulphur recovery iimveliso ezininzi kwindawo yokusabela enye. Imizekelo abasabela ecetywayo kwisicelo yemizobo ngezantsi.

Reaction ne nitric acid wamandla

Kulo mzekelo i-nitrogen lisebenza nje oxidant. Zonke abasabela zaye run out ukusekwa ityuwa kunye nokukhululwa -nitric oxide. reactions redox Scheme ecetywayo isicelo mifanekiso. Kulo mzekelo, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ifanelwe abasabela ngayo aqua regia iziqalelo ngaphantsi esebenzayo. intsebenziswano enjalo kunye nesinyithi asidi nonspecifically.

Reactivity zesinyithi

Iintsimbi azithethelele asidi ngokulula ngokwaneleyo, nangona kukho inerts eziliqela. Oku izinyithi ezixabisekileyo nezinto, kunye amathuba eqhelekileyo electrochemical. Kukho inani zesinyithi leyo yakhiwe ngenxa yale index. Ubizwa ngokuba electronegativity. Ukuba wentsimbi kulo hydrogen, oku kuphendula yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano acid.

Kukho omnye kuphela ngaphandle: zentsimbi kunye aluminiyam ngenxa uluhlu phezu a oxides 3 Valence-ayikwazi zisenokuxabana esiti ngaphandle ubushushu. Ukuba mxube yothani, ngoko ekuqaleni waphendula a metal oxide umboniso, yaye ke unyityilikiswa acid. Izinyithi, akhiwe ekunene hydrogen kumsebenzi kuthotho electrochemical abakwazi zisenokuxabana an ezingaphiliyo acid, kuquka ne-sulphuric acid yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano. ngaphandle ezimbini ukuya mthetho: lwezi methali iqhawulwa kanzulu yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano nitric acid kunye aqua regia. Le yokugqibela kuphela kubhangiswa rhodium, ruthenium, iridium kunye osmium.