Into eyenzeka kweli bali: "amabali Kolymskie" (V. Shalamov)

Cinga yingqokelela Shalamov, apho asebenza ukususela 1954 ukuya 1962. Thina ukuchaza isishwankathelo salo. "Tales Kolyma" - yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane ogama sebali Yinkcazelo enkampini yaye amabanjwa Gulag ubomi entolongweni kunye isigcino kwabo, ezifana omnye komnye, apho kwimeko elungileyo. Umbhali igxile rhoqo indlala kunye kuhluthe, ukufa kabuhlungu kunye nokufunyanwa, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukuthotywa yokuziphatha kunye nokuthotywa. Iingxaki eziphakanyiswe Shalamov, uya kufunda ngakumbi ngokufunda isishwankathelo. "Tales Kolyma" - ukuqokelelwa yona ukuqonda oko akubonileyo ke umbhali abanamava kule minyaka ili-17 awayichitha entolongweni (1929-1931) kunye Kolyma (-1937 ukuya 1951). Ifoto ngu umbhali ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

intse- yomngcwabo

Umbhali ukhumbula namaqabane akhe nkampu. Asiyi bhala amagama abo, njengoko limela isishwankathelo. "Tales Kolyma" - iyahlangana ingqokelela apho ubugcisa amaxwebhu. Noko ke, ndibanika zonke babulali amabali igama lokwenyani.

Ukuqhubeka ibali, umbhali uchaza indlela akufa amabanjwa, eminye yayo yasinda sentuthumbo, uthi malunga amathemba zabo nokuziphatha kwi "eAuschwitz ngaphandle yamaziko," njengoko ebizwa kwiinkampu Shalamov Kolyma. Bakwazi iqhuba kanye kwakunye uyibambe ingekuko ngokuziphatha - iiyunithi.

"Injineli Life Kipreeva"

Makhe sihlolisise ibali umdla alandelayo ukuba singabi nako ukuchaza ukwenza isishwankathelo. "Tales Kolyma" - ingqokelela apho umbhali, akukho namnye ithengiswe okanye ngabo, uthi kuye benza ifomula ukukhusela ubukho yayo. It sikuko into yokuba umntu uyakwazi ukuphila ukuba ukulungele na umzuzu ekufeni, unako ukuzibulala. Kodwa kamva ibona ukuba wakha kuphela azihlambululele yokusabela bekhululekile, ngoko asazi ukuba uya kuba isigqibo, kuya kufuneka kuphela amandla engqondo, kodwa emzimbeni.

Fireweed, injineli-physics, owathi wabanjwa ngowe-1938, akazange anele nje ukuba nako ukumelana ancinwe kunye ukubethwa, wada wahlasela umphandi, kunye isiphumo ukuba bavalelwa bodwa. Kodwa uzama ukufumana ukuba ukungqina ubuxoki, ukusongela ukubanjwa ngumfazi wakhe. Fireweed kunjalo iyaqhubeka ukubonisa konke akamntu khoboka, efana onke amabanjwa, kunye nabantu. Ngenxa italente (Wakha eyaphukileyo umatshini X-ray, wafumana indlela ukubuyisela ibhalbhu eziphosakeleyo) lo mlinganiswa na ukuthintela imisebenzi olunzima kakhulu, kodwa akubi njalo. Kuphela ummangaliso ukuba usahleli, kodwa umothuko yokuziphatha akumkhululi loo nto.

"On predstavku"

Shalamov, owabhala "Kolyma Tales", isishwankathelo apho ochaphazelekayo ngayo, ibonisa ukuba urhwaphilizo weza emkhosini enoba kukancinane okanye kakhulu kangangoko yonke. It lwaqhutywa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Thina ukuchaza amagama ambalwa, esinye isithuba, ukusuka kwincwadi ethi "Tales Kolyma" - "On predstavku". A isishwankathelo sebali kwe yakhe.

Le amakhadi udlalwa amasela amabini. Omnye ulahlekelwa kwaye ucela ukudlala ngetyala. Zichatshazelwa ngaxa lithile, uyalela ngokungalindelekanga ibanjwa abaziingqondi kwakusenzeka ukuba kubaphulaphuli, ukunika ijezi. Uyala. It "ibulala" omnye namasela, kwaye ijezi ufumana blataryu kunjalo.

"Night"

Ngoku chaza imveliso enye ngaphezulu ukusuka kwincwadi ethi "Tales Kolyma" - ". Ubusuku" Ushwankathe- kuye, kuluvo lwethu, kuya kuba umdla kumfundi.

Nengcwaba yabiwa amabanjwa ezimbini. It wangcwatywa kusasa umzimba comrade yabo. Eba impahla wofileyo ukutshintsha ngomso, icuba okanye isonka okanye athengise. Ukwehluleka iingubo womfi ithathwa yi ingcamango yokuba mhlawumbi ngomso baza kukwazi ukuba ukutshaya okanye utye kancinci.

A lot of imisebenzi ekuqokelelweni "Tales Kolyma". "Nabachweli", isishwankathelo apho thina sishiye, ulandela ibali "Le Night." Funda it on umnikelo zabo. Imveliso ye yobungakanani encinane. Ifomathi isihloko olulodwa, ngelishwa, akavumeli ukuchaza onke amabali. Kwakhona, umsebenzi encinane kakhulu ukusuka kwincwadi ethi "Tales Kolyma" - "Berries". Isishwankathelo engundoqo kunye kakhulu umdla, ngokubona kwethu, amabali thaca kweli nqaku.

"Isikali Single"

Luchazwa ngumbhali njengoko kwinkampu zabasebenzi likhoboka - olunye uhlobo lwenkohlakalo. Ibanjwa, ediniwe abanako ukufeza mmiselo, umsebenzi uba sentuthumbo kwaye bukhokelela yokubulawa kade. Dugal, iinyoka, zikhula babuthathaka ngenxa kosuku iiyure-16. Yena ofefa, uKyle uthwala. amanyathelo Night abanakekeli walenza. Inani-25%, ogama caretaker ebonakala Dugayeva elikhulu kunene. Yena eliye buhlungu amagxa, izandla, intloko, amathole ezibuhlungu. Ibanjwa akazi nokuba ulambile kakade. Kamva, ebizelwa ukuba umphandi. Ucela, "Igama, Igama Lokugqibela, elithi, Article". Amajoni ngosuku waya ibanjwa kwindawo ekude, engqongwe kocingo songeza ngocingo oluhlabayo. Ebusuku, apha uza ingxolo iitrektara. Dugaev nofifi malunga kutheni wathotyelwa apha, kwaye uyaqonda ukuba ubomi buphelile. Uyazisola kuphela esasingcungcuthekisa nto usuku.

"Imvula"

Kunokuba ibali elide kakhulu ngale yokuqokelela "Tales Kolyma". Isishwankathelo iintloko imisebenzi nje lokuHlola ngokwendalo. Sinikezela na ibali ulandelayo - "Rain".

Simazi ubomi inkampu ukusebenza emaquleni Rozovsky, uTshawe, owadala Shalamov ( "Tales Kolyma"). Isishwankathelo imisebenzi enikezelwe kuye "Imvula" hlobo. Phezu kwako neempelesi wenza senzo ukusongela, umbalisi ubiza Rozovski ezisebenza kufuphi, ukuze wabelane naye isityhilelo. Rozovski waqonda ukuba akukho injongo ebomini. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ubomi ilahleko ixabiso layo, ixesha lakhe ukuhlasela abalindi, ubaleka kuye awasindise umbalisi isenzo emibi ngokungakhathali, exelela abalindi Rozovski ukugula. kamva banjwa ezama ukuzibulala, afune phantsi kwilori. Emva kwetyala, wathunyelwa kwenye indawo ukuze isebenze.

"Cherry Brandy"

Imbongi-banjwa, lowo ingqalelo imbongi yokuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwilizwe lethu esifa. Uwa phezu kwibhanka yakhe, enzulwini kumqolo ongezantsi. Ukubhubha imbongi ixesha elide. Maxa wambi kuza myl, umzekelo, ukuba umntu weba isonka, apho imbongi wabeka phantsi kwentloko yakhe. Ukulungele ukuba bakhangele, ukulwa, ndiyafunga ... Kodwa kukona kuyo kwakhona. Xa wabeka isandla sakhe banikwe mihla le, yena Sehla isonka emlonyeni wakhe nzima, uyifince, ukuzama kuwakrekretha, udilize amazinyo yayimangalisa scorbutic. Xa imbongi esifa, akukho ukubhala ngaphandle yeentsuku ezi-2. Abamelwane e esandleni awukwazi ukufumana oko isonka njengento ephilayo. Benza ngokokude uphakamisa isandla wakhe unodoli.

"Therapy Shock"

Merzlyakov, omnye Amaqhawe ethi "amabali Kolmyskie", isishwankathelo apho esixubusha, uqukuqela umzimba elikhulu umsebenzi ngokubanzi uyakuqonda oko Sibahlangule. Uyawa, akanako ukuma aze abavuma ukuyithabatha log. Okokuqala ke ngokumbetha, ngoko - nabalindi. Ukuba ithe yanikezelwa enkampini ziintlungu ephantsi umva ubambo eyaphukileyo. Emva alulame, Merzlyakov akazange ayeke bekhalaza kwaye ngathi ukuba angabi nako ukuqondisa up. Wenza oku ukuze yokubambezela le ngxelo. Koko wathunyelwa kwiwadi zoqhaqho esibhedlele engundoqo, yaye emva koko kwi-luvo ngenxa iimviwo. Merzlyakov unalo ithuba ingabalelwa ukuthanda esi sifo. Yena izama nzima ukuba bakrotyiswe. Ke kaloku uPetros Ivanovich, ugqirha, yena owayesakuba ex-ejele, kwenza. Bonke abantu ngayo lenkosikazi abaqeqeshiweyo. Ichitha ixesha elininzi ngayo ukuveza abo bazenza. Peter Ivanovich ukhangele phambili isiphumo, nto leyo eya kwenza ityala Merzlyakov. Ugqirha kuqala kumenza zomzimba, ngexesha apho kunokwenzeka yokulungisa umzimba Merzlyakov. Emva kweveki, isigulane emiselweyo unyango othukile, emva koko ucela ukuba isicatshulwa ngokwayo.

"Yedwa esifo"

Andreev uva kungaphumi, abagulayo kunye yesifo. indawo yomguli xa kuthelekiswa imisebenzi emigodini ulunika ithuba ukuze usinde, phantse akazange alindele ngayo. ke Andreev ugqiba ukuhlala apha ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ngoko, mhlawumbi, akuyi ukuthumela igolide ngaphezulu ebusweni ematyeni, apho ukufa, ukubethwa, yindlala. Andreev akazange isabele kubizo uluhlu phambi kokuthumela wachacha emsebenzini. Ekwazile oko ezimele ixesha elide. Ngokuthe ngcembe uthululela iseli sendleleni, vula uza, ekugqibeleni, ku Andreev. Kodwa kubonakala ngoku ukuba idabi ubomi, waphumelela, ukuba ngoku ithunyelwe, ngoko kuphela wengingqi, iihambo ezimfutshane-kuluhlu. Kodwa xa ilori kunye neqela lamabanjwa abanikwa zasebusika engalindelekanga, ihambisa umgca nolo abakufuphi nabakude, Andreev uyaqonda ukuba bebonke isiphelo kubo yintsini.

Kwifoto ngezantsi - nelitye sisikhumbuzo kule ndlu e Vologda, apho wayehlala Shalamov.

"Aortic kwemithambo"

In amabali sifo Shalamov kunye esibhedlele - lophawu ebalulekileyo sebali. Catherine Glovatskaya apha, ufumana esibhedlele. Le ubuhle ngoko nangoko umtsalane Zaitsev, ugqirha besemsebenzini. Uyazi ukuba she is kubudlelwane kunye ilahla Podshivalova abazana wakhe likwaqhuba iiklabhu yasekuhlaleni engahlawulwayo, ugqirha kusekho ugqiba ukuzama luck yakhe. Njengesiqhelo ke, iqala axilongwe yomguli, ukumamela entliziyweni. Noko ke, umdla wamadoda ithathwa inkxalabo zonyango. In Glowacki likuthethayo i kwemithambo aortic. Esi sisifo apho yonke intshukumo wobuxoki zingabangela ukufa. Siqonde ulawulo kwahlula abaphathi abathandi ukuba kwaoko wabandulula intombazana kumgodi free-nye. INtloko esibhedlele emva ingxelo likagqirha ngesigulo sakhe Qinisekisa ukuba amehlo Podshivalova ofuna ukubamba umthandi. Mfazi na elahliweyo, kodwa xa kulayishwa luyafa, njengoko walumkisa Zaitsev.

"Idabi yokugqibela Major Pugachev"

Umbhali ubonisa ukuba emva kokuba waqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukufika kwinkampu amabanjwa walwa wacanda banjwa. Aba bantu ukuqaqadeka; bazi ukuba ayinonophele njani umngcipheko, isibindi sokwenza. Bakholelwa kuphela ezingalweni. ebukhobokeni kwenkampu ukuba konakele, baye okwangoku ziphelisiwe phambi kokulahlekelwa ukuthanda kunye nomgudu. "Fault" babo ukuba ezi amabanjwa bathinjwa okanye kokusingqongileyo. Omnye wabo, uMajor Pugachev, kwacaca ukuba babuyiselwa apha kufa. Emva koko uqokelela eyomeleleyo kwisigqibo sam, utshatise ngokwayo, amabanjwa abakulungeleyo ukufa okanye sikhululekile. Ukubaleka ukulungiselela bonke ubusika. Pugachev waqonda ukuba isebenza emva kusinda ebusika, ungenza kuphela abo ukulawula ukubaleka umsebenzi jikelele. Ngazinye nxaxheba kwi yelenqe ihamba bawuthobele. Omnye uba umpheki, omnye - kultorgom wesithathu ukulungisa izixhobo ukuze sikhuseleke.

Ngenye imini spring, ngo-5 ekuseni, ukubhutyuzwa nilindile. Umlindi ikuvumela elibanjwa-umpheki, owathi, njengesiqhelo, weza zizitshixo ukudla. Uyose suffocates, yaye elinye ibanjwa unxibe iyunifomu yakhe. Kwelinye ngamasalela abuya kamva kancinane, into efanayo. Okulandelayo, yonke into ahlelwa ukucwangcisa pugacheva. Xa ukhuseleko igumbi inkosi iyelenqe yozigqabhuza isixhobo, udubule wabulala besemsebenzini. Baya ngekawusi up ngokutya anxibe iyunifomu yomkhosi, ephethe ngesiquphe ndavuswa ngamajoni ifike. Ukuza ngaphandle kweminquba, bayeka phezu umqhubi weloli endleleni, ndatyala ukhwele de ipetroli sishiywe. Emva koko nyukani niye emahlathini. Pugachev, uvuka ebusuku, emva kweenyanga ezininzi ekuthinjweni, ukhumbula indlela ngowe-1944, Ndisinde kwinkampu yaseJamani, awela umgca ngaphambili, ubunzima ancinwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo, emva koko watyholwa zaseMelika ze wagwetywa iminyaka engama-25 entolongweni. Ukhumbula kwakunye kwinkampu German zeza izithunywa Jikelele Vlasov, ngubani kugaywa Russian, ebongoza ukuba amajoni kwikhompyutha igunya eSoviet - ngabangcatshi. Ke Pugachev abazange bakholwe, kodwa kungekudala eqiniseka. Ukhangela ngothando akanye belele kufutshane. kamva kancinane libotshelelwe idabi themba kunye amajoni abemrhawule abasabileyo bakwaEfrayim. Amabanjwa wabulala phantse zonke, ngaphandle komnye, ukuba ayiphilise emva kokuba kabi ukuze ukudubula. Pugachev ilawula kuphela ukubaleka. Yena wazifihla kwindawo emhadini nebhere, kodwa uyazi ukuba, naye, uya kufumana. Owu, akukho uzisole into ayenzileyo. lidubule lokugqibela - a.

Ngoko ke, wabancina amabali eziphambili ukusuka kwincwadi ibhalwe Varlam Shalamov ( "Tales Kolyma"). Isishwankathelo lazisa imicimbi emikhulu. Iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga zazo zifundwe kumaphepha umsebenzi. Kuba okokuqala ingqokelela epapashwe ngo-1966 Varlam Shalamov. "Tales Kolyma", isishwankathelo apho ngoku uyazi wena, ukuba bavele kumaphepha yePhetshana New York of "New Journal".

E-New York, amabali-4 kuphela yapapashwa ngo-1966. Kunyaka olandelayo, 1967, 26 amabali ngalo umbhali, ubukhulu becala ukusuka ingqokelela umdla kuthi, baphume translation German kwisixeko Cologne. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe, akazange epapashwe kule ncwadi yiSoviet Union "Kolyma Tales" Shalamov. Isishwankathelo sazo zonke izahluko, ngelishwa, akasayi kufakwa kwifomati kwinqaku, kuba amabali kwincwadi kakhulu kunene. Ngoko ke, sicebisa familiarizing wena kunye nabanye.

"Ubisi Nciphisiweyo"

Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, siyakutsho kuni ngomnye umsebenzi ukusuka kwincwadi ethi "Tales Kolyma" - "ubisi Nciphisiweyo". Umxholo emfutshane elandela yakhe.

Shestakov unobalisa eziqhelekileyo, akazange kusebenza le zam ebusweni, ngokuba njengononjineli-komhlaba, yaye ndasiwa kule ofisi. Wayedibana umbalisi wathi wayefuna ukuba umsebenzi uye Izinto Black, waya elwandle. Kwaye nangona yokugqibela waqonda ukuba oku kuyenzeka (indlela eya ulwandle elide kakhulu), wavuma. Umbalisi waqiqa ukuba Shestakov mhlawumbi ufuna Kwathi bonke abo baya kubandakanyeka kulo. Kodwa isithembiso yobisi yinto enye (ukuba ukoyisa indlela, adle) ngokuqeshwa. Ukuya Shestakov, wadla iinkonkxa ezimbini okukhona. Kwaye ke ngesiquphe ke wathi watshintsha ingqondo yakhe. Emva kweveki, nabanye abasebenzi babaleka. Ababini kubo babulawa, abathathu kubo kwityala ngenyanga. A Shestakov ndatshintshelwa kwelinye zam.

Sicebisa ukuba ukufunda yoqobo kunye neminye imisebenzi. Kakhulu ngobuqili ebhalwe Shalamov "Tales Kolyma". Isishwankathelo ( "amaqunube", "Imvula" yaye "Baby Umfanekiso", nathi kwakhona ukuba ufunde kwi original) edlulisela kuphela isakhiwo sebali. Umbhali kwesimbo sokubhala, ukuzoba baqonde ukuba ndaze eqhelene kuphela ngomsebenzi ngokwawo.

Engafakwanga ethi "Tales Kolyma", "Mxim". A isishwankathelo sebali thina asenzanga kuchaziwe ngenxa yeso sizathu. Noko ke, lo msebenzi yenye yezona eliyimfihlakalo kumsebenzi Shalamov kaThixo. Abalandeli italente yakhe iya kuba umdla ukuyifunda.