Intlekele ecological eRussia. Iintlekele Environmental: imizekelo

Ukutyhubela imbali ikhona, abantu iba nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, impembelelo yabantu kwindalo liye landa izihlandlo ezilikhulu. iintlekele Environmental eRussia kunye nehlabathi eziye zenzeka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ngeenxa zonke, kubaxa kakhulu urhulumente esele imaxongo iplanethi yethu.

Ubangelwa ziintlekele zendalo

Phantse zonke iintlekele ezinkulu zemvelo on Earth kwenzeka ngenxa umntu. Abasebenzi abasebenza kumashishini zoshishino kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu ingozi, ngokufuthi indiva umsebenzi wakhe. Impazamo nakancane okanye ukungakhathali kwabasebenzi kunokukhokelela nemiphumo vuhlayiseki. Indiva imithetho yokhuseleko, iinkampani olusebenza ezisongela ubomi babo nje kuphela, kodwa ke ukhuseleko yabemi.

Xa umnqweno ukugcina urhulumente ivumela amashishini ukuba imane ukusebenzisa kwezixhobo zendalo, ukuba alahle inkunkuma eyityhefu ibe nemisele yamanzi. kukubawa kwabantu ikwenza ulibale malunga neziphumo kokusingqongileyo, oko kunokubangela inyathelo layo.

Kwiinzame iphelise ukwesaba phakathi ooRhulumente yabantu idla balelwa abantu kwimiphumo bokwenene ezibangelwa ziintlekele zendalo. Imizekelo abahlali olungelulo enjalo - ingozi eChernobyl kunye nokukhululwa anthrax in Sverdlovsk. Ukuba ixesha urhulumente ukuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo, azise iindawo zikawonke kwabenza kungcoliseko, inokuphetshwa isiganeko, kukho inani elikhulu amaxhoba.

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, iintlekele zokusingqongileyo kunokubangela iintlekele. Iinyikima, iitsunami, iinkanyamba kunye neenkanyamba ayakwazi kweengozi ingqondo kumashishini kunye imveliso eyingozi. imozulu emaxongo kunokukhokelela yokubhuqiswa imililo ihlathi.

Ntlekele kakhulu anomngcipheko kwimbali yoluntu

Enkulu kwimbali yoluntu ingozi, esizakukhokelela imiphumo ebuhlungu ngenxa yabemi Russia, Ukraine kunye namanye amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu, kwenzeka ngo-Aprili 26 1986 ngonyaka. Ngale mini, le asilotyala abasebenzi besixeko eChernobyl amandla enyukliya kwaqhambuka dubulo enamandla kwi Unit.

Le ngozi neziphumo ukukhululwa ngeedosi kakhulu radiation senzelwe emoyeni. Kumgama oyi kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukusuka kumbindi abantu dubulo ingaphila iminyaka emininzi, yaye wonke amafu radioactive saa. Imvula nekhephu equlathe amasuntswana radioactive ezaye zabanjwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ebangela umonakalo noqhekeko kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Imiphumo loo ntlekele iya kuba nefuthe kwindalo, elinye leminyaka.

Sisihelegu koLwandle Aral

ESoviet Union iminyaka emininzi ifihlwe ngenyameko imeko rhoqo emandundu kuLwandle Aral, Lake. Kudala-dala ke ichibi yesine inkulu ehlabathini kunye ezahlukeneyo abemi kwamanzi, kukho izityalo abazizityebi kunye nezilwanyana ecaleni Ugu. nokufunxwa kwamanzi emilanjeni ekwaluseni Sea Aral, kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni eli chibi yaqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza yokunkcenkceshela nzulu izityalo zolimo.

Kuba amashumi eminyaka, inqanaba lamanzi kuLwandle Aral yawa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-9, kunye phantse 7 lunemiba ukwanda etyuwa. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ekutshabalaleni iintlanzi amatsha kunye nezinye abemi kwedike. esililini olulophu umzimba kanye iingangamsha yamanzi uye entlango engenabomi.

Ngaphandle konke oku, zinambuzane neekhemikhali ezolimo, ivaleleke amanzi oLwandle Aral, kwa esasi- komile womile. Bona theka umoya phezu indawo enkulukazi kufutshane noLwandle Aral, nto leyo kwimeko emandundu enezityalo nezilwanyana, kunye nabantu balapha ukuba bathwaxwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

I-Sea Aral kukhokelele neziphumo vuhlayiseki zombini indalo kunye nabantu. oorhulumente lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, ummandla apho ngoku kweli chibi, musa ukuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo ukuphucula imeko. I-unique sakhiwo yendalo sele zingaphaya yokulungisa.

Okunye intlekele yendalo eRashiya, zibandakanyiwe apha ebalini

In Russia emashumini kutshanje yenzekile kunye nabanye ukuba ziyabandakanywa kwimbali leentlekele zendalo. Imizekelo yalo - kunye Usinskaya Lovinskaya intlekele.

Ngo-1994 kwakukho ezinkulu ehlabathini kwi Russian kweoli phezu komhlaba. Xa Pechora nemithi kumgudu Mcetywa elungileyo iphalale ngaphezu ikhulu lamawaka njengeetoni ze-oyile. Zonke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kummandla nhlanganiso iphangiwe. Imiphumo ngozi, nangona kokugqitywa komsebenzi kwimeko yesiqhelo liya kudala.

Enye oyile Mcetywa idabi eRashiya kwenzeka ngo-2003 kufuphi Khanty-Mansiysk. Bangaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka njengeetoni ze-oyile ndichithe emlanjeni Mulymya, balebele kunye ezinamafutha film. Le enezityalo nezilwanyana omlambo ezingqongileyo ubunzima zabadla abaninzi.

iintlekele zemvelo zakutshanje eRashiya

Le ntlekele inkulu kokusingqongileyo eRashiya eziye zenzeka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo - yengozi kwisityalo Novocheboksarsk JSC "Khimprom", nto leyo ekhokelele kusemnandi chlorine ungcoliseko kwenzeka, yaye umngxuma "Druzhba" ioli imibhobho kummandla Bryansk. Zombini iintlekele kwenzeka ngo-2006. Ngenxa kwintlekele ochaphazelekayo abahlali kwiindawo ezijikeleze, kwakunye izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

imililo Ihlathi ukuba umlilo kuzo eRashiya ngowe-2005, oko nazo zibangelwa ziintlekele zendalo. Umlilo watshabalalisa amakhulu eehektare behlathi, nabemi bezixeko ezikhulu suffocated yi ngumsi.

Indlela yokuthintela iintlekele zemvelo

Ukuze kuthintelwe iintlekele zokusingqongileyo ngakumbi eRashiya, kuyimfuneko ukuba uthotho lwamanyathelo likaxakeka. Kufuneka ejoliswe ikakhulu ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye anda uxanduva, esebenza izityalo mveliso eyingozi. Uxanduva oku, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kufuneka uthathe Entsimini yelizwe bume.

Emva kokuba ngozi eChernobyl kwimithetho Russian kwakukho inqaku, othintela ukuba ukuzifihla oluntu isikali kunye neziphumo eentlekele zendalo. Abantu banelungelo lokwazi malunga nemeko yokusingqongileyo kwindawo yabo.

Phambi kokuba ukuphuhlisa imveliso entsha intsimi, abantu kufuneka ucinge ngendlela zonke iziphumo kokusingqongileyo uze uvavanye nengqiqo izenzo zabo.