Australia (ilizwe). Ukufunyanwa Australia. Map of Australia. uphawu Australian

Australia - lizwe nge esifunda nixhamle njengoko umntwana ekhula, ukuzama ukufumana nayiphi kunokwenzeka - zombini ezinokuvela; wenze emangalisayo - iindlela ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo ukutyelela kulo mmandla. Kuphela apha unako ukufumana izilwanyana ezingabonwayo ukuma imithi funny, idade elwandle, ebukele ephithizelayo wentlanzi rainbow izixhobo.

Yaye yintoni awayeyazi ngalo lizwekazi, yayo kwemozulu, imbali, iisimboli, izithethe nenkcubeko? Ukuba ukhangela, kuvela ukuba kangako. iincwadi zesikolo geography sixelele kuqala yonke into Australia - ilizwe enokuba kungekho naziphi na iingxaki afumaneka kwi-mpuma kwimephu. Libanzi kangangokuba iingxaki ukuqondwa ayikho kanye apho. Kodwa oku, uyabona, encinane kangaka welizwekazi.

Eli nqaku nje kuphela ukuqhelanisa umfundi kunye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo, oko kuya kwenza ukuthanda ilizwe ngokwaneleyo ukuba uqale ukulondoloza imali ukuba uhambo.

Icandelo 1. Ingcaciso ngokubanzi:

Khetha i umhlaba qaphela ngenyameko. Njengoko usazi, Australia - eli lizwekazi, ibekwe inxalenye esezantsi ubeko komhlaba, malunga kumzantsi-mpuma kwikomkhulu Russian. Macala onke kokuhlanjwa ngasemanzini imfudumalo nobabalo ichaphazela zombini imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kweli lizwe. Ngendlela, ukuba ukukhankanya into yokuba umhlaba wakho Australia yi likhusela kuphela, uye azame lonke ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba nande, ukudala iimeko ezizodwa phantse ngenxa enezityalo nezilwanyana zengingqi.

Kumashumi eminyaka nje ezimbalwa ubukho balo elizimeleyo karhulumente, njengoko bathi, nekofu, kwaye ngoku idlala indima ebalulekileyo ehlabathini. Umgangatho ayehlala kule ndawo ithathwa enye liphezulu ehlabathini, yaye ngenxa ukucoca umoya, kunye nemilambo abantu apha manqaphanqapha baboniswa izifo inyumoniya.

Icandelo 2 Australian Open

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokusekelwe amanqaku ngembali, kukhuselekile zithi abantu bokuqala ukuvela kwilizwekazi 40-60 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, oko kukuthi. E. Ngelo xesha xa Tasmania kunye New Guinea, luseyinxalenye yezwe.

Ukuvulwa ngokusesikweni senzeka Australia ngo-1606, xa umkhenkethi odumileyo Willem Janszoon waya kunxweme zalo inqanawa yakhe ogama "Dayfken". Kwangaxeshanye, Australia uye wafumana igama New Holland, yaye kangangexesha elithile sele kudlule phantsi Netherlands. Enyanisweni, i-Dutch le mimandla zange balufunda.

Kamva, le kwilizwekazi indulumbane umtya lonke uphando. Phakathi kwabo edume kakhulu zithathwa uLuís Vaz de Torres (1606), uDirk Hartog (1616), uFrederick de Houtman (1619), Abel Tasman (1644) kunye Dzheyms Kuk (1770. Ngenxa yezi mazwe maphulo imaphu eneenkcukacha sele yenziwe kwaye uvule ezinye iziqithi Australia.

Ukususela 1788 ukuya 1901 nezwekazi phantse uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo British yoBukumkani. BaseYurophu kwasekwa ithanga, wakha izindlu, wazama ukuba kumiswe imveliso, wathabatha phezu ulwakhiwo kaloliwe kulo lonke izwekazi. Ukuba utshintsho HIV zisekuhleni kanye, ephilileyo, sonwabe, yaye abantu bomthonyama kuqhubeka ukuba afe, wancipha ngamanani. Izizathu eziphambili ezimbalwa. Kuqala kwinto zonke, Kakade, oko kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izifo ezosulelayo, ngequbuliso kwaqhambuka kwilizwekazi liphela ngenxa baseYurophu izifo esingeniswe ku apho omzimba Abahlali, ngokulandelelana, wayengekho.

Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo zeli lizwe kwaba kuyenzeka ukubona iziganeko ngoku lula kuwa phantsi kudidi kohlanga nabantu basekuhlaleni. Isibakala sokuba weza Australia emhlophe badla ukunyanzela abantwana yaye yatyunjwa phakathi bendawo. Iinjongo kulandelwa kunye kakhulu ezahlukeneyo: umntu wazama, ngokungqinelana ne ukumila ixesha, lowo wamkela umntwana omnyama ke ukuba yena kuye kwilizwe lakhe. Abanye abaqeqeshiweyo wayemane amatakane ebuntwaneni zonke nezimbo yolawulo yekhaya, enyanisweni, waguqukela kubakhonzi, kwaye ndiwuhlutha nje ubomi ngokupheleleyo.

Final ukuzimela evela UK Australian wakwazi ukufumana kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Icandelo 3. Australia namhlanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, urhulumente iphuhlisa ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye, ukugcina kunye nokuseka ubudlelwane zombini bezozakuzo kunye noqoqosho kunye onke amazwe ehlabathi, kodwa timhaka amazwe kummandla wePasifiki.

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Australia - IsiNgesi, kuyabonakala, ngoko iingxaki unxibelelwano kwinqanaba loluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukusuka bendawo nje musa kuvuka. Ubudlelwane ikufutshane zoshishino zigcinwa kunye US, New Zealand kunye mpuma Asia. Australia kwakhona inxaxheba ekunikeni uncedo kumazwe asaphuhlayo.

Icandelo 4. iisimboli karhulumente kweli lizwe

Naluphi uphawu omnye Australia ukuba akhethe, kakade, akunakwenzeka. Njengoko kwilizwe lethu, kukho ubuncinane ezithathu: iflegi, imifanekiso kunye umhobe. Ngamnye kubo uya kuzama ukuthetha ngakumbi.

Iflegi ndawo yolawulo yoxande. Umbala lubalaseleyo - okuluhlaza. Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngokubanzi uphawu Australian inezigaba ezintathu, evunyiweyo kwinqanaba zomthetho, - iflegi United Kingdom, i-Commonwealth Star kwaye i-Southern Cross umlaza.

iintetho Stars malunga nenani ithi ezibumba urhulumente. Nazi amathandathu kubo: Victoria, Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania kunye South Australia.

Coat of iingalo - yinto uhlobo nekhaka, uboniswa khosi iisimboli nganye kwamazwe. Siye ibekwe ngezantsi nje inkwenkwezi Commonwealth. Ikhaka uxhaswa izilwanyana ezimbini lifana ilizwekazi - le abasebuthathaka kunye EMU.

Umhobe wesizwe yelizwe igama yokomfuziselo kakhulu - Advance Australia Fair, apho yaguqulelwa ngolwimi lwethu lweenkobe Russian lithetha "Kuchuma, ezintle Australia wam." Ngowe-1878, le ngoma wanikwa buciko abadumileyo Peter wokuvuna. Engeniswa kwi ngengcebiso kaRhulumente, phambi kokuba ingoma esemthethweni Australian yayigqalwa le ngoma: "UThixo Gcina the Queen."

Icandelo 5. Imozulu kunye nendawo neempawu

Australia - yezwekazi nga okunene liyi ubukho kwimozulu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Apha, njengoko siyazi, kukho kwiintalango asithoba. Enye koozintlango lawona kwaye inkulu ehlabathini - Victoria - nabo babe kule yinxalenye yehlabathi. Ukuze baphile apha kunzima kakhulu - mhlawumbi hayi sonke kwiindawo ezinjalo apho ngokohlobo imvula kwezulu ngamandla amaxesha 10-15 ngonyaka, kwaye ikhephu ayizange yenzeke. indoda Modern Ngokuqinisekileyo asinde, kodwa iintsapho nabantu basekuhlaleni Aboriginal, ingakumbi Kogarah kunye mirning bakholelwa Victoria ikhaya labo.

Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu geographical ka-Australia hayi Liphela apho. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba ikhephu apha kwi Australian Alps, ukuwa ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba iiholide ski edumileyo eSwitzerland. Yiyo loo nto kwiindawo ezifana eQueensland, South Wales kunye Victoria, ezemidlalo busika iminyaka emininzi ingqalelo omnye ethandwa kakhulu.

Oceans egeza Australia, kakhulu, igalelo ukuyilwa imozulu yendawo, minyaka leyo luninzi kunxweme nemvula kunye nomoya zorhwebo.

Icandelo 6 Uncedo kunye nezibonelelo zendalo

Ngokubanzi, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lizwe iyintlango, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kukudakumba. Kwaye kuphela phezu ngasempumalanga lizwe , kukho iintaba, apho, ngokutsho iingcali, kungathathwa ephantsi nje kuphela, kodwa alapho. Le ukusonga Hercynian yaziwa ngokuba Enkulu ukwabela Range. It ifikelela kwizinga eliphezulu emzantsi, ezinemithi iincopho intaba ezifana Kosciuszko kunye Townsend, okuphakama kunzima idlula iimitha 2.200.

Ingongoma liphantsi lelizwekazi ithathwa Lake Eyre, ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo kwabakho kubunzulu yeemitha -15 ngokunxulumene kwinqanaba lolwandle.

Akekho umntu enokukuphika yokuba ubutyebi engundoqo welizwe kuqwalaselwa yayo imithombo yezimbiwa. Enyanisweni, xa kuthelekiswa ne-avareji isibonisi zehlabathi lizwe wabalungiselela izihlandlo-20. It usesikhundleni eziphambili ehlabathini kwenani ezenzekayo. Umzekelo, Australia fanele indawo 2 kwi webauxite kunye zirconium, 1st - uranium zolondolozo. Namhlanje eli zemigodi manganese, iidayimani kunye negolide.

Yiba ilizwe labo kunye needipozithi yerhasi neoli. Kakade ke, ukuba ngokucacileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuseka unikezelo yorhwebo kwezinye iindawo ehlabathini, kodwa bafuna Akuyomfuneko urhulumente.

Icandelo 7 izilwanyana kwelizwekazi

Yemvelo engafani - kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo esinye sezizathu ukuba atyelele eli lizwe. Ekuqaleni, kunzima ukucinga ukuba Australia namhlanje likhaya leentlobo malunga 380 ezahlukeneyo ezanyisayo, malunga 830 iintlobo zeentaka, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-4,000 iintlanzi, kwakunye izazi ziye iintlobo 140 zeenyoka kwaye phantse 300 iintlobo malovane. Hi ndlela leyi, kwaye kukho izilwanyana ulwandle ezininzi - iintlobo-50.

Mhlawumbi Omkhulu Coral Reef weva nganye. Kwaye oku akumangalisi, kuba esikolweni sikhumbule ukuba isakhiwo likhulu kwalo lulibo lwayo yonke indalo prostroennyh on Earth. organic ubude Ifomu 2000 km kwaye ibekwe kufuphi nonxweme Queensland kuLwandle Coral.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele into yokuba i-80% izilwanyana uya kufumana naphi na kwi planethi. Nangona iwotshi koalas, dingoes, kangaroos, impish, platypus, nohlobo kunye wallabies zasendle akunakwenzeka. Wonke umntu onomdla Kucetyiswa ukuya kwenye loovimba abaninzi uhlobo, ethandwa kakhulu apho zigqalwa ipaki tropical (Port Douglas) reserve "Healesville" (Victoria) kunye ipaki zasendle "Cleland" (South Australia).

Icandelo 8. Izilwanyana lizwekazi kunye emhlabeni iingxaki

Kakade ke, inzala uninzi phakathi izivakashi kanye marsupials ka-Australia. Kutheni? Eyona nto kukuba abameli kule zezinto eziphilayo zifumaneka kuphela kweli lizwekazi, ngoko kuqwalaselwa unique ngamnye kubo.

Noko ke, phezu kwayo yonke imigudu eyenziwa nguRhulumente kunye nemibutho efanelekileyo, inani lazo ukususela kunyaka nonyaka, nangoku usaqhubeka kwehla. Okokuqala, kona into zabantu. Ngenxa yoko kwamahlathi, yokulahlekelwa ziindawo zokuhlala zendalo, izilwanyana abaninzi babulawa yimoto okanye uhlaselwe zizinja sisilo-qabane.

Kodwa kukho amaxesha apho iingcali abakwazi ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo unobangela wokufa kwezilwanyana ezizodwa. Hi xikombiso, le koalas zixhomekeke ezinqabileyo izifo chlamydia, yaye kweli bakala, nezesayensi nyanzelekile ukuba agonye zonke izilwanyana single. Ukuze wenze oku kabini ngonyaka ehlathini wathumela amakhulu amaqela amavolontiya.

Australia ekhula izixa kakhulu poppy ukulima ukuzuza kwiminyaka yakutshanje mkhulu nesantya enkulu. Kakade ke, olu hlobo lweshishini kunempembelelo nenzuzo kuqoqosho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ebangela igalelo elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi isilwanyana. Into yokuba amanye amalungu izilwanyana basekuhlaleni lokoqobo yegama elithi uthando ukwanela iziqhamo poppy, yaye, ekugqibeleni, kweyela ngokupheleleyo nokuxhomekeka kwabo, ukuba ekuthiwa-abakhotyokiswe kwi ebe isilwanyana. Ukususela namhlanje, kulo lonke ilizwe, kwagqitywa ekubeni woKhuseleko komhlaba ngokuchasene ukungena kangaroos kunye nezinye iimeko.

Ingaba ikhula nokwakha esibhedlele ngenxa izilwanyana zasendle. Ngoku, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngokutsalela inombolo ekhethekileyo yomnxeba engahlawulelwayo ukwazisa iingcali malunga ndigula okanye owenzakeleyo. uncedo bedolage ziya kunikwa ngoko nangoko. Ezi iikliniki, nehambisana neselula, ezixhaswa ngemali sipaji yoluntu. Ke njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni IsiNgesi Australia, phantse abe iingxaki ekufumaneni nabaxhasi kunye nabathengi kulo lonke jikelele.

Icandelo 9. flora ilizwekazi southern

Kwilizwekazi ngokwawo, kwaye ngenene kwisiqithi Australia, uye izihluma kunokuba engaqhelekanga. Okwangoku, kukho phantse ngaphezulu kwe-27 000 zezinto enezityalo, kuquka nezibonelelo ezikhoyo kunye nezityalo ezimbalwa, le iisampulu ezininzi umdla leyo kubizwa iyintlango Sweet ertyisi Sturt, telopeyu, banksia kunye abasebuthathaka dladla.

Abahambi badla Ndamangaliswa Yomnga ndawo, edume iMimosa Australian, zomgamtriya, msipres pine, imithi iti kunye mangroves.

Noko ke, mhlawumbi izityalo kakhulu okungaqhelekanga kubizwa ngokuba orchid duckbill. Person of umbala kule klasi ummeli sisityalo mihle ufana nedada encinane kunye funny kakhulu. Kodwa sawfly oyindoda izibone nenkazana, yaye ngoko nangoko aphaphazele aye ongaqondakaliyo. Ngenxa yoko, oko ngaphakathi isityalo ukuba njengentyantyambo encangathi iziqu kunye nesiseko. Nangona sinambuzane amahlwempu ukuzama ukuphelisa orchid esifubeni platypus ongenanceba, yena, naye, ngesisa lavishes umungu yayo. Balekela enkululekweni, inkunzi iyabhabha le zityalo zilandelayo, ukuhlakanipha kuyo, yaye ngaloo ndlela isandla ukwanda ngakumbi.

Icandelo 10 Capital of Australia - eyona engaqhelekanga kwi planethi

Kuphela kakhulu, njengoko bathi, kubume belizwe abantu ethanda nako ukuphendula ukuba isixeko iphambili kweli lizwe ayikho Sydney okanye Melbourne, njengokuba Kukholelwa, nemadlana Canberra. Kutheni le nto?

Le nkcazelo izandi kakhulu ilula: Australia Niyazihlonela elide kangaka ukunika entendeni ukuya kwesinye sezixeko ezimbini ezinkulu kweli lizwe, ukuze ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ukugqithisela ukuba umntu wesithathu. Canberra kwakhona sikhethwe yi ngengozi, kanye zokuhlala zimalunga nama tiko phakathi kulawulo ezimbini.

Icandelo 10 Imizi eziphambili kweli lizwe

Australia ... Ngokufutshane chaza ilizwe akunakwenzeka ukuba uphumelele, kunye needolophu eziphantsi kwayo, yaye ngakumbi njalo. Enye into ngokuqinisekile - ngamnye kubo kuqwalaselwa kwikona unique iplanethi yethu.

Sydney - indawo apho inkcubeko ngenyameko yaye, mhlawumbi, ukuba sobufundisi kunye ngobungcibi ezikhumbuzo endalo. Ubonakala mzi, bethabathela umgaqo nelizwe liphela, nguye eSydney louay, ehamba apho, njengoko balapha kunye nabakhenkethi abaninzi ndincome iimbono Opera House kunye Harbour Bridge.

Melbourne idume ngobuninzi awo iivenkile, ezivenkileni, cafes kunye zokutyela. Kwaye apha unako okuluncuthu elungiswe abapheki ukusuka phantse kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba.

E Brisbane kwindawo yokuqala ukuya bonke abathandi zasendle, zoo ethile. Kubonakala ukuba kutheni kukho abahamba ezininzi kangaka kunye nabantwana.

Adelaide - yidolophu okwetyeli, ehlabathini lonke utsala abakhenkethi abathandi elunxwemeni ikhephu-emhlophe, umphezulu ulwandle Azure kunye ilanga nokuthantamisa.

Icandelo 11. izinto ngokuNgaqhelekanga malunga Australia

• Australia - ezweni eye ecingweni mde ehlabathini. Kuye kwakhiwa ukukhusela umhlaba ochumileyo evela izitshabalalisi, dingoes zasendle. Ubude isakhiwo inani elikhulu yeekhilomitha 5614. mali Ilizwe yeyona loo iindleko ngothango, Kakade ke, njengoko bathi, intywenka yemali, kodwa kuphela kwendlela kube yinto enokwenzeka ukuba iinkomo kwiintshaba likhule apha.
• Ngaba uze kuyo ngathi imephu Australia? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba mhlawumbi uqaphele, kunjalo enkulu eli lizwekazi. Noko ke, urhulumente uzama ukwenza yonke into kwaye ngamanye amaxesha engenakwenzeka, abantu bakule apha kahle nekhuselekileyo. Nantso into eyayisenza isigqibo ngokusekwa ebizwa ngokuba "Oogqirha Flying" Loo. Ngoku, ukuba kuyimfuneko, iingcali unako ukuza uncedo, kude kuse kwiikona ezisemaphandleni kwilizwekazi.
• Abantu e Australia rhoqo njengoko umsebenzi iphambili yolimo ekhethiweyo. Oku akumangalisi, kuba kweli lizwekazi namhlanje yiplanethi amadlelo inkulu apho, kunge imihla iigusha ezimalunga ne-100 lezigidi 16,000 iinkomo.
• Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, Australia yaba indawo entolongweni abantu 160.000 ukusuka UK. Australian Open kwenzeka, yaye phantse nangoko Bandulukile apha iinqanawa abasuntsubala igweba. Asingabo bonke uyakwazi ukufumana ukuya mpumalanga, abaninzi bafa endleleni, kwaye silindele ilizwe ikhoyo. Enyanisweni, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga nama-25% abantu basekuhlaleni ukuze bakholwe ukuba ookhokho babo wafunyaniswa enetyala.
• Australia - eli lizwe ukuba engumnini nxalenye inkulu Antarctic, wasiwa kuye kwi-UK phantse 100 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ngo-1933. Le ndawo million 5.6 km ^2.
• Kubonakala ukuba kangaroos odumileyo siphile kuphela eOstreliya. Baya Izakufunyanwa endle eSkotlani. bevela phi apho? Eyona nto kukuba ookhokho babo ababekhe kwaziswa eYurophu imizekelo yogcino zabucala, engavumi ukuba, urhulumente phantse aphoswe exotic esitratweni. Ndiyavuma, ukuba umntu akunakwenzeka bangasiqasha izithuthi yokubuyiswa yikhangaru kweli lizwe lokuzalwa. Kubonakala ukuba inkoliso yabo sakhululwa nje siye endle.