Inqanaba kophuhliso loqoqosho zamazwe angabamelwane yaseFransi. Zeziphi amazwe ngakwimida France?

Namhlanje siza kuthetha inqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho zamazwe angabamelwane yaseFransi. Lelona lizwe likhulu yaseYurophu emva eRashiya naseUkraine. Namhlanje, eli lizwe ophezu yokwanda. Kwathi zoshishino kunye nezolimo.

Noko ke, nefuthe elibonakalayo kwi-European Union omnye abe urhulumente ekumda.

Kuphantsi kweziphi amathuba kunye nemiceli mngeni ke kwi-French abamelwane, siza kuthetha ngakumbi.

abamelwane French

Phambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe inqanaba lophuhliso zamazwe angabamelwane waseFransi, kukuba ukuthetha ngayo, naye, enyanisweni, imida karhulumente.

abamelwane Okwenziweyo eYurophu amazwe 8 - Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, eJamani, eItali, eSwitzerland, Belgium ne Spain. Kodwa kukho kwakhona ezintathu "kwamanye amazwe 'ummelwane.

La mazwe owayamene izinto isisiFrentshi Latin America. Isikakhulu le siqithi. Phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ukukhumbula Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion kunye Mayotte. Kwakhona kukho Guiana nezwe karhulumente.

Belgium

Inqanaba eliphezulu kophuhliso loqoqosho eBelgium waqalisa ukuphuhlisa avuke ngokusebenzisa imveliso ephakathi. Yiloo nto le lizwe kuthiwa "State-shop." Liege kunye Antwerp ezi gunsmiths abadumileyo kunye neengcibi yeshishini diamond, eFlanders - embindini noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo i eYurophu.

Ngokubanzi, ethetha ngoBukumkani eBelgium, bangabi sakhunjulwa phawu omnye. De kuye ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, waya ngokucaciswa olucacileyo kwiindawo zoshishino. Ngoko ke, abanye baba zizityebi ngokwaneleyo, abanye abantu ebezi uNothozamile ngakumbi.

Ukususela ngo-1945, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba i "imfundiso Galopina", kukho ukukhula elibukhali karhulumente. Phantse kuyo yonke indawo kukho mveliso kushishino ukukhanya eFlanders uqala ukuphuhlisa izicokisi, Antwerp uba inkulu izibuko wesithathu eYurophu. Ukongeza, e-Brussels wadlulisela ikomkhulu NATO kunye nezinye uluntu.

Eli lizwe abanamava ukuwa ezimbini. Kwiminyaka 1980-1982, xa intsilelo mali ifikelele kumgangatho we-13% ye-GDP, ityala likarhulumente linyuke kakhulu, ngokunjalo ngqesho. recession Second kwenzeka ngo-1992-1993. Ngexesha le ntlekele, ukukhula iyonke GDP yawa phantse ezimbini ekhulwini.

Kodwa ukusukela ngo-1994, inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho eBelgium laqala ukwenyuka. Namhlanje ubukumkani Kukho into band emhlophe kule ndawo. Nangona nengxaki kwezopolitiko iminyaka 2007-2010, GDP olukhulayo, kwaye intsilelo mali, kunye nentswelangqesho uya bhanyalaza.

Namhlanje, GDP ngamnye wonke 38-40 amawaka eerandi. Ngokutsho ku-2010 waye kwinqanaba-38 700 zeerandi.

Spain

Namhlanje, izinga uphuhliso loqoqosho e-Spain kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokutsho manani-2012, urhulumente ithatha indawo elinesine kwi simo zehlabathi amazwe.

Isebe iphambili kuqoqosho, fintu ubukumkani Spain ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi, kwaba ezolimo. Ubuninzi imihla, neentyantyambo zeamangile, yeminquma kunye iswekile basavalelwa ngaphandle lelo nguRhulumente. Uya kumangaliswa, kodwa isivuno zerayisi isiSpanish lelona liphezulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ukongeza, urhulumente ubonelela etsholo phezulu zengqolowa, newayini kunye yesitrasi. Kwinkalo yezolimo abandakanyeka ekhulwini malunga ezintathu kuphela sabantu abasebenzayo.

Kodwa indima ephambili kweli candelo loqoqosho kweli nqanaba libizwa kabukhali lifinyele. Namhlanje, kukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso zezihlangu, iintsimbi iimoto, izixhobo umatshini, eziviwayo kunye nevidiyo izixhobo, neekhemikhali.

Ukuba sithetha manani yamazwe ngamazwe elinesine iinkalo zemveliso, Spain ukho encotsheni ezintlanu nganye inxalenye.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho Spain ngenkankulu kuchaphazela ngqesho. Ummiselo ngokuba ilizwe uthathwa ukuba abe index yayo kwi-8-10%. Kumazwe amaninzi, oku kuya kuba yintlungu enkulu. Spain Konga kakhulu ngezinga eliphezulu zengqesho mthethweni kunye noqoqosho komhlaba.

Italy

Inqanaba kophuhliso loqoqosho Italy yahlukile kakhulu kwingingqi. Ukuba kwimimandla esemantla ziyaphuhliswa ngakumbi ngeendleko amashishini industrial, ngasezantsi kude emva kule nkalo. Kwiindawo eziphuhlisiweyo ngaphantsi yoqoqosho isithunzi uchume.

Isibetho ephambili kuqoqosho Italy - akukho kuleli ngokungemthetho ethile, yaye yonke ongenelelo ngokubanzi. Bona apha bekhangela iimeko zokuphila ezingcono zabantu ukusuka 'ihlabathi wesithathu. " Ingakumbi udume kwimimandla ekumzantsi, njengokuba apho ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukufumana umsebenzi kwinkalo yezolimo. Abaqeshi sibuye silungiselele nemeko efanayo. Illegals zithabathele iinkonzo zabo ngentlawulo encinane yemali, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba sichithe imali eninzi yezezimali ngaphandle ulwazi amagunya werhafu.

Namhlanje, inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho Italy yeyona inkulu yesithathu eYurophu. Amashishini ziphambili ukugcina eli lizwe "lezimali", oku kulandelayo: iimoto izithuthi kunye neyezihlunu, iimpahla ezimhlophe (iifriji, njalo njalo), izihlangu, iimpahla, noodles, iminquma, itshizi, iwayini, iziqhamo eyakhiwe.

Namhlanje, per GDP ngamnye (data ukususela ngo-2013) i 30 000 zeerandi. Izinga lentswela esemthethweni malunga asixhenxe ekhulwini (2006), kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso - 1.5% (2006).

Kuyinto ngenxa yembali ende kunye namava ekhethekileyo yeenkampani kwi North of Italy, eli lizwe unako ukumelana nengxaki esisigxina kwimimandla ekumzantsi kunye nokuphuma enamandla emnyango wabavela zomthetho mthethweni.

Germany

Inqanaba uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho Germany lelona liphezulu eYurophu yesihlanu simo amazwe. It ulahlekelwa kuphela iingxilimbela ezifana ne-US, China, Japan ne India.

Njengoko republic post-mveliso aphuhlileyo, Germany isixa inqununu eyinkunzi evela kwicandelo nkonzo. Kungenxa kweli candelo imisebenzi abaninzi. Kwakhona anayo 78% of GDP (ngo-2011).

Le peculiarity le meko German kwezoqoqosho ukubambelela ixesha elide ukuya imodeli imarike lwentlalo. Oku wenguqulo ibandakanya intsebenziswano close iimanyano zabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi, izinga werhafu eliphezulu. Eyona iphambili yale modeli anikiweyo intliziyo loshishino kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, eqinisekisa uphuhliso emarikeni kunye abanokubhenela ukwabiwa ubutyebi.

Kwelinye icala, kwanika iziphumo ezinkulu negalelo ibuyambo ekhawulezileyo yelizwe emva ilahleko ezimbini kwiimfazwe zehlabathi. Namhlanje, izinga uphuhliso loqoqosho e-Germany liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ke le nto uye kwicala emnyama.

inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu irhafu ivelisa inani elikhulu abaxhomekeke kuwe. Xa kuthelekiswa, umzekelo, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, imali ukuba iirhafu eJamani wafikelela 65%, lo gama i-US - malunga ne-32%. Ngokutsho manani, ukususela kwi $ 100 imali net kwi iminikelo kwabasemagunyeni ekuhlaleni itsaliwe $ 81.

Namhlanje, irhafu iingeniso abangabelwanga - 50%. E-GDP ngowama-2013 - 40 amawaka eerandi nganye capita, izinga lentswela - 5.5%, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso - 2.1%.

Switzerland

Siza kuqhubekeka ukuqwalasela inqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho zamazwe angabamelwane yaseFransi. Ngokufutshane abamelwane ezinkulu, ezifana eItali, Spain kunye Jamani efunda. Ngoku sixoxa ithi ezincinane. Eyokuqala isishwankathelo Swiss Confederation.

Eli lizwe ke utyebile ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ngokomlinganiselo ngqo le nkqubo angaphandle kunye nobudlelwane ngamazwe. Eyona ndawo iphambili apho wafumana enabela ezinkulu zemali, i zebhanki. Namhlanje e Switzerland kukho ngaphezu kwamakhulu amane iibhanki. Ngenxa cala izinto ziyimfihlo malunga nolwazi lomthengi eli lizwe, cash flow ukhula ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ngaphandle kweli candelo, inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho Switzerland kuchaphazela zamayeza, imichiza, ishishini ukutya, ukuveliswa iiwotshi, itshizi kunye itshokolethi.

Okubalulekileyo, Isimanga, nguye ezolimo. Yamkelekile kwelungiselelo elikhethekileyo kunye norhulumente. Yeyona kubalimi abo benza ukuvelisa iimveliso nokusingqongileyo zezityalo kunye okusuka kwizilwanyana, ukuba iinzuzo zerhafu ebalulekileyo.

Kakuhle ngokwaneleyo kwenziwa Switzerland na amanqwanqwa inshorensi kunye nokhenketho. Le yokugqibela, ingakumbi, kuzisa urhulumente billion ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha franc ngonyaka.

Luxembourg

Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela inqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho zamazwe angabamelwane yaseFransi. Ngoku siza kuqwalasela indlela ilizwe elincinane, nto leyo usesikhundleni phambili kuphuhliso kunye nempumelelo labemi.

Duchy ithatha indawo ye kuphela amabini kunye newaka nesiqingatha ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Abemi malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi sabantu. Kodwa GDP ngamnye imalunga 129 lamawaka eerandi.

Isebe engundoqo, ochaphazela inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho Luxembourg, i ishishini enzima. Ngokukodwa, kude 1997, wenza isantya kunye ngentsimbi zoshishino ubuninzi. Namhlanje ayisebenzi, akukho ezikweni nokuphalazeka kwelifu, intsimbi zigqithiswe ukusuka ezilahliweyo.

Inani labemi yengeniso esisiseko wamkela kwicandelo inkonzo, ukhenketho, zebhanki kunye norhwebo. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu abasebenzayo le Duchy abaqeshwe kule ndawo.

Kukhenketho esilawulwa iintsingiselo ezimbini - iiholide ajinga-enyebelezayo. Endle wezemali njengoko isibheno nakakhulu kude nonxweme. Ngoko ke, xa duchy ka Luxembourg yi iibhanki ngamazwe ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini.

Ezimalunga nophuhliso omkhulu onjalo, Isimanga, neqhubayo ukubakho kunjalo nje nezolimo. Eyona yesintu la macandelo alandelayo - imfuyo, yomdiliya zoshishino kunye horticulture.

Monaco

Ukuba uzama ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi amazwe ngakwimida France kwimephu kwezopolitiko eqhelekileyo of Europe, aninako uqaphele ngamazwe amabini, nto leyo sixoxa ngezantsi.

Eyokuqala kwezi - i seLizwe Monaco. It is a ilizwe elincinane, omnye kunazo eYurophu. indawo angu nje ezimbini square, kwaye labemi - malunga 36 amawaka abantu. GDP nganye capita - 170 amawaka eerandi.

Phi na phofu turnover le meko ezincinane ephezulu? Makhe sijonge ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, inqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kumazwe angabamelwane yaseFransi kakhulu ixhomekeke kolu shishino, ezolimo, iinkonzo kunye neebhanki.

Kodwa kweli lizwe ezincinane isithuba esincinane kangaka kunye nabahlali abaninzi, ukuba ishishini, okanye nayiphi na enye imveliso yempahla yokuzithenga ukunika lizwe ngokwezimali.

I seLizwe Monaco liqulunqe kuphela ubumnandi kubakhenkethi amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Nazi ezinye yabaqhubi ityebileyo ehlabathini (e Monte Carlo sixeko) nebakala abanjwe "Formula 1" iintlanga.

Ukongeza kwezi nkalo, ingeniso engakumbi ivela ngokukhanyisa ubomi bentsapho njengenkosana kumajelo eendaba, kwakunye isiphelo eliphezulu-tourism. Indawo yokuhlala e Monaco yeyona ibiza kakhulu ehlabathini. Ngokomzekelo, bakrazula-lokulala Apartments uhla apha kummandla euro 4000 ngenyanga nganye, ngelixa umvuzo kwi-3200-3500 Euro. Kodwa ke iindleko square metre kwezithobekileyo yokwenene ngamnye ekuthengisweni iqala euro-20 000.

Andorra

Ukuba ujonga imaphu kwezopolitiko, ngalo amazwe nayo ngomda eFransi, kwaye awukwazi ukubona oku ubulawuli ezincinanana kumda ne Spain. Kummandla Andorra luthathe 468 kuphela ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Inani labemi - malunga 70 amawaka abantu. GDP - umlinganiselo 35,000-capita nganye.

80 pesenti kwimveliso zasekhaya lizwe inikwa kwicandelo lezokhenketho. ngonyaka ngamnye eze apha malunga nezigidi ezisithoba ngabantu, kunye ubuninzi ngoka iiholide ski.

Olungele ulimo, malunga amabini ekhulwini kuphela ntsimi. Ukhulisa e Andorra, iitapile, nerhasi, icuba kunye rye. Akumangalisi ukuba igama lizwe kunye ulwimi Basque lithetha "kuhlakulwa."

Ingxaki ephambili seLizwe Andorra kukuba inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho lwamazwe angabamelwane - France kunye Spain - nefuthe ngqo kwindawo yakhe. Le meko ngenxa yokuba ukuba undersized lizwe ukutya nezinto ekrwada.

A plus iqinisekileyo umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu ethambileyo, ungenelelo zisezantsi kuqoqosho ngurhulumente. Le yokugqibela, ingakumbi, ikhuthaza amashishini ukuba ukusebenza kunye phantse akukho izithintelo.

Kwakhona, kukho ummandla lorhwebo olukhululekileyo. Ngoko, kwi seLizwe Andorra, bafika iiholide ski zasekuhlaleni, unako ukuthenga ezikumgangatho ophezulu impahla French neSpanishi ngezantsi ngeendleko 25-40% yexabiso kumazwe angabamelwane.

komakhelwane "baphesheya"

Ekugqibeleni siya kukhankanya States owayamene Overseas France. Ezi ziquka Brazil, Suriname kunye Netherlands Antilles.

Brazil - kuyaqapheleka njengento elikhulu kwezoqoqosho Latin America. It usesikhundleni phambili kwi Mercosur (imarike emanyeneyo Umzantsi Melika). Eyona njongo iphambili yale mboni kwimimandla ekumzantsi. Ikhupha eyama, iimoto, intsimbi, ikofu, iswekile, izihlangu, ilaphu kunye nezinye iimveliso.

labantu mpofu kakhulu ohlala imimandla yomntla-mpuma. Noko ke, le mizi ngoku iqalisa ukuba nomtsalane utyalo enkulu ngenxa yokuphucula inkqubo yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.

Ngokungafaniyo isigebenga edlulileyo, Suriname lelona lizwe elihluphekileyo Latin America. Uqoqosho urhulumente isekelwe kushishino kunye nezolimo.
Apha Khupha lwamafutha kwintsele yolwandle, webauxite, igolide aluminium. Sicande iinkuni.

Khula coconuts, irayisi, peanuts kunye neebhanana. Kukho abalimi abazibandakanya imfuyo yenkukhu.

Xa iyonke, ngokutsho imithombo ezisemthethweni kwezi ndawo baxakeke malunga ikota yabantu abasebenzayo.

Netherlands Antilles kude nonxweme zithathwa ukuba abe mdala ehlabathini. Le meko uhlala ngeendleko kweenkonzo, petroleum yokucokisa zokuhamba, kwakunye nokulungiswa iinqanawa.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siza dismantle imeko yezoqoqosho apho kukho kumazwe angabamelwane waseFransi.

luck ezilungileyo kuwe, zintánda. Iindawo ezinika umdla ngaphezulu!