Inkqubo yokugaya izilwanyana: izixhobo zesakhiwo

Izilwanyana zizilwanyana ezondla abantwana babo ngobisi. Zizona zihleleke kakhulu. Inkqubo yokuxhamla, isondo, isondlo, ukuphefumula kunye nokujikeleza kwezilwanyana ezincelisayo kunzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabameli bezinye iiyunithi ezicwangcisiweyo. Kodwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikezwe kwisakhiwo senkqubo yokutya.

Ukutya kunye nokutya

Isondlo ngenye yeempawu eziphambili zezinto eziphilayo. Le nkqubo inokungenisa izinto kwi-body, ekuguqulweni kwazo nasekukhutshweni kwezinto ezithintekayo zokutya. Kwimimandla ekhethekileyo yokugaya ukusetyenziswa - ukucoca kwezidalwa eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi (amaprotheni, lipids, i-carbohydrates) zibe zilula ezingafakwa kwigazi. Kutheni ama-biopolymers aphuka kwiindawo zawo? Inyaniso kukuba iamolekyu yabo inkulu kakhulu, kwaye ayinako ukungena kumzila wesondlo ukuya kwigazi. Inkqubo yokugaya inyama yezilwanyana ezincelisayo ayikho. Inombonakalo wempawu eyahlula kwezinye iinqununu.

Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokugaya izilwanyana

Le nkqubo yeenxalenye inamalungu amabini: i-canal kunye neentlanzi. Eyokuqala, ukutya kugcinwe, izondlo zixutywe egazini, kwaye izitrasi zayo ezingenakwenziwa zikhutshwe. Umsele wokutya uquka amacandelo alandelayo: umlomo womlomo, i-pharynx, isophagus, isisu, isisu samancinci esikhulu, siphela kwi-anus. Ngalo, iinqununu ezingapheliyo zisuswe. Iimpawu zesakhiwo se-digestive system yezilwanyana ezincelisayo nazo zikhona phambi kweentlanzi. Ezi zizodwa zizodwa ezikhoyo ezi-enzymes ezikhoyo - i-catalyst biological ekhuthaza inkqubo yokugaya i-biopolymer.

Iimpawu zokugaya kwisigxobo somlomo

Izitho zenkqubo yokugaya izilwanyana, okanye kunoko umsele, ziqala ngomlomo womlomo. Iidama kunye nemilomo yakha indawo engaphambili. Kulapha iindidi ezimbini zokusetyenziswa kokutya zivela. Iimpawu zenziwa ngamacandelo amazinyo kunye nolwimi oluhlukeneyo, imichiza - i-enzyme yeengqungquthela zentambo. Apha bahlula uhlobo olulodwa lwezinto eziphilayo-i-carbohydrate enzima ye-polysaccharides ibe yinto elula, i-monosaccharides.

Ukwahlukana kwamazinyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokutya kunye nendlela echithwa ngayo. Izilwanyana zinezixhobo eziphuculweyo kakhulu, ngenxa yeerbivores, i-molars i-flat-shaped, iminyango ayinawo amazinyo.

Ukugonywa kwisisu

Isixuku esityekayo esivela emlonyeni womlomo nge-esophagus phambili ukuya kwisisu - inxalenye ephakamileyo kakhulu yomsele wonke. Iindonga zakhe ze-muscular ziqala ukuvumelwano kunye nokutya kudibene. Nantsi ixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zamachiza. I-digestive, inkqubo yokujikeleza yezilwanyana ezincelisayo isondelelene kakhulu. Ijusi yegastric idiliza iiprotheni kunye neep lipids zibe yimiloom Kuphela kule fomu bawela egazini.

Ukugonywa kumathumbu

Inkqubo yokugaya izilwanyana iyaqhubeka emathumbu: inqabile kwaye inzima. Ukutya okusemandleni esiswini kwisisu esincinci kungena isebe lokuqala. Nantsi kukho ukuhlukaniswa kokugqibela nokuxutywa kwezinto kwigazi kunye ne-lymph. Icandelo lokuqala lomathumbu omncinci libizwa ngokuba yi-duodenum. Ivula amadada wepascreas nesibindi. Umathumbu omkhulu ngumgca wokuphela kwenkqubo yokugaya. Apha, ininzi yamanzi ibanjwe kwaye iifesi zenziwe, zikhutshwe ngokucacileyo kwi-rectum.

Iintlanzi zokugaya

Inkqubo yokugaya inyama yezilwanyana ezincelisayo ibonakaliswa ngobuninzi beentlanzi. Le yimizimba apho i-enzyme ikhona. Kwisithambiso somlomo kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeengqungquthela zomnxeba. Bathumela i-mucus engenambala. Ukubunjwa kwamathambo kufaka amanzi, i-enyme amylase kunye ne-maltase kunye ne-mucus ye-mucus. Ngamnye wabo wenza umsebenzi wayo. Amanzi agxotha ukutya, i-lysozyme ixosha ama-microorganism kwaye iphilisa amanxeba, i-amylase kunye ne-maltase iyahlula i-carbohydrates, i-mucin inefuthe elikhuselekileyo.

Ukubunjwa kwejusi yesisu kuqukethe i-hydrochloric acid, eyenza i-retard ibeke iinkqubo ezenziweyo kwaye ivuselele umbane. Izinto ezongeziweyo ziyi- enzymes pepsin ne-lipase, elandelanayo, ilandele iiprotheni kunye neep lipids. I-Hydrochloric acid iyisisombululo esisebenzayo, inokukwazi ukususa i-mucosa yesisu. Le nyathelo ikhuselwe yi-mucus (mucin).

I-pancreas ivelisa ijusi yokutya, equkethe i-enzymes ye trypsin, lipase kunye ne-amylase. Ekugqibeleni bawaphula yonke into ebalulekileyo.

Indima yesibindi nayo inkulu. Ihlala idala i-bile. Ukungena emathunjini amancinci, i-emulsifies amafutha. Ingundoqo yale nkqubo yintlukwano yala ma-biopolymers zibe ngamaconsi amancinci. Kule fomu bahlawuleza ngokukhawuleza baze bathathwe ngumzimba. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-enzymes, ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi yemoto yamathumbu, ukuyeka iinkqubo zokubeka izixhobo - oku kusebenze kwesibindi.

Ziziphi i-enzyme?

Kwaye ngoku ngoku ngakumbi malunga nohlobo kunye nendlela yokwenza i-enzymes. Njengezinto zokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo, zikhawuleza ukuphendula kweekhemikhali. Igalelo lokugaya izilwanyana liphela nje indawo yesenzo se-enzymes.

Iimpawu zondlo lwezilwanyana ezincelisayo

Isethi yokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zezinto ukusuka kwithuba lokungena emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba u-excretion ubizwa ngokuba yi-metabolism. Le yimeko eyimfuneko yokukhula, ukuphuhliswa kunye nobukho obulula bezinto eziphilayo. Amaqela ahlukeneyo ezinxilisayo aguquke ngokuhlukileyo kwi-extraction of food. Abaphangi bahlasela izilwanyana ezibuthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, banamazinyo aphucukileyo, okubandakanya ama-incisors kunye ne-canines. Zininzi kunye neentsholongwane ezinobungozi kunye nezinambuzane. Eyona nto inomdla yizilwanyana ezigqithisayo. Inkqubo yabo yokugaya iyinkimbinkimbi. Izixhobo ezivela phezulu zingabikho ngokupheleleyo, zithatyathwa yinto yokuguqulwa kwamazinyo, kwaye i-fangs ayinakuphuhliswa. Uhlobo olunjalo lwamazinyo lubalulekile ukuhlafuna utshani - i-chewing gum. Iigrafes, iinkomo kunye nezilonda zifana nabameli beli qela lezilwanyana. Isisu sabo sinamacandelo amane. Bathwala amagama ebomvu, umnatha, incwadi, i-abomasum. Kwizinto zokuqala zokutya ezilitshiweyo ziphuka kwiindawo eziqinileyo kunye namanzi. I-chewing gum ibuyisela kwakhona isisu ukusuka emlonyeni ize ihlolwe kwakhona. Emva kokucwangciswa ngokukhawuleza ukutya ngokukhawuleza kuwela kwisebe lesithathu - incwadi, kwaye ukusuka apho-ukuya kwi-abomasum. Kulo candelo lokugqibela, sele sele libonakaliswe kwizenzo zesantya sesantya kwaye ekugqibeleni uqhotyoshelwe.

Izilwanyana ezingekhoyo i-ruminant, ezinjengeebhokhwe zasendle, ihagu kunye namavubu, zinesisu esisilula esisodwa kunye nesistim sokugaya.

Ukubamba ukutya, ezinye izilwanyana zisebenzisa izilwanyana. Ngoko, indlovu ibeka ukutya emlonyeni ngoncedo lwesiqu. Kwaye izilwanyana ezitya i-nectar zineenkomfa kunye neelwimi ezinjengeenkomfa. Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sifumaneka nokutya. Uninzi lwamagundane evenkile kwiiteksi zedama.

Inkqubo yokugaya izilwanyana kunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, iimpawu zayo zixhomekeke kwimeko yokutya kunye nokuhlala kwezilwanyana.