Inkqubo yepayipi. Izixhobo zemithi ye-coniferous

I-Pine iyimithi yepineyini exabisekileyo , ixhaphake kwintsimi yelizwe lethu. Isihlahla esihlala sisiqhamo sihlala sihamba naye. Siye sijwayele ukumbona uEva kaNtshonalanga endlwini, ngokukhumbula ngonaphakade ukuvumba kwayo. Ewe, kwaye kwiindawo ezisehlathini zihlala zizihlahla zemithi. Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, zifikelela kwimitha engamashumi amane ukuphakama. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha umthi oneminyaka eyi-100 unokuhlala ngonomncinci omncinane. Esi sityalo sino-photophilous. Inokuthi ikhuselwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwixesha elide.

Inkcazelo yephayini

Umthi ufikelela kwimitha engamashumi amane ukuphakama. Ikwazo izityalo zobukhulu bokuqala. Ingqungquthela yesiqu ingafikelela kumitha enye. I-pine bark ibonisa umbala obomvu obomvu kunye nemigudu yeengxenye ezixubileyo. Kwinqanaba lomthi likhulu kakhulu kunentla. Uhlobo lwakhulelwa ngokufanelekileyo ngenjongo yokukhusela. Ingqungquthela yepine engxenyeni engezantsi ikhusela ukutshiswa komlilo.

Isityalo esincinci sinesimo somfanekiso wesithsaba. Ukukhula, ikhula ngokujikeleza, ikhula, kwaye umthi wokuguga uzuza umbelliform okanye isakhiwo esicatyiweyo. Iinaliti zePine, njengommiselo, ziyimbala eluhlaza. Ingumqulu oqukethe iinaliti ezimbini. Zifumaneka kwiofisi yesebe. I-Khvoinki kakhulu kwaye ibonwe, iphathwe ngokukhawuleza, kunye nomgca omncinci wecala. Izilwanyana zihlala iminyaka emithathu. Kwixesha lekwindla, liwela ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenzeka ngoSeptemba. I-Khvooinki phambi kokuba ipeyinti ephuzi, yenza i-pin ibonakale ihluke.

Iidonsa zePine

Inkcazo yepineyini ayiyi kuphelelwa ngaphandle kokukhankanya iisoni. Zifumaneka enye enye, okanye ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwiimilenze zikhangele phantsi. I-cone ye-pine eluhlaza inomfanekiso obumbene kunye ne-green hue hue. Ngamanye amaxesha umbala omnyama unokwenzeka. Kwaye kuphela ngowomnyaka wesibini kuvelisa, ukufumana umthunzi omnyama okanye omnyama. Ubungakanani bekona buhluka ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-6 cm, kwaye ububanzi bu-2-3 cm.

Ubomi bakhe buqala ngokubunjwa kwebhola encinci ebomvu. I-pine bud. Kubonakala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngexesha apho amahlumela amancinci avela kwiintso aqala ukukhula emthini. Okokuqala abanalo inaliti, kwaye iidonsi zamaconsi zifumaneka kwiimpawu zazo.

Zonke iifama zasehlotyeni zikhula kwaye kunye nokufika kwekwindla kube ngumbala oluhlaza ubukhulu be-pea. Bahlala njengawo wonke ubusika. Kwaye ngokuza kwentwasahlobo, baqala ukuphuhlisa phambili. Ekupheleni kwehlobo i-cone ifinyelela ubukhulu bomntu. Kwaye ngohlobo olusenyakalusika luya kuba luhlaza, luvuthwe, kodwa alukavuleki. Izikali zalo zisacinezelekile, ngoko imbewu yephayini ayisayi kuthunyelwa. Yaye le nkqubo iya kuqala kuphela kwintwasahlobo yesithathu, xa iqhwa lichithwa. Amaconsi aya kuqala ukuma elangeni, ngenxa yoko izikali zivulekile, kwaye imbewu yemaphiko yepineyini ishiya indlu yawo.

Iifayile zihlukanisa phakathi kwamabhinqa namaduna. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Abasetyhini basemaphakathini amahlumela amancinci, kwaye amadoda ayesondelene neziseko zawo. Ngoko ke amadoda angcolisa i-pollen yabo. Ukufakelwa kwemfuyo kwenzeka kuphela emva konyaka. Konke oku, i-pollen, ukubetha i-cone yabesifazane, iphumle.

Isakhiwo sepine

Enyanisweni, isakhiwo sepine sifana naso nayiphi na enye imithi. Inomthi, ingcambu, amasebe aneenaliti. Inkqubo yeengcambu iyafanelekela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Okwangoku, ezine iintlobo zeenkqubo zengcambu ziyahluka:

• Unamandla, oqulethwe yingcambu ye-stem ephakamileyo kunye neebini, okuqhelekileyo kumhlaba ococekileyo.
• Unamandla ngeentonga ezingenanto, kodwa eziqinileyo zengxambu zengxowankulu ezikhula ngokufanayo nomhlaba. Olu khetho luyinto ebonakalayo kumhlaba owomileyo ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.
• Ubuthathaka, obandakanya kuphela iinkqubo ezincinci zokubamba. Iingcambu ezinjalo zepine zitholakala kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
• Inkqubo engenangqiqweni kodwa enobungqingili kwindlela yokuxubha isimbolo somhlabathi oqinileyo.

Inkqubo yeengcambu ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo kunye nemvelo yomhlaba apho umthi ukhula khona. Isimo sawo se-lamellar senza i-pin ixabiseke kakhulu. Iyakwenza ukusetyenziswa kwemithi ibe yindawo yokuthenga impahla. I-Pine ityalwe kumhlaba omdaka, owomileyo kunye ongafanelekanga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingcambu yepayini iqala ukukhula kwiqondo lokubanda ngaphezu kwama-degree amathathu. Ingena kwi-230-250 centimeters ejulile kwaye kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuphila ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngeminyaka engamashumi amathathu, iingcambu ziya kufumana ubungakanani obukhulu kunye nobunzulu obunzulu. Kwixesha elizayo, kukho ukwanda kokwanda kwenkqubo. Ngokubanzi kwiindlela ezihlukeneyo ezikhulayo ukuya ezilishumi okanye ezilishumi elinesibini. Njengoko okukubonwayo kuboniswa, iingcambu zepine zingena ezinzulwini ngenxa yeengcambu ezishiywe yingcambu ezibolileyo zeminye imithi. Kulolu hlobo lukulungele ukuhla phaya yonke iifutha zeentsundu ezincinane.

Isiqu sephayini

I-Pine ikhula kwintlanzi eninzi, inomthi onobuhle kunye nongcolileyo ngaphandle kwamaqhina. Kwizityalo ezingaqhelekanga kwiimeko zokuphakama, umthi ukhula ungaphantsi kwaye unomthi ogqithiseleyo. Ibhakede kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zepine inombala ohlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Ngaphantsi komthi unobumba obomvu kwaye obomvu, kunye nendawo ephakathi kunye nobunzima obomvu obomvu kunye namacwecwe amancinci.

Umthi we-coniferous ukhula njani?

Ukuba sithetha malunga nendlela kunye neyiphi ipayini ekhula ngayo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwanda okukhulu kunokuba kuphakama kwenzeka kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Kwaye kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo umthi ufikelele kwimitha engamashumi amathathu.

Ininzi yemithi yepayini ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kudala abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10 bayakhula minyaka yonke ukusuka kwi-30 kuya kuma-60 centimeters. Ngoko ukukhula konyaka kungafikelela kumitha enye phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-50, i-pin ayiyikukhula ngokuphakama, ubuninzi bomzimba bayo bukhula. Ngoko, i-pine ikhula kangakanani? Imithi yeConiferous ihlala ixesha elide. Ngokomyinge, bahlala ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-150 ukuya kwe-300. Akunjalo amanani amnandi?

Crown Crown

Ubume besithsaba sepine ehlathini buxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala. Umthi omncinane unemilo yecon. Emva koko utshintshile kwaye ibe ngumbelliform ukuguga.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amasebe emthi ahlelwe ngamanqanaba. Ngomnye wabo, kwinqanaba elinye, amasebe amane ukuya kwantlanu ahlukana ngamacala. Lawa abizwa ngokuba yi-whorls. Kwaye kunyaka ngamnye unyaka omtsha. Nangona kunjalo, ubudala balo mgaqo awukwazi ukuchongwa, ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswa izityalo ezincinci kuphela, kuba umdala, njengomthetho, amantombazana angaphantsi ayafa aze aphendule ngamagatsha.

Ukukhula kwephayini

Intsomi yaseTshayina ithi ipini ngumthi womlingo okhupha ingxaki kwaye uzisa abantu uvuyo. Ngako oko, ukutshala kufuphi nendawo yokukhusela ibonisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nenhlalakahle. Yaye ungesabi ubungakanani bomthi, kuba kukho imithi ephakamileyo yemipini, kwaye kukho iifom zokhenketho, ifom. Ukuba ufuna, unokukhetha ukhetho olufanelekileyo.

Ukutyala umthi wePine

Ukukhetha izithombo, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba imvelaphi yeengcambu ibonakala ngathi, ingaba inobungozi, nokuba ingaba i-clod yomhlaba. Konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Emva kokufakelwa kwipayini kukuxinzelela kwisityalo ngokwawo. Umonakalo omncinci, kulula kwaye msinya umthi uya kuphila. Sifuna ukugxininisa ukuba imbewu ayifanele ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Umthi omdala ungcono ukutshintshwa ebusika nge-clod yomhlaba.

Ngokubanzi, kukho amaxesha amabini apho ungatshala izityalo ze-coniferous:

• Spring - Aprili-Meyi.
• Ikwindla yokuqala ngo-Agasti-Septemba.

Ukutshintshwa kwepine? Okokuqala, umgodi ulungele ukufikelela emitha enzulu. Ukuba unesiqiniseko sokuthi umhlaba kwiwebhusayithi yakho inzima, ngoko phambi kokutshala kungcono ukwenza utywala, ugaleleke phantsi komgca werhafu kunye nesihlabathi (ubukhulu boluhlu lube ngu-20 cm). Kunconywa ukuba uzalise umgodi wokungena ngomxube ovuthiweyo womhlaba we-sod ngesihlabathi, ungeze i-nitroammophoska. Ngomhlaba u-acidic, i-200 grams ye- hydrated lime kufuneka ifakwe.

Xa ukufakelwa kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba ungalonakalisi iingcambu zepine. Ubunzulu bokutyala kufuneka kube yinto yokuba intamo yengcambu iphezu kwinqanaba lomhlaba. Ukuba uceba ukutyala isityalo esinye, kodwa iqela lonke, ngoko phakathi kwemithi kufuneka ugcine umgama ochanekileyo. Nantsi kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ubungakanani bemithi ezayo. Ukuba i-pine enkulu, ngoko umgama kufuneka ube mkhulu, ukuba ezi zizityalo zincinci, ngoko unokunciphisa umgama. Ngokomyinge, phakathi kwemithi ye-coniferous inikeza umgama wemitha enye nesigxina kunye ukuya kwezine. Ngokutyala okuchanekileyo , i-pin iphilisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayiguli. Uninzi lwezityalo ezincinci zinyamezela ukutshala ngokuzinzile. Kodwa ngobudala, le nkqubo iba buhlungu kakhulu.

Unokunyamekela njani ipineyini?

I-Pine ngumthi omuhle we-coniferous. Ukongezelela ubuhle, isidima sayo esibalulekileyo singenakuthobeka. Kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba umthi awudingi ukunakekelwa ngamandla. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka emibili yokuqala emva kokufakelwa, kufaka ingqiqo ukwenza izichumisi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuchumisa akunakuveliswa. Imfuneko ye-pine ewileyo ayisayi kususwa, iyenze phantsi komthi i-litter. Kuya kuqokelela ukutya okunomsoco, okuyimfuneko ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo.

Iipaki ziyimithi engaxinwa yinkomfa, ngoko ke ayidingi ukutyilisa. Kuphela izityalo ezincinci nemithi emifudlana kufuneka i-hydrated. Kodwa i-conifers ayithandi i-waterlogging. Iintlobo ezinokumelana namanzi zinyamezela ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukuthambisa ngexesha ngalinye. Izityalo zabantu abadala azidingeki ukuba zityilise. Abayinyamezeli kuphela ukushisa kwehlobo, kodwa kunye nokubanda kwebusika. Izityalo ezincinci zinokubandezeleka ngokushisa ilanga. Ukuthintela inkathazo enjalo, ihlanganiswe ne-lapnik okanye i-pritenyayut. Indawo yokukhusela ingasuswa phakathi ko-Apreli.

Iimpawu zokuvelisa

Iipalini zinokukhula ukusuka kwimbewu, kodwa iifom zokhenketho ziyafumaneka ngokugonywa. Izityalo azivelisi ngokucoca. Ukuze ufumane imbewu kwiisununu, kufuneka nje uzomise ngokufanelekileyo, umzekelo, kwibhetri. Kungekudala i-buds iya kuphahlazeka kwaye ivule. Imbewu inokufumaneka lula. Bahlwayelwa kwiibhokisi ezincinci. Ngezantsi ubeke umjelo, phezu kwawo uthele umxube ongaxubekanga wesihlabathi kunye ne-peat, ukufafaza ngomqolo womhlaba, uphalaze amanzi. Ubunzulu bokutyala kwembewu ngu-5-10 millimeters.

Iingcambu zePine zicetyiswa ukuba zikhule kwi-sandy loams kunye nenhlabathi ebumba. Ukuhlwayelwa kweMbewu kwenziwa, njengomthetho, entwasahlobo, nangona kunokwenzeka ekwindla. Iintlobo zincoma i-mulching. Kwiiveki ezintathu, amahlumela okuqala kufuneka avele. Izithombo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zikhule zize zinyuka ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, ize zitshintshelwe kwindawo engunaphakade. Nangona umthi ungakabi mkhulu kakhulu, akukho mngcipheko omncinci wokuthi ingcambu yepropini iya kubonakaliswa ngexesha lokutshintshwa.

Kukho neendlela zokukhuphula izithombo kwiimeko zokubamba ukunyuka kweminyaka emibini. Abo bajwayelene nenkqubo yokuququzelela bayakwazi ukusasaza umthi ngale ndlela. Kule nto, iinqununu zithathwa kwintlawulo yonyaka ukuya kwimithathu. Njengengcambu, imithi emine okanye emihlanu ubudala isetyenziswa. Zonke iinaliti kufuneka zisuswe, zishiye kuphela iifongo ezikwelapha ngaphaya kwe-rootstock. Ulwahlulo lwenziwe entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba iifomthi zihlulwe. Unokuzama ukukwenza oku ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukuba ugonyo lwenziwe entwasahlobo, sebenzisa ukuphunyuka komnyaka wokugqibela, kwaye ukuba ehlotyeni, ngoko uthabathe ubaleke kulo nyaka okhoyo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwesithsaba somthi

I-Pines, njengomthetho, ayifuni i-haircutcut. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lwawo, unokumisa isikhashana, okanye kunoko uthobe ukukhula kwe sityalo, wenze isithsaba saso sibe nzima. Ukwenza oku, awufuneki naziphi na izixhobo ezizodwa, ufuna nje ukuphula isahlulo sesithathu sokwanda komntwana ngeminwe yakho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeendlela ezilula ukusuka kwipayini kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze ibhonsai yegadi okanye nje umthi omncinane. Eyaziwayo kakhulu i-umbelliferous haircut pine. Ukuba ukhe uzimisele ukukhula ibhonsai, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ayilahlekelwa ifomu yakhe yokuhlobisa. Ufuna iimfucuza ezikhethekileyo kanye ngonyaka. Umsila omdala owenziwe ngebhonsai kunye nekhisi zegadi. Isityalo esincinci asinaso isithsaba esinobuninzi. Ngoko ke, ukudubula ngalunye kunqunyulwa ngokwahlukileyo. I-Coniferous shear ukusuka ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Eli lixesha elihle lixesha apho iinaliti zingakaqali.

Izilwanyana zezityalo ze-coniferous

Nangona kunjalo iipini kunye nezityalo ezingenakuthobeka, nangona kunjalo, zichaphazeleka zizifo ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zinokulwa ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ezingenasifo. Izifo zokugqibela zibangelwa zizimo ezibi. Oku kungabikho kokukhanya, umhlaba ompofu, umswakama ogqithiseleyo.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo zibangelwa yi-bhakteria, i-fungi, ii-virus, zonke iintlobo zeebhudla kunye nezidumbu. Ezizona ziyingozi kakhulu zizifo zefungal. Umthombo wentsholongwane unokuba ngumlotha we-coniferous ngokwayo, kuba uqokelela ubuninzi beentsholongwane kunye nefungi. Ziyingozi kuba zikhula kwiifomthi ezifile zomthi, zithembe i-toxins, ngenxa yoko umthi uyafa.

I-Pine isenokuchaphazeleka yizinambuzane. Ngokuqhelekileyo izityalo zihlaselwa yintambo. Ngexesha elifanayo, iipinele zeedini ziyawa. Kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nama-parasites, kungcono ukuwafakela ngamachiza xa izibungu ziphuma. I-bug encorption iyinto eqhelekileyo. Ukugqithisa iipinini kubangele iifungi, ezichaphazela inaliti. Esi sifo sibonakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo xa kuvela amabala aphuzi-olune-orange kwi-greenenery, nto leyo ebangela ukuqhutshelwa kwe-yellowing yeedaliti.

Nangona kunjalo, ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokucwangciswa okufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nazo zonke izinambuzane zingaphethwe ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Eyona nto iplani isityalo esilungileyo kwaye esingenakuthobeka, esoloko sikholisa iliso kunye nobuhle bayo obuqhelekileyo. Ukwazi ezinye zeemeko zokunyamekela kakuhle, unokukwazi ukukhula lula kumthi onjalo kumthi wakho.