Inkqubo yawo luvo ilawula ukusebenza kwawo onke amalungu oluntu. Umsebenzi, ixabiso kunye nendima yenkqubo yawo nervous

I-luvo yawo indoda nefuthe elingqale kule umsebenzi wamalungu ezininzi lwangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo. Ngenxa yakhe, wenza yokuphefumla, ukujikeleza, intshukumo kunye neminye imisebenzi emzimbeni womntu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba nangona nempembelelo yayo eninzi, inkqubo yawo nervous yi kakhulu "imfihlo", okt. E., Akukho namnye unako va ngokucacileyo utshintsho kuyo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba kufuneka ukuba ahlawule thina ingqalelo ngenxa indima ngalinye emzimbeni womntu.

Inkqubo yabantu luvo: uqhekeko

Umsebenzi ophambili eNdibano yesiZwe yabantu - kukuba ukwenza icebo lokuba kuza kudibanisa onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo omzimba womntu kunye. Ngenxa yoko, wayeza kukwazi ukubakhona yaye zisebenza. Isiseko nokusebenza kwenkqubo luvo womntu uhlobo lwesakhiwo leyo kuthiwa neuron (zenza ukuqhagamshelana nge inkqubela-luvo kunye nezinye). Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba abantu owakhiwe NA yintlanganisela kumasebe ezimbini: isilwanyana (somatic) kunye ezimeleyo (kwezityalo) iinkqubo luvo. Okokuqala wadala ikakhulu umzimba womntu uqhagamshelane ne-bume lwangaphandle. Ngoko ke, inkqubo unalo yesibini igama layo - isilwanyana (.. Ie, isilwanyana), ngokwenza loo misebenzi leyo ezendeleyo kubo. Ixabiso le nkqubo yawo nervous abantu ayikho ibalulekile, kodwa eli umsebenzi wayo yahluke kakhulu - ulawulo phezu kwabo imisebenzi zinoxanduva ukuphefumla, ukwetyisa kunye nezinye iindima, ubukhulu becala ezendeleyo izityalo (kungoko inkqubo igama yesibini - ezimeleyo).

Yintoni inkqubo yawo ukoyika umntu?

Olandela isebenza ngoncedo zemithambo-luvo (a iseti iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunye waso zabo). Nabo ke, ukusebenza ngaloo abathumela imiqondiso ethile amasebe awohlukeneyo, amadlala kunye neenkqubo ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i-luvo yinxalenye yenkqubo yawo luvo uxanduva intliziyo (ukunciphisa oku), ukusebenza iphecana zesisu (peristalsis), umsebenzi kwamadlala amathe. Eneneni, ke ngoko, bathi inkqubo yawo nervous ihlela umsebenzi amalungu kunye neenkqubo engaqondanga, ukususela ekuqaleni le misebenzi baba ezendeleyo izityalo, uze emva koko nezilwanyana kunye nabantu. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ezenza isiseko VNS, ezinako ukudala ingxinano abathile, ibekwe ebuchotsheni kunye umnqonqo. Sanikwa igama "eziba yawo." Kwakhona kufutshane amalungu kunye umnqonqo kwezityalo isebe NA unako ukwakha ganglia. Ngenxa yoko, isiqalo kwezityalo - yinxalenye engundoqo yenkqubo yezilwanyana ganglia - neuropathy. Enyanisweni, rinte yahlulwe ezimbini: i novelwano kunye parasympathetic.

Yintoni indima VNS emzimbeni womntu?

Amaninzi abantu abakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo olula: "Le nkqubo yawo luvo elawula umsebenzi apho:? Izihlunu, amalungu okanye iinkqubo"
Enyanisweni, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, kuba luhlobo oluthile "impendulo" omzimba womntu kwizinto evela ngaphandle kunye ngaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba inkqubo yawo nervous usebenza emzimbeni wakho wesibini zonke, kodwa umsebenzi wayo imperceptible. Umzekelo, ummiselo karhulumente yesiqhelo kwabantu yangaphakathi (ukujikeleza, yokuphefumla, zilahliwe, amanqanaba hormone, njl ...) - kodwa indima ephambili kwinkqubo yawo luvo. Ukongeza, ukuba uyakwazi nempembelelo ngqo kwi nezinye iincindi zomzimba womntu, umzekelo, izihlunu (igazi, skeletal), amalungu ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, ukwanda okanye yindibanisela umfundi), umhlaza kwinkqubo yonyango, kwaye ngaphezulu. Inkqubo yawo luvo elawula umsebenzi umzimba womntu ngu neziphumo ezahlukileyo amalungu, nabanako ngokuqhelekileyo zibonakala ngeentlobo ezintathu:

- ukulawula yokucolwa kwi iiseli kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo,-kuthiwa ulawulo trophic;

- nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi umsebenzi amalungu, umzekelo, umsebenzi entliziyweni - imisipha ulawulo functional;

- ukusebenza ngomhla amalungu ngenxa yokwanda okanye ukwehla yokumpompoza kwegazi - ulawulo vasomotor.

Ukubunjwa yabantu VNS

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela into eziphambili: niyazi yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini: i novelwano kunye parasympathetic. Owokugqibela lidla enxulumene kunye neenkqubo ezifana, ezifana wrestling, nokubaleka, t. E. Ukomeleza imisebenzi amasebe awohlukeneyo.

Kulo mzekelo kukho ezi nkqubo zilandelayo: ukwanda kwentliziyo izihlunu nokuhla (kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi ngasentla oqhelekileyo), ukubila ukwanda, umfundi ukwanda, amahlwempu umsebenzi emathunjini peristalsis. Inkqubo parasympathetic luvo isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo, okt. E. indlela eyahlukileyo. Yena ungachazwa izenzo ezinjalo emzimbeni womntu, apho uphumle kwaye afunde yonke. Xa uqalisa ukusebenzisa indlela ukusebenza kwawo, iinkqubo ezilandelayo: miosis, kunciphise umbilo, izihlunu intliziyo isebenza ngakumbi okwanamhlanje (oko kukuthi, oku kunciphisa inani emanxebani ..), isisu peristalsis luvuliwe, wehlise uxinzelelo lwegazi. VNS ayenzayo ukusebenza vysheizuchennyh amasebe ayo. imisebenzi yabo ziyadlelana ugcina umzimba womntu siyinonophele. Ngokomthetho okulula, amacandelo idatha SNC kufuneka ingakhona entsokothileyo, njalo ukuncedisana omnye. Le nkqubo isebenza kuphela kuba iinkqubo parasympathetic novelwano luvo ezinako yokukhulula neurotransmitters yekeyeke kunye namaziko kunye neenkqubo ngokusebenzisa ngemiqondiso-luvo.

Ukubeka iliso nokuqinisekisa inkqubo yawo nervous - ntoni na?

Imisebenzi yenkqubo yawo nervous ziphantsi kolawulo okuqhubekayo kwamaziko ezininzi ezinkulu:

1. umnqonqo. Inkqubo onovelwano luvo (SNS) idala izinto ukuba zibe kufutshane intambo esiqwini spinal, kunye kwanangamacandelo alo lwangaphandle fanekisela kwisahlulo parasympathetic ye rinte.
2. Brain. Uye le mpembelelo ngqo kwi umsebenzi iinkqubo parasympathetic novelwano luvo, ngokulungelanisa imeko intsalela wonke umzimba.
3. Isiqu ingqondo. Olu hlobo ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Oku uyakwazi na ukulawula imisebenzi rinte, ezizezi parasympathetic wayo (uxinzelelo lwegazi, yokuphefumla, izinga intliziyo, njalo njalo).
4. Yobuchopho - yinxalenye le diencephalon. Ichaphazela umbilo, ukwetyisa, umyinge intliziyo, njalo-njalo. D.
5. Inkqubo limbic (enyanisweni, kodwa ke iimvakalelo zabantu). Ifunyanwa phantsi neuron. It unefuthe umsebenzi kumasebe VNS.

Thathela ingqalelo ngasentla, kanye indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yawo luvo, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi yayo ilawulwa amacandelo ezibalulekileyo komzimba womntu.

Imisebenzi olwenziwe rinte

Eqale kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo xa abantu bafunda ukuba ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima. into Imisebenzi yenkqubo yawo nervous ezinxulumene ngqo umsebenzi uqhekeko emibini. Ngoko ke, inkqubo parasympathetic unako ukubuyisela ukusebenza komzimba womntu emva kokuba ni ntshikilelo (okanye ipoti ye-novelwano yeSebe a). Ngenxa yoko, ukulungelelana zikarhulumente ngokweemvakalelo. Kakade ke, le nxalenye SPA likwanoxanduva kwezinye iindima ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ukuphumla kunye ubuthongo, ukwetyisa, kunye nokuzala. Yonke le ikhutshwa phandle acetylcholine (a into ezithwala zizimvo luvo ukusuka kwenye luvo ifayibha ukuya kwenye). Umsebenzi kwisahlulo elalivelana rinte lifuna ukuqinisa zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo umzimba womntu: kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuba amalungu amaninzi kunye neenkqubo, ukunyuka kweqondo intliziyo, ukubila wande, nangaphezulu. Ezi nkqubo kunokumnceda umntu ukuba a simo. Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba inkqubo yawo nervous elawula umsebenzi umzimba womntu xa bebonke, okanye ngenye indlela echaphazela oku.

Inkqubo onovelwano luvo (SNS)

Le yinxalenye yabantu SNC linxibelelene umlo okanye impendulo komzimba kwizinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. iimpawu zayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- lingancipha izibilini (peristalsis), ngokunciphisa igazi ukuhamba kuyo;

- landa ebila;

- xa umntu engekho umoya ngokwaneleyo, oko VNS yi zizimvo ezifanelekileyo luvo oluya bronchioles;

- ngenxa vasoconstriction lokonyuka kwegazi;

- normalizes igazi amanqanaba glucose ngenxa ukuncitshiswa layo esibindini.

Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba inkqubo yawo nervous elawula umsebenzi izihlunu skeletal - abo babandakanyeka ngqo kwicandelo yayo novelwano. Ngokomzekelo, xa umzimba wakho uphantsi ntshikilelo lobushushu eliphezulu, unovelwano VNS ezahlulwe nangoko isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: adlulisele imiqondiso echanekileyo engqondweni, kwaye, yena, esebenzisa neemvakalelo zemithambo ukunyuka okanye enkulu ebila pores esikhumbeni. Ngoko ke, ubushushu liyehla kakhulu.

Inkqubo parasympathetic luvo (PNS)

Eli candelo le SPA ijolise ekudaleni kwi imeko yabantu abasali, ukuzola, nokwenziwa zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo. umsebenzi wakhe yehliswe ngqo koku kulandelayo:

- inyusa ukusebenza yonke phecana zesisu, ukwanda kwemali kuyo igazi;

- enza ngqo kwi esinobubovu amathe ukukhuthaza imveliso amathe, ngaloo uqhu- peristalsis;

- kunciphisa ubungakanani umfundi;

- ukusebenzisa ulawulo eyodwa phezu umsebenzi ngentliziyo kwaye onke amasebe ayo;

- kunciphisa ubungakanani bronchioles, xa inqanaba ioksijini egazini eziqhelekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba le nkqubo yawo nervous ilawula izihlunu amasebe awohlukeneyo - umba, kubandakanywa ubandakanye neyantlukwano yayo parasympathetic. Umzekelo, izishunqulelo zesibeleko ngexesha excitation okanye Kukudandatheka elidityaniswe nokusebenza le nkqubo. A zokwakhiwa inkunzi kuxhomekeke kuphela impembelelo yayo. Ngapha koko, ngoncedo lwe-luvo amaza igazi kumadoda esini ngaloo ngayo izihlunu lobudoda.

Indlela uxinzelelo ukusebenza ngomhla rinte?

Ndingathanda ukuba kuthi kwangoko ukuba xi kungabangela ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga of VNS.
Imisebenzi yenkqubo yawo nervous bayakwazi akhubazeke xa kuvela imeko enjalo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho isoyikiso kubomi babantu (lehla ilitye elikhulu kuyo, okanye phambi kwakhe umngena wabonakala isilwanyana sasendle). Umntu ngoko nangoko ubaleka, kunye nezinye lome nje endaweni ngaphandle ukukwazi ukufumana ceca ibhola. It komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni komntu, ngoko ndandilungisa kwinqanaba zingqondweni zayo VNS wayo. Kwaye konke oku ngenxa kwalapho ise ebuchotsheni, lo Oblongata Medulla, limbic system (inoxanduva lokuchukumiseka). Emva kokuba zonke kuye kwacaca ukuba inkqubo yawo nervous elawula umsebenzi wamalungu ezininzi kunye neenkqubo: yokucola ukutya, izixhobo sentliziyo, andisa, umsebenzi imiphunga kunye womchamo. Ngoko ke, umzimba womntu amaziko amaninzi ukuze ukuphendula xi ngomsebenzi rinte. Kodwa ungakhathazeki kakhulu, njengoko uninzi lobomi bakhe, siye abanazo uyothuka namandla, ngoko xa kukuvela kweemeko ezinjalo ukuba umntu - lwepaki.

Ukungaqheleki kule impilo yabantu ezibangelwa ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga ye rinte

Kakade ke, ukusuka ngasentla, kwacaca ukuba inkqubo yawo nervous elawula umsebenzi wamalungu ezininzi kunye neenkqubo emzimbeni womntu. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na lomonakalo olusebenzayo kumsebenzi wayo uphazamise kakhulu ukuhamba. Hi ndlela leyi, ngoonobangela ukuphazamiseka inakho nokuba ilifa okanye ukugula ezifunyenwe ngethuba ebomini. bavame VNS umntu ubuntu "obungabonakaliyo", kodwa ke ingxaki kulo msebenzi sele ebonakalayo ngokwesiseko mpawu zilandelayo:

- luvo: ukungakwazi umzimba ngaphandle uncedo ukunciphisa ubushushu umzimba;

- git: ukugabha, ukuqhina okanye isifo sorhudo, ukungakwazi ukuginya ukutya, ngumchamo wokuchama, ngakumbi;

- Iingxaki kwesikhumba (ukurhawuzelela, ukuba bomvu, bechuba), izikhonkwane zaqina neenwele, ukwanda okanye ukuncipha ukubila;

- Umbono: imifanekiso luzizi, ukungabikho iinyembezi, ubunzima ekujoliseni;

- isixokelelwano sokuphefumla: indlela engafanelekanga ukuba isiqulatho ioksijini eliphantsi okanye high igazi;

- inkqubo sentliziyo semithambo: syncope, iyangongoza, ukuphelelwa umoya, isiyezi, ikhalisa ezindlebeni;

- inkqubo wokuchama: naziphi na iingxaki ngobugcisa (ngumchamo, frequency womchamo);

- uhlelo zokuzala: nokungakwazi ukufikelela orgasm, ulwakhiwo kwexesha.

Abantu abahluphekayo rastrojstvah eyo- (neuropathy yawo), badla akakwazi ukulawula lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Kudla kukho kwekhono okuqhubekayo yawo evela seswekile. Kwaye kule meko iya kuba ngokwaneleyo ukulawula ngokungqongqo amaqondo eswekile yegazi. Ukuba isizathu yahlukile, ungakwazi ukuthatha nje olawula ezo mpawu, leyo othile kukhokelela peripheral yawo:

- zesisu system: ekusindisweni amayeza kuba ukuqhina kunye sorhudo; imithambo ezahlukeneyo, ukwandisa ukushukumiseka; nokugcina ukudla okuthile;

- isikhumba: kwaye ezahlukeneyo namafutha aqholiweyo nezithambiso, inceda okudambisa emphinjeni; antihistamines ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela;

- inkqubo Lwentliziyo: Yandisa ukuthathwa fluid; banxibe iimpahla ezikhethekileyo; imithi elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Oku kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba kwinkqubo yawo nervous elawula umsebenzi esebenza phantse wonke umzimba womntu. Ngoko ke, naziphi na iingxaki nazo kulo msebenzi, kufuneka ukuba zibonwe kwaye wafunda ngu iingcali zonyango ofanelekayo kakhulu. Emva VNS wezinto yabantu - kuba ngenxa yakhe, wafunda ukuba "kusinda" kwiimeko uxinezeleko.