Inkqubo parasympathetic luvo

Amalungu angaphakathi omzimba (ezifana intliziyo, isisu, amathumbu) zilawulwa yi yinxalenye yenkqubo peripheral luvo, eyaziwa ngokuba inkqubo yawo nervous (a). ke musani ukuthi kwiimeko ezininzi, indlela rinte, lo ndlela ngokuzenzekelayo. Umzekelo asikwazi, funda umsebenzi imithambo yegazi kwakunye ukuphembelela izinga intliziyo. Nangona uninzi kubuka yawo imisebenzi, inxenye kubo abantu ulawulo isigqibo, kodwa ukuba kukho ethile kangangoko. Le igwinya, iimvakalelo zesini kunye nokuphefumla.

homeostasis Ukubonelela, yawo (okanye kwezityalo) luvo kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni indlela yokuziphatha kunye nezenzo ezilawulwa yi ebuchotsheni. Le nto yenzeka kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo bandiqumbisayo stress kwaye ifuna ukuba abasuka imikhosi lwangaphakathi ekulweni imeko yangoku kwakunye owenza iimeko ezikhuthaza yokulungisa ukuphumla.

Olandela iqulathe amaqela amathathu:

- inkqubo onovelwano nervous (SNS);

- inkqubo parasympathetic nervous (PNS);

- system ama-luvo (meshwork of luvo, olukuye yimibutho eyahlukeneyo kwaye zingathathwa component wesithathu yawo luvo).

Inkqubo onovelwano luvo usebenza njenge umlamleli kwi reactions ezinxulumene neemeko ezixinezelayo, ngokwandisa le izinga lentliziyo kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Uqinisekisa ukuba umzimba kwiimeko ezibangela okanye iingozi ukulungele ukwenza ngokukhawuleza. Oku elivumelana classical kwintembeko imvakalelo "ukulwa okanye moya" yomnqophiso izithunywa ezimbini eziphambili chemical - epinephrine (iadrenaline) kunye norepinephrine. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, SNA ngokuba "ukusebenza luvo."

Inkqubo parasympathetic luvo, kwelinye icala, yinxalenye "cwaka" ye rinte. Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba yi "ukubazolisa luvo." Nangona inkqubo onovelwano nervous silungiselela umzimba iimeko uxinezeleko, i NTC yi "xa ukutshaja ixesha elide kungabenza 'amandla kunye nokufunyanwa. Kukhuthaza izenzo kwenzeka xa umzimba uphumle, ingakumbi ngexesha nokutya, sokuthatha, iimvakalelo zesini.

Kodwa amaqela novelwano kwaye parasympathetic ngalinye ngexesha yokusebenza nxamnye omnye komnye, kodwa izichasi. Kunoko, yinto entsokothileyo ezihambelanayo, ukudala ulungelelwano phakathi emzimbeni wethu. Phakathi kwezi ndibano obuluqilima kunokwahlukana ukuba kulawulwa abathunywa yesibini (camp kunye cGMP). Ngokomzekelo, xa intliziyo lifumana kukuloleka uvaleke evela NTC, nokubetha kwentliziyo ebizwa ngokuba yimetabolism isenokucotha, uze vice versa, xa intliziyo lifumana uvuselelo zemithambo-luvo SNA, ukwanda izinga intliziyo.

kusebenze onovelwano ukuze kuthintelwe okanye ipoti ye parasympathetic presynaptic. Ngokufanayo, inkqubo parasympathetic luvo inxaxheba kule inhibition presynaptic of novelwano nemithambo kwezithuthi.

Imisebenzi ye eseleyo luvo yawo kubalulekile. Ukuba lokwaphula intsebenziswano phakathi "luvo ukusebenza" yaye "nemithambo noxolo" kukho ezinye iintsilelo, ngaloo ndlela kujongelwa phantsi umgangatho wobomi.

Ngoko ke, SNS overstimulation kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana ixhala, lwegazi kunye nokuphazamiseka esiswini. PNS overstimulation angabona japan ekuncipheni kwengcinezelo kunye nokuziva kudinwa.

Inkqubo luvo parasympathetic, kwakunye novelwano, ayifakwanga zicukene kummandla omnye, kwaye zasasazwa ngaphezu indawo enkulu. PNS Amaziko yawo ibekwe apha esikhondweni ngobuchopho ummandla intambo sacral umnqonqo. Xa Medulla luvo cranial, VII isibini, IX kunye X nomphunga umphunga ezikhandelwa imicu preganglionic parasympathetic. Ukususela le Oblongata Medulla okanye imicu spinal preganglionic (ixesha elide) ikhutshelwa malunga ganglia, usebenziso, okanye kufutshane kakhulu ilungu setekeni, aze enze synapse. Synapse isebenzisa neurotransmitter ebizwa acetylcholine. Kulo mmandla ukusuka ganglion imicu postganglionic (short) kuthelekelelwe ngqo kwi ilungu setekeni, usebenzisa nje acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine enza iintlobo ezimbini receptors cholinergic: (receptors okanye acetylcholine) muscarinic kunye nicotinic. Nangona inkqubo parasympathetic nervous system isebenzisa acetylcholine (njengokuba neurotransmitter), petidy (cholecystokinin) nako ukwenza lo msebenzi.