Deadweight - Deadweight yi ... (isitya capacity): Isikhundla

Namhlanje, inkqubo yezothutho ehlabathini akuguquki yahlulwe phakathi kweendlela ezahlukileyo zothutho. Nayiphi na into ufumana kuthi evela phesheya, sihlangulwe esebenzisa yendlela, kaloliwe, umoya okanye izithuthi elwandle. Indima yokugqibela mkhulu ingakumbi amazwekazi ezimbaxa amazwekazi, njengoko amanzi ligubungela uninzi kumphezulu womhlaba, ngenxa apho yokuhamba ngeelori kunye noololiwe izakungenzeki. moya umyalezo ibiza kakhulu. Ingakumbi, le nqwelo-moya ikwazi ukwenza oko akuyi kuba nzima kangaka. Lunye kuphela uhlobo zokuhamba zifunwa kangangamakhulu eminyaka - yolwandle.

Ekubeni, njengokuba namhlanje ukuphuhlisa ulwalamano yokurhweba, iintlobo ezininzi iimpahla sele isetyenzisiwe practice. Umzekelo, kukho iziphathi bulk (jikelele ziquka ngeenqanawa, iziphathi bulk, lighters), iifriji (kunye isitya izixhobo zokupholisa yokuhamba kwemveliso), isikhongozeli (ukuthutha zaselwandle classical isikhongozeli-8-ezinyaweni) kunye nabanye. Ezi deadweight iimpahla eqhele ukuthutha uhlobo oluthile kwemveliso; Bonke baxhotyiswa kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Ngoko, nantoni na enye impahla ube nokuhanjiswa elwandle naphi ngokwaneleyo!

Indlela yokwenza isicelo enkundleni?

Uninzi iimpahla esiza izixa ezikhulu, ezinikezelwa yi elwandle. Inqanawa uyakwazi ukukhawulelana amawaka eetoni imithwalo - njengoko abaninzi akuyi kuwaphakamisela nayiphi moya ehlabathini. Okunye okubalulekileyo kukuba iindleko esiphantsi sexabiso nokuthuthwa imithwalo emikhulu ngolwandle. Thelekisa - ukuba moya inkulu An-225 ( "Mriya") iyakwazi yokuthutha iitoni 120, deadweight (le yeetoni gross) nkqu inqanawe encinane ilingana 3-5 kweetoni eziliwaka. Yintoni ukuthetha kumaqonga ezinkulu ezidadayo kwezothutho. Ngoku ke kucacile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi amanzi kakuhle kakhulu ngakumbi xa kufikwa impahla ezithutha. Engxakini iinqanawa, kunokuthiwa ngaphandle zethuba elide uhambo. Noko ke, oko kuyoyikisa hayi, kuba uyakwazi ukucwangcisa i nokuziswa iimpahla, enethemba ngamaxesha kokunikezelwa yolwandle.

Unakho ukubamba Zingaphi umkhombe?

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, amandla sikhephe ababalasele sisalathisi ezifana deadweight. Ukubiza livela kwi deadweight IsiNgesi, gama elo elithetha "ubunzima ufile." Kuyabonakala ukuba loo nto esinobunzima obuyi ekwaziyo yokuthutha neekqubo isitya kunye kwikhosi yesiqhelo. Ngaphezulu eli nani akakwazi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuze ukuqasha ngempumelelo inqanawe, hayi kwanyanzeleka ukuba abalapha izihlalo ezingenanto kunye ukuzithwalisa imithwalo ukuya isambuku esinobunzima. Le deadweight Iinqanawa ibalwa ukukhupha ubunzima engenanto enqanaweni, ukulungele ukuhamba, ukusukela ukuba ubunzima, apho inqanawa leyo ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo emanzini ukuya kwinqanaba kungekwamthwalo (nokususwa ngokupheleleyo).

Ntoni lo msebenzi?

Enyanisweni, lo deadweight - umahluko bubunzima, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukulayisha ngokupheleleyo inqanawe, ngaphantsi isiseko kwezixhobo enqanaweni. Xa kulayishwa le phawu ingqalelo ngendlela enjalo, njengoko inani kakhulu, ubuninzi, onako ukwenza le nqanawa. Iinkampani zokuthutha iinqanawa charter wokujongana yokuhamba rhoqo, nisazi ukuba deadweight benqanawa yeyona nto ibalulekileyo bakhe, nako ukwabela imithwalo nangobunono kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi njengesitya free. Eli xabiso nayo ngokuba ethwele umthamo craft elinye.

Kutheni kubalulekile nje ukuba ukubala deadweight?

Ukongeza, ukuze sazi ubunzima kangakanani kangangoko unako kuthuthwa inqanawa ethile, encediswa deadweight kwaye ngempumelelo ukubala ubunzima "payload" kwaye umthwalo, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze lokuqubha. I yangaphambili zibandakanya ezo mpahla kunye izinto, ngokutsho isivumelwano, kufuneka athwale inqanawa ukusuka kwindawo A ukuze abonise B. Ngokunxulumene yesibini - umthwalo yokudada - ngoko ke kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba oovimba amanzi acocekileyo, amafutha kunye nezinye izinto ezinokutsha, oovimba amalungiselelo kanye njengoko ubunzima bonke abantu ebhodini.

Ngokutsho iingcali imicimbi Maritime, deadweight - nto idla izahlulo ezibini, asasazwa umlinganiselo 90% kwi-10% obuxhasa le ebizwa ngokuba payload.

Imizekelo ezahlukeneyo iinqanawa deadweight

Ukuze amele ngokucacileyo ubungakanani eli xabiso, siqwalasela eminye imizekelo. Ngoko ke, kukho kungekwamthwalo namkhombe "eOmsk", nto leyo ebhekisela iklasi R2 / R3 RSN. Le nqanawa, umzimba kokuba ubude 108 kunye ububanzi neemitha ezili-15. Intshukumo wenqanawa yile ngezikhonkwane ezimbini. Ngokutsho data evela kwi Marine Register deadweight yokukhangela "eOmsk" na iitoni 3070 zombini xa uqhuba ecaleni komlambo elwandle. Kubonakala ukuba malunga 200 neetoni kubumba isitokhwe buffer kwaye phantse 2.800 iitoni zinokufakwa kule nqanawa babenikela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umlinganiselo kungekwamthwalo namkhombe ngeke-90% kwi-10%, kwaye kwezinye iimeko-95% kwi-5% - ngakumbi ubabalo kungekwamthwalo ukwamkela isithuba ngaphezu ethwala abantu.

Ezinye iimpawu isitya

Licacile elokuba, onjalo Uphawu njengoko deadweight - yinto parameter ebalulekileyo, kuyimfuneko xa kubalwa nocikizeko inqanawa hambo kunye nexabiso layo lokugqibela. Noko ke, kuyabonakala ukuba akukho kuphela sisalathisi esibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuqasha craft engenasigxina kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo nomthamo elipheleleyo iinqaba kunye nobukhulu zabo. Ukongeza, kukho indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa uhlobo imithwalo isitya, khona ekujoliswe (ukuthuthwa naziphi na iimpahla isetyenziswa kuqala).

Ngokubanzi, izibonisi ezifana amandla, idlala indima enkulu. Nalo bajamelana Abaququzeleli yendlela lonke ixesha umkhombe lilayishiwe.