Ingcinga yokwakha basic computer.

In imi--60 badwelisi benkqubo abaliqela sele ukuphuhlisa uyilo entsha, kuquka ingxubevange-hardware ne-software unxibelelwano kunye zavelisa inkcazelo izakhiwo computer. Computer Architecture iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ehlabathini computer, kwaye ihlala njalo unanamhla.

Kombono bokwakha basic computer

Computer Architecture - a ngokuncedisana lweentshukumo ngokudibeneyo ezininzi, uqwalaselo kunye uqhagamshelwano logic olusisiseko ezalathelwe computer. Le ngokuncedisana okhonza ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yomsebenzisi, kwaye kugqunywe eziliqela nihlangene ndawonye ukuba udale i hardware kunye software, apho uxinezeleko eziphambili iwela Yindibanisela lwamakhonkco nemigaqo utshintsho azalwa ezahlukeneyo computing. Umzekelo, ekuvelisweni yeendima eziphambili izixhobo lobunjineli kunye nokusebenza bayo ibe nye, kodwa neesampuli ezahlukeneyo athatyathiweyo umahluko omkhulu kwizinto ixabiso, isantya kunye nokusebenza.

Ngexesha umsebenzi ngemihla nawuphi na umsebenzisi kakhulu unomdla nje kuphela ukusebenza kunye nesantya matshini, kodwa izakhono zalo zokusombulula imisebenzi ethile. Ngenxa yoko, iseti data iimfuno zabaxumi kukhokelele kuphuhliso ebalulekileyo isiseko element ye computer ngendlela ethembekileyo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Kufuneka siqonde ukuba ukwandisa isantya ukusebenza eziqalelo ngamnye akukho mda, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba iingcali phambili kubona ukusonjululwa nalo mba kwixesha langoku izakhiwo computer.

Ngenxa Ngenxa yotshintsho iikhompyutha kumisa iikhompyutha ezinamandla kunye multiprocessor izakhiwo, nto leyo evumela ukuba zisebenze iziqhubekisi ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ngaphezu koko, namandla kakhulu ikhompyutha, ngakumbi umsebenzi wakhe sibandakanya esixhasiweyo.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo izakhiwo computer

Inkqubo yonke khompyutha wohlula iintlobo izakhiwo computer ngokwamaqela amathathu, ngenxa inani imijelo imiyalelo kunye data, khangela kubo:

• Owaseka sokuyilwa ezaziwa ikhompyutha isizukulwana 1 no-2 yaba Dzhon Fon Neyman, ngubani yaqulunqa imigaqo esisiseko bokulandelelana. Kweli qela fanele iinkqubo uniprocessor ukuba xa umntu umsinga data omnye (yeSininzi), kwaye eyesibini - ezininzi stream data (SIMD). Ezi iintlobo oomatshini ngenxa eyodwa flow yomzobo lokufundisa, ngexesha ezininzi data nemisinga ngokwabo.
• Iqela elilandelayo, oluquka iintlobo izakhiwo - MIMD. Ingaba inkqubo multiprocessor ukuba umsinga umyalelo ezininzi kunye umsinga data. Le nkqubo yezakhiwo busetyenziswa kakhulu computer mihla.
• Emveni ke, iintlobo yesithathu lwezakhiwo - MISD, emele inkqubo eyodwa lot of data. Ngelishwa, MISD akukho ukubaluleka practical. Olu hlobo ubizwa ukuba izakhiwo ikhompyutha ukwenza iinkqubo parallelizing. Libonisa uphumezo ngaxeshanye iikopi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu yenkqubo efanayo kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo iprosesa kunye data ezahlukeneyo.

Iyafuna kuqwalaselwa myalelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezakhiwo computer njengoko imilambo data machine. Kule 80 bekucingelwa ukuba ithemba yekhompyutha ophezulu-kwentsebenzo elidityaniswe ngqo elilawulwayo computer flow data apho ezi nokuphuma bayakwazi ukusebenzisa imiyalelo ezininzi, nangona ingqalelo ngaphezu iindidi lwezakhiwo computer ziziinkqubo computing, ilawulwa amaqela pokami. Kwimveliso mihla babeqhele iziqalelo nje ezimbalwa indlela ezisetyenziswa microprocessors equlethe ezininzi iiyunithi ezisebenzayo yokusebenza synchronously elindele ukufumaneka operands.