Units kolwazi kwi computer. Le yunithi lolulwazi

iminyaka yethu phezulu-zobugcisa inemisebenzi yayo. Ngophuhliso iikhompyutha elektroniki ebantwini wavula nesibhakabhaka emangalisayo. Nawuphi iindaba umdla ngoku ifumaneka kuthungelwano lwehlabathi simahla, ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya. Oku impumelelo zobuchwepheshe. Kodwa njani data yamalini lugcinwe kwinkumbulo yekhomputha, luyasetyenzwa idluliselwe imigama emide? Yiyiphi unit kolwazi kwi computer apho? Nendlela ukujongana nazo? Ngoku nje kuphela abantu abachaphazeleka ngqo ekubhalweni lweenkqubo zekhompyutha, kodwa abafundi zesiqhelo kufuneka sizazi iimpendulo zale mibuzo. Oku sisiseko yonke into.

Ukuchazwa kolwazi kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha

Siya uye ucinge ukuba ulwazi - ukuba lonke ulwazi bazise kuthi. Kodwa kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha nenzululwazi ikhompyutha, eli gama inkcazelo eyahlukileyo kancinane. Eli candelo esisiseko isayensi kweekhompyutha elektroniki. Kutheni olusisiseko? Ngenxa technology computer iinkqubo data, iivenkile kunye titoloveta ebantwini. Iyunithi ubuncinane lwazi ibalwa apha naphaya. Iinkcukacha ezigcinwe kwi computer kangangoko umsebenzisi akafuni ukubabona.

We Ndandikade ndicinga ukuba ulwazi - iyunithi kulwimi. Ewe, kuyinyaniso, kodwa kwi computer usebenzisa inkcazelo eyahlukileyo. Olu lwazi malunga iwonga, iimpawu kunye parameters zezinto yethu engqongileyo. Kucacile ukuba okukhona sifunda inkcazelo malunga into okanye isenzeko, kokukhona siyaqonda ukuba esiliqonda ngayo kubo lusizi. Kodwa ngoku ngenxa kule mali enkulu of free ngokupheleleyo kwaye zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi izinto kube lula kakhulu ukufunda, ukwenza abahlobo abatsha, umsebenzi, baphumle kwaye ukhululeke nje iincwadi ukufunda okanye ukubukela iimovie.

Alfabhethi umba volume ulwazi yokulinganisa

amaxwebhu Ukuprinta ngenxa yomsebenzi, amanqaku kwisiza kunye nokuthatha blog yakhe buqu kwi-intanethi, siya musa ukucinga ngendlela utshintshiselwano lweenkcukacha phakathi umsebenzisi kunye kakhulu ngekhompyutha. Njengoko umatshini ekwazi ukuqonda imiyalelo, ziziphi igcina ifomu zonke iifayile? Kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, njengoko kwiyunithi ingcaciso efunyenweyo amasuntswana leyo uyakwazi ukugcina ikhowudi yokubini lwe amaqanda kunye nabo. Kakuhle eli indlela alfabhethi ukulinganisa abalinganiswa isicatshulwa ulandelelwano zabalinganiswa. Kodwa musa ulunxibelele indlela alfabhethi kunye nomxholo wesicatshulwa. Ezi zinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Umthamo lwedatha ngokomlinganiselo inani loonobumba wangena. Oku kubangela ukuba lo umqondiso ulwazi ngokobunzima a alfabhethi yokubini ilingana bit nye. Units kolwazi kwi computer, kukho ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nayiphi na eminye imiqathango. Bit - oku ubuncinane kulinganiswa ixabiso.

Inkalo enkulu ulwazi vyschityvaniya

ulwazi Umlinganiselo kusekelwe kwingcamango lilonke. Kule meko siqwalasela umbuzo uqulathwe njani inkcazelo eninzi umntu ufumana umyalezo. Apha kule khosi ezi theorem imathematika ekhethekileyo. Ukubala umthamo umlinganiselo kwezixhobo ekuqwalaselwa ifomula ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke amathuba lwesiganeko. Ngelo xesha kuhlala iyunithi efanayo inkcazelo kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha. Ingxaki yokubala inani loonobumba, kwimizobo kwindlela substantive kakhulu ezintsonkothe ngaphezu alfabhethi.

Types of iinkqubo zolwazi

Kukho iindidi ezintathu ezingundoqo iinkqubo zenziwa ngendlela electronic kwikhompyutha:

1. processing ulwazi. Njani le nkqubo? Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokufaka idatha, nokuba keyboard, mouse enombala, umshicileli, okanye esinye isixhobo, ikhompyutha ufumana ulwazi. Esitshintsha ngayo iqokelelwe kwikhowudi yokubini, kwaye abhale kwi hard drive apha naphaya, bytes, megabytes. Kudluliswe nayiphi na ingcaciso iiyunithi kufuneka itafile kwi computer, apho ukwazi ukubala indlela kwenye imegabhayithi bit, uze wenze ezinye transfers. Le khompyutha wenza yonke into ngokuzenzekelayo.
2. Ukugcina iifayile kunye data kwimemori. Le khompyutha uyakwazi ngentloko yonke ngohlobo yokubini. Ikhowudi yokubini eliquka amaqanda kunye nabo.
3. Enye yeenkqubo ezingundoqo kwi computer elektroniki - zodluliselo lwedata. Kwakhona lwenziwa ngendlela yokubini. Kodwa lwazi lwekhusi le siboniswe sele umlinganiswa okanye elinye njengesiqhelo imbono yethu ifomu.

ulwazi esephepheni, Nomlinganiso womlinganiselo yayo

Iyunithi wafumana amasuntswana ulwazi, apho zilula ngokwaneleyo ukuba isebenze, kuba lunokumanyanisa ixabiso 0 okanye 1. Njengoko computer buqonda amanani wokugqibela eqhelekileyo iqokelelwe kwikhowudi yokubini? Cinga isampuli encinane, ezichaza umgaqo ikhowudi inkcazelo ngeekhompyutha.

Masithi esinayo kwenani calculus yesiqhelo - 233 . Ukuze aguqulele ibe yokubini, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukohlula ngesi 2 kude kube lelo xesha kuya kuba incinane, umahluli (kwimeko yethu - 2).

1. Ukufumana ukwahlula 233/2 = 116. Ibhalansi abhalwe ngokwahlukileyo, kuya kuba yinxalenye Impendulo code yokubini. Kwimeko lethu 1.
2. Isenzo yesibini kukuba 116/2 = 58. Intsalela ukwahlulwa - 0 - kwakhona ubhale ngokwahlukeneyo.
3. 58/2 = 29 ngaphandle nentsalela. Musa ukulibala ukuba abhale phantsi 0 aseleyo, ngenxa yokuba, baphulukene element omnye kuphela, ufumana ubukhulu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Le mithetho iya kuqhubeka kugcinwa kwi hard drive yakho yekhompyutha kwaye amasuntswana - unit Ubuncinane ulwazi kwi computer. 8 ibanga sele nako ukumelana ukutshintshwa amanani wokugqibela zibe uhlobo lwe ukubala, kunye vice versa.
4. 29/2 = 14 kunye nentsalela 1. Yakhe ubhale ngokwahlukeneyo ukuba imivo yokubini sele ifunyenwe.
5. 14/2 = 7. Intsalela ukwahlukana 0.
6. A kancinci kakhulu, yaye ikhowudi yokubini uya kuba ukulungele. 7/2 = 3 intsalela 1, apho ingxelo kunye elizayo impendulo code yokubini.
7. 3/2 = 1 kunye nentsalela 1. Le ngxelo njengempendulo iiyunithi ezimbini. One - njengoko intsalela, omnye - njengoko inani eseleyo lokugqibela oko liyohluleka ngo-2.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba impendulo ibhalwe ukuze reverse. Okokuqala, ufumane inani kokubini lwe amanyathelo yokuqala iya kuba umvo wokugqibela yesibini - ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala, njalo-njalo. impendulo yethu yokugqibela - 11101001 .

Eli njengenani eliphindwe kabini kubhaliwe kwimemori ye computer kwaye agcinwe kule fom de kube lelo xesha umsebenzisi akafuni yijonge eskrinini. Utsotsi, bytes, megabytes, gigabytes - icandelo lolwazi kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha. Ngoko ke ezi zithethe idata yokubini egcinwe kwi computer.

translation reverse amanani ukusuka okubini kwinkqubo wokugqibela

Ukuze kwenziwe ukhutshelo reverse amaxabiso yokubini kwinkqubo wokugqibela, kuyimfuneko ukuba kusetyenziswe ifomula. Bala inani lamasuntswana kwexabiso yokubini ukuqala ukusuka 0. Kwimeko yethu 8, kodwa ukuba babale ukusuka kwiqanda, ngoko iphelile inombolo ngokulandelelana 7. Ngoku kufuneka idijithi nganye khowudi liphindaphindwe-2 ukuya ngamandla-7, 6, 5, ..., 0.

^{1 * 2 7 + 1 * 2} 6 + 1 * 2 5 + 0 * 2 4 + 1 2 3 + 0 * 2 2 + 0 * 2 1 + 1 * 2 0 = 233 . Nantso imbewu yethu, nto leyo sathathwa phambi kokuba zokusiwa ikhowudi yokubini.

Ngoku uyazi kakuhle eli ulwazi usebenzisa ikhowudi isixhobo wecomputing kunye nomlinganiselo ubuncinane yokugcina ulwazi.

Iyunithi ubuncinane ulwazi: Inkcazo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, eli xabiso liphantsi ithathwa amasuntswana ulwazi womlinganiselo. Eli gama livela IsiNgesi, liguqulelwe lithetha "digit yokubini". Xa ujonga eli xabiso, kwelinye icala, sinokuthi oku iseli imemori iikhompyutha elektroniki, nto leyo igcinwa ngohlobo 0 okanye 1. Izinto anokuguqulelwa bytes, megabytes, kunye nenani elikhulu yolwazi. ikhompyutha Electronic ngokwalo inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, xa ukulondoloza ikhowudi yokubini kwimemori ye-hard drive.

Abanye abasebenzisi computer bangafuna ngesandla yaye ngokukhawuleza ukuguqulela amanyathelo ulwazi yedijithali ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezinjalo, kwavela iikhalityhuleyitha intanethi ziye, baya kuqhuba lo msebenzi yesibini, leyo ngesandla ukuba achithe ixesha elininzi.

Units yesayensi ulwazi: itafile lwamaxabiso

Iikhompyutha, flash drives kunye nezinye izixhobo inkumbulo kunye processing ulwazi zahluke umthamo memory, nto leyo ngokwesiqhelo zibalwa gigabytes. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga amaxabiso eziphambili kwetafile ukubona ekuthelekisweni unit ulwazi mnye kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha ngokunyuka ukuze ukusuka yesibini.

Ukusebenzisa i-unit ulwazi eliphezulu

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, umlinganiselo inani eliphezulu ulwazi, ekuthiwa yottabaytom, uceba ukusebenzisa Arhente yoKhuseleko yeSizwe ukuze ukugcina zonke yomsindo nevidiyo data evela kwiindawo zoluntu apho iikhamera zevidiyo kunye imibhobho. Kweli nqanaba yottabayty - iyunithi likhulu ulwazi kwi computer. Nguwo lo umda? Kungenakwenzeka ukuba umntu uza kuba nako ukunika impendulo echanekileyo khona ngoku.