History of ESmolensk: imini nokukhululwa ESmolensk

Phantse yonke imizi Russian inayo ibali yawo eyodwa zobugorha, kodwa thina namhlanje siya kugxininisa St. Petersburg - esinye sezixeko zindala Russian, ekumgama 400 km ukusuka eMoscow, kwicala emazantsi-ntshona. Phambi kokuba beze yesihloko 'Mini kwinkululeko ESmolensk kubahlaseli lwamaNazi ", khumbula ngokufutshane ibali engundoqo kunye nesixeko umbindi ESmolensk, leyo esisityebi kunene iziganeko ezahlukeneyo.

oyinqaba

Sisihlandlo sokuqala ESmolensk efumaneka Ustiug yemicimbi yemihla, yomhla iminyaka 862-865. Kunye 882, isixeko yinxalenye Kievan karhulumente, Prince Oleg libamba edlulisela oko ebukumkanini Prince Igor. Wabonakala kule ndlela yamandulo urhwebo zembali. ESmolensk yaba yindawo enkulu kurhwebo kunye nokuchwela, nto leyo eyaba ukuba iziko kwisizwe Krivichy Slavic nenqaba yasemkhosini.

Lo mbuzo ngemini lokukhululwa ESmolensk ukusuka amaNazi ukuze kuqondwe ngcono ukuba lo mfanekiso, kufuneka kancinci eqhelekileyo ngakumbi nge iziganeko ezimbalwa ephambili kweso sixeko. Ngokuthe ngcembe, oko iyakhula ngokwezoqoqosho, ngenkulungwane XII, oko waphakama waya kwiziko kwezolawulo lwezenkcubeko kweli ESmolensk ubulawuli. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko yabangela ukuba urhwebo eliphilileyo, kulawulwa yi kwisivumelwano kwi-1229, kunye neentlanga Baltic kunye Riga. Kweli xesha ukusuka kwiminyaka 1404 ukuya 1514, isixeko yinxalenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Kwaliwa yesixeko

Ngowe-1410 ESmolensk ezishelifini kunye Polish kunye neeyunithi Lithuanian emkhosini inxaxheba Idabi Grunwald.

Ngowe-1596-1602 gg. ESmolensk Wayengqongwe udonga lwamatye, inqaba wakhiwe yi umakhi i Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. Le nqaba kunye ogama emva yomqala mhlaba amatye Russian.

Ngexesha ukukhusela ESmolensk, leyo malunga kwiminyaka 1609-1611., Esi sixeko bababamba izibonda ngo 1654, kwakhona waphumelela Russian.

Usuku inkululeko of ESmolensk evela French

Xa kwimbali ESmolensk kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba akhankanye kunyaka 1812 - ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa isixeko phantsi idabi emanyeneyo umkhosi Russian of Bagration kunye Barclay de Tolly nomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo. Ukukhululwa ESmolensk ukusuka French angaboyisi yenzekile ngoNovemba 4, 1812. ESmolensk isixeko ngeli xesha kakhulu ezonakeleyo.

Kwinkulungwane XIX yaba sisixeko hub imigca ezintlanu kaloliwe, ngoko ke buxabise isixeko phezulu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwakukho amashishini mveliso nezorhwebo malunga-20. Ngowe-1929, St. Petersburg - embindini kummandla yasentshona.

September 25 - imini inkululeko ESmolensk evela abahlaseli German

Xa abahlaseli German zwilakhe wahlasela eSoviet Union, emva kweeveki ezimbini, ukuba ngqo, ngoJulayi 10, baba iindonga ESmolensk.

Ngomhla kummandla kummandla ESmolensk ukusuka kwiiveki zokuqala zemfazwe kunye yadlalwa kakhulu idabi esibi bungwanyalala, nto leyo ke waba igama zembali - ESmolensk Uyalwa edabini. Kuyinto inyanga-ezimbini ukulibaziseka kokuqala zabahlaseli German ka Moscow, iye yanceda ikomkhulu ukulungiselela ukuhlangabezana intloko-on yotshaba. Le nto iye yakhokelela ekuweni isicwangciso enkulu kaHitler.

I- Battle of ESmolensk , imikhosi yaseSoviet wabatshabalalisa 250 lamawaka amajoni namagosa Wehrmacht. amabutho Soviet 16 th, we-19 no-20 th Army ekulweni zinzima kwaye komsindo kwisithili ESmolensk izama Solovieva yokuwela, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev kunye ukuhlasela nzima ngenkalipho ngazo unamandla welo qela yomkhosi isiJamani "Centre".

Usuku inkululeko of ESmolensk ukuba usekude lee kakhulu kude. July 16, 1941 ESmolensk waxineka ngamaNazi ngoJulayi 29 - yawa Zadneprovskaya kummandla ESmolensk.

Occupation and kwaqala

amabutho eSoviet zasuka zazehlela imikhosi ophezulu welinye icala, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba anikezele ESmolensk. Iidolophu needolophana ezincinane awayephantsi yiJamani. Noko ke, ezidolophini bendawo utshaba utyando iiyunithi ngokunomkhethe 120 kunye ngezigaba.

Kamva, malunga-10 amawaka amajoni kunye namagosa, kuzinze kunye ummandla ESmolensk komhlaba lwaluqhutywa amabhaso, amabhaso yekhethelo kunye iimbasa, abantu 56 zanikwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union, phakathi kwabo injengele yunithi yabanqolobi Grishin SV kunye luqalile Peter Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

uloyiso

Ekukholelwa ukuba September 25, 1943 - imini kwinkululeko ESmolensk (iifoto elo xesha bonke ipeyinti embi intshabalalo eyoyikekayo nosizi ndahlelwa lizwe lethu). Ukuba iinkcukacha ukulandela amanqaku ngembali, ukukhululwa ngokusebenza ESmolensk kwenzeka ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha 1943 yaye ikhowudi igama "Suvorov".

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imikhosi eSoviet abazange izixhobo enamandla zobugcisa kunye eqela labasebenzi ezaneleyo, sekunjalo ESmolensk akhululwa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yotshaba.

ESmolensk mmandla phambi kokuba imfazwe kummandla lokudubula, emva kwemfazwe isixeko Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo yaba umwewe.
Xa ESmolensk ka-8000 Izakhiwo zokuhlala 7300 ziye zitshiswe. AmaNazi kabuhlungu batyakatywa, wadubula 350 amawaka abemi, phakathi kwabo kuphela ESmolensk wabulala 135.000.

Iinxalenye Western Front, kunye nemixube 70 wanikwa igama yekhethelo "ESmolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". Ngomhla kwinkululeko ESmolensk eMoscow wanikwa umnqwazi of artzalpami 20 244 guns ngayo.

bamxolele

Umthetheli Soviet Army P. F. Klepach esi sakhiwo yehotele "ESmolensk", nto leyo yenye abasindileyo abambalwa bema, waphakamisa iflegi yakhe obomvu. sonke isixeko phantse wabatshabalalisa, kodwa emva kokuba uloyiso epheleleyo imikhosi zethu German zwilakhe kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, esi sixeko ebuyiselweyo ngokutsha.

Ngowe-1966, isixeko ESmolensk wafumana Order of Patriotic War I degree, Order of Lenin ngo-1983 kwaye isihloko Hero City Meyi 6, 1985.

Ukuze ufumane ukuva ngcono ngayo, xa utyelele ESmolensk ukuba utyelele elikhethekileyo enye eyona imyuziyam iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. ESmolensk, ngokunjalo lonke ilizwe ESmolensk, ogcwele yinkukuma amangcwaba ubunzima kunye amatshe. Apha bafuna ukugcina kwimemori abangamaxhoba, abantu abakwazi abalibale abo balwa ekufeni kumzabalazo wokulwa umhlaseli.