Indlela ukwenza isiseko lwezitena ngezandla zakhe

Amaninzi suburban isakhiwo ephantsi-ukunyuka monolithic isiseko eziphathekayo obegalelwe. Noko ke, maxa, ukwakha isiseko yendlu esetyenziswa kunye yezitena. Ukhetho kwale nto kwiimeko ezininzi egqitywe yokuba akwazi ukwakha ibenomtsalane kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo umbono nobuhle, uyilo.

Buhle usebenzisa izitena

Ubomi Uyilo iziseko ezazakhiwe kule nto lingaphantsi kunalowo monolithic. Kodwa ke makuqatshelwe ukuba Kuqeqesho ludla ngokwenzeka enye indlela ngeenxa zonke. Ukuba isakhiwo iribhoni eziphathekayo nako ukukhusela ethembekileyo eludongeni lwendlu ekutshatyalalisweni ebudeni beminyaka 200-300, ubomi wenkonzo isiseko ngezitena ivame kakhulu 400. Kodwa ke, uyilo eyomeleleyo elide ziya kujika kuphela xa ngendlela zobugcisa yalo yokwakha. Kamva kweli nqaku, uxoxe ukuba abeke indlela isiseko izitena ngezandla zabo ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ungasebenzisa izitena endaweni eziphathekayo

Ukwakha iziseko olu hlobo izindlu becala kuphela owomileyo kwimihlaba nepuchinistyh. Kwakhona enqwenelekayo ukuba inqanaba kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwisiza kwakhiwa sibe phantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Not izinze isiseko isitena emhlabeni uvumelekile ukuba kuqokelela kuphela ngaphambi ngokugalela ikhonkrithi "umqamelo" kunye unyanzeliso enyanzelekileyo. Ngenxa eliphezulu itafile amanzi nodaka ukudibanisa imixube ezizodwa ukuphucula izakhiwo zawo zingangenwa. Kungenjalo, isiseko iza ngokukhawuleza kugxagxiseka ngenxa yokuba ibingenakunyakama.

Kuba izakhiwo ngaphezu imigangatho emithathu isitena isiseko codes yokwakha akuvumelekanga ukuba ukwakha. Kwimeko yonxunguphalo ivumela kukwakha isiseko ngakumbi namandla ezi zilwanyana. Noko ke, kule imeko, isiseko iya ngokungafanelekanga imali eninzi. Ngoko ke, xa kusenziwa, isakhiwo imigangatho-3 wakha ngokubanzi isiseko kodwa monolithic eziphathekayo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le hlobo loyilo amaninzi eqokelelwe phantsi iindonga zezindlu ezenziwe ngezinto ukukhanya. Umzekelo, isisombululo elungileyo kakhulu ukwakha isiseko izitena phantsi indlu log. entle kakhulu, olu khetho ezilungele amaplanga, ndlu kwiqela lenjongo okanye udonga elakhiwe amagwebu eziphathekayo. Phantsi izitena okanye monolithic izakhiwo kwemihlaba efana abonelisekanga. Kule imeko, uyacebiswa ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo monolithic kwasenza eziphathekayo.

Imimiselo zizathu ezo kusetyenziselwa kuphela imizi; kodwa ukuba naziphi na ezinye izibonelelo. Amaxesha amaninzi, umzekelo, sivuswe kwesiseko lwezitena phantsi sokuhlambela, Arbour, igaraji. inkqubo ibandla isiseko phantsi ukwakhiwa ukulungiselela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo nto ifana kakhulu.

Indlela ukukhetha impahla

Iintlobo yezitena emarikeni lakalokunje, kukho abaninzi. Noko ke, ukulisebenzisa ukwakhiwa kweziseko abakwazi zonke iindidi eziphathekayo. Yontoni le njongo, kuphela isitena yodongwe ebomvu, yaye ke wonke umntu. Iimpawu ilitye obumiselwe ukwakhiwa isiseko sendlu kufuneka ube:

• amandla uhlobo okungenani 150;

• umbethe 35 nowe;

• mninzi esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-1600 kg / m ^3;

• ukufakwa kwamanzi - 6-16%.

Le nkcazelo Abantu ezizalisekisa zonke ezi mfuno, ekuthiwa yezitena-Zheleznyak. Xa ukhetha ilitye onjalo kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuquka inkangeleko yayo. Brick umbala obomvu ubonisa ukuba akayi lutshile, kwaye ngoko ke ixesha elide kakhulu yaye nokufuma ukumelana. imiphetho phakathi okanye khaxa welitye, phezu koko, ibonisa ukuba wagcinwa eziko ixesha elide kakhulu. izitena enjalo ezahlukeneyo ethe-ethe. Yakha isiseko sendlu kunokuba kuphela umbandela kakhulu umgangatho. Ngako oko, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba kuthengwe amatye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo isidima umthengisi kunye nomakhi.

Ngamanye amaxesha abanini izindawo isiseko kakhulu (inxalenye yayo komhlaba) ivunwe hematite kunye plinth - ukusuka isitena esantini-ikalika. Ukwenza iikhowudi ukuze ukwakha kuvumelekile. Kodwa kuphela kwimeko ezininzi kakhulu - kwimihlaba ezomileyo kunye nokwakhiwa oko ezinye izakhiwo singabalulekanga (ikhitshi ehlotyeni, igaraji, ishedi, hozblok, njl ...).

Ukumba umsele

Ekubeni isiseko yakhiwe ngezitena ngezandla zakhe? Step by imiyalelo ibandla step kwale ndawo ziza kunikwa kamva kweli nqaku ngokweenkcukacha. Okokuqala, nangona kunjalo, sekunjalo kufuneka ijongane kufuneka ibe yintoni umsele phantsi kwesi sakhiwo, yaye ukuze akwazi ukwenza kakuhle umsebenzi wokulungiselela.

Yila ze isakhiwo ilitye imimiselo ukuba columnar okanye tape kuphela iziseko zezindlu. Musa kuqokelela ngezitena okwanamhlanje nzulu iziseko lezitena niya kulirhola. Sole le uqwalaselo, nakweyiphi imeko, kufuneka ibekwe ngezantsi umgca iqabaka le. Kwimimandla ekumzantsi eli lizwe, eli nani 0.6-1 m, ukuya emntla unako ukufikelela ukuya ku 2.5 m. Amanani ngqo inokufumaneka kubalawuli ezizodwa.

Kwemiqolo phantsi kwesiseko ngezitena kuya kufuneka ukuba umbe nzulu kuphela, kodwa ngokubanzi. Eneneni, kulo mzekelo, kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba mfana waba indawo eyaneleyo ukuze wamatye. Emva kokwakhiwa kwesiseko ngezitena sisithuba "extra 'izaliswe nodongwe eyandisiweyo okanye emhlabeni ukukhanya. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukunciphisa izinga kwinqanaba neGauteng ngenxa kwindawo ethile, kwakunye ukuze kuncitshiswe ifuthe elibi inxalenye komhlaba kokwakhiwa entwasahlobo kokudumba.

Ezinye esemseleni wawakhotha wemba phantsi kwisiseko phantsi imigaqo efanayo njenge ukunyuka eqhelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, i-ukumakisha pre luyenziwa usebenzisa izikhonkwane kunye nomtya (hi ndlela 'nxantathu baseYiputa " , okanye" ka amagophe ezimbini "), yaye emva koko wenza ezayame.

Amalungiselelo yezisombululo for wamatye

Umgangatho isitena isiseko awandisiweyo iimfuno. Ngapha koko, ukuba kuya kuba lula, nokumisela kubude kwisakhiwo ubomi ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke kufuneka uthathe indlela uxanduva kungekuphela ezikhethiweyo ilitye ngokwayo, kodwa inkqubo lokulungisa isisombululo. Isanti phambi yaloo bhetshi kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba anele. Ikalika kumxube ezenzelwe ekubekeni isiseko, kuyo nayiphi na imeko musa ukufaka. Ukuze silungiselele umxube usebenzisa lokuxhuba. Ukubunjwa eyohlobo olulodwa kukuba, ngcono.

Ulwakhiwo strip kwesiseko: umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Nomsele ogrunjiweyo emazantsi endlu kwangaphambili-ubunjwe ngononophelo kwaye bayilungisa kumphakamo osezantsi. Ukongeza apho, obegalelwe umxube isanti-nezegrabile ubukhulu-15 cm. Oku kubangela "umqamelo" rammer zilinganisiwe ngokucokisekileyo namanzi. Emva koko zixhobisa zingangenwa umaleko. Ukuthintela ilele onyawo isiseko kwindlela yokusebenza "umqamelo" liqengqiwe izinto nophahla (umaleko 2-3). Ngaxeshanye amanzi ezantsi nakwicala kuyanqweneleka ukuhlela. Ukuze oku ku web macala omabini ngebhitumene zemastic ukucola okubonisa ngumcu eyongezelelweyo izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.

Nelungiselelo isisombululo inkxaso

On soft isiseko ngezitena emhlabeni, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, zakhiwe ilungiselelo kwangaphambili "umqamelo" eziphathekayo. Le yokugqibela kuphalala kwi formwork kunye ekubetheleleni kwiplanga, ndawonye ukusuka intonga 12 mm. Zenza i "ababetheki kakhulu" ke kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane-10 cm. Phambi Wahlanganisa iintsika imfuneko yayo iphile iiveki ezimbini.

Wahlanganisa isiseko strip

I Umqolo wokuqala yezitena ezibekwe ngqo ngezinto eziphathekayo okanye nophahla kunye nokugcwaliswa kunye tubal esilandelayo kunye nesisombululo beentanda nkqo. Okulandelayo, indibano isiseko elikhokelwa imigaqo ngokubanzi unyanzeliso mandatory, ethe nkqo nethe tyaba. Ukwakha isiseko sendlu ngezitena kunokwenzeka kuphela-kumqolo omnye bandaging beentanda. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa isakhiwo adhesion beendonga phantsi, grouting luyenziwa (ithoyilethi). Akukho kuphela amalunga ngayo xa udonga kamva kokutyatyekwa ngesakhiwo Kuthathwa ukuba zingangenwa ngakumbi.

Ethembekileyo pier isiseko ngezitena ngezandla zakhe: inyathelo ngu step guide

Apha, isiseko ayikho wemba umhadi njengoko xa usebenzisa njengodaka eziphathekayo, kwaye umsele. Ngapha koko, ngokuba iintsika wamatye eyahamba kufuna isithuba. Misela inkxaso eyimfuneko phantsi zonke iindonga umthwalo-ethwele lwesakhiwo. izithuba ezinyanzelekileyo kufuneka iposelwe ezimbombeni. Kwakhona, kufuneka kufakelwa kuhlangana iindonga. Ubude Ubuncinane ecaleni square icandelo kwikholam - 380mm (1.5 izitena). Ngaphezu komhlaba inkxaso kufuneka bavuke ezingama-20 cm.

Ukuze ufumane i wamatye egudileyo, umsele kuqala ukufakwa waphu- ukusuka templates iibhodi-ibhokisi. Phantsi kwezi zingangenwa pre-mawubekwe wathulula pad eziphathekayo.

Amaziko ngeenxa zonke lezi zifanekiso. Emva kokuba uye wabeka ngaphandle imiqolo eziliqela, ibhokisi isusiwe. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphakathi kumhlathi ihlala indawo engenanto wazaliswa eziphathekayo. amaziko zokuya rhoqo kwaye nkqu lungisa izitena ukuya ukuphakama oyifunayo. Le kholam eliseleyo embindini isithuba ungenanto ifakiwe nezilinganisi (intonga amathathu 12 mm) kunye nesisombululo elaphalazwayo.

Ngaphezu komhlaba imiqolo ukulungele badla qhagamshela iribhoni eziphathekayo. Wawagalela kwi formwork kunye wezifundo. iindawo Yiba nobudlelwane nabanye nokuba enezintlu engenakwenzeka. Endaweni ikhonkrithi, isithuba phakathi iintsika nako nje ngokubekwa izitena.

Fundam lezitena ukuba webhate

Umgaqo ukwakhiwa isiseko isakhiwo efana naleyo ukuze kwakhiwe zokuhlala. Amaninzi, isiseko owenziwe ngezitena ngezandla zabo ukuba ibhate obegalelwe kungena uhlobo lwe tape rhoqo. Noko ke, ukuba ibimele udonga ukwenza kwiqela lenjongo, uyakwazi ukugcina nokulawula isiseko columnar. Kuba ongaphantsi inxalenye isiseko strip ibhafu kuhle ukusebenzisa lwezitena ezibomvu. Silicate ukoyika amanzi. Kwakhona nokuhlaziya ngokutsa isiseko phantsi iindonga webhate ingqalelo epheleleyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuba zingangenwa.

Indlela ukwenza isiseko izitena ngezandla zabo gazebo

Kulo mzekelo, iya kuba yanele ukuba ukwakha iintsika ezine iimbombo isakhiwo. Phantsi neepali ukukhanya kakhulu iziseko ezo maxa wambi nkqu lwakhula. Kuba Ufakelo ezinkulu olu hlobo zifakwa iinyawo 6-8.

Njengoko zephetshana isiseko isitena bath, phantsi isiseko yamagqabi ukuba ungangenwa ngamanzi. Phantsi inkxaso efunekayo ukuba ilingane izinto nophahla ngokwemaleko eziliqela. Xa ugcwalisa iziko engenanto zeentsika Ndakumisa imivalo nageli okanye ngaphantsi awayezinxibile kunye stud isakhelo gazebo. Ngaphezu komhlaba ngenkxaso kufuneka avuke yi-20 cm. Xa imivalo eziphathekayo kwakhona nzulu kwi-20 cm.