Indlela ukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho: iindlela

Ukufakelwa kunye nokususwa iingxaki kwinkqubo amanzi iya kwenziwa kuphela xa parameters ze imibhobho eyaziwayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba phambi kwabo nzima ukufikelela, uthabathe imfuneko womlinganiselo. Indlela ukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho kule meko? Ukuze ezi njongo, sebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo: calipers, iteyiphu, umlawuli, laser . Mvo nabanye nzima kangaka ukuyisebenzisa kwabo, kodwa kufuneka ngokuchanekileyo ukwenza imilinganiselo.

Ubukhulu bepali nomphandle wocango

Kwezoyilo ezininzi, le parameter ulinganiswa intshi, sele iguqulelwe kwi iisentimitha (ixabiso liphindaphindwe 2.54). Okokuqala, kufuneka amisele ukuba yintoni ukulinganisa: netoti engaphakathi umbhobho okanye lwangaphandle. Iimveliso ezisetyenziswayo ukuze amanzi kunye negesi, ngokokuqhelekileyo alinganiswa kwi ubukhulu embilwini. Oku kungenxa yokuba esi salathisi silinganisa namandla isakhiwo.

Ubukhulu bepali engaphandle kunokuba amaxabiso awahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke Ebubanzini bodonga (oko kuxhomekeke emandleni ngomatshini yonke imveliso). Ngokutsho GOST 355-52, umbhobho ngamnye ubudeki elandelayo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ngeyona bandwidth elidlulileyo (50%). zilungiso Patency zidla ngokuba esinemiqathango (ngokulinganisa) ubukhulu. Isalathisi idla ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ubukhulu ngaphakathi (1-10 mm). Le parameter ebalulekileyo ithathwa ukuba iimpawu eziphambili imveliso, ukusuka apho ukubuyiselana kwinkqubo yoyilo kunye nofakelo.

We umlinganiselo imbi

Ukusebenzisa le isixhobo ngqo walinganisa parameters yoyilo eyahlukeneyo. Indlela ukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho imbi? Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano kunye sponge faka kubo imveliso wayicola ukuze Siyabandezelwa nxamnye komhlaba. Iziponji ukuvalwa kufuneka eyayingqalene moya kwicandelo nelembande, kungenjalo nomlinganiselo kuya engachanekanga. Imbi lulinganiselwa kwaye i ubudeki ngaphakathi. Ekubeni ecaleni layo umva abe imfunxa, apho ibekwe ngaphakathi isakhiwo wakhulela ukuba abut ezindongeni.

Maxa wambi kuyimfuneko kukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho enyusiweyo leyo inkulu kakhulu. Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba yokulinganisa ubale Isingqi isixhobo ubukhulu ngemathematika. Ukuxuba imihlathi yayo umgama ubuninzi kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule umbhobho. Lo mzobo okubangelwa - ubude Isingqi. Ukubala imfuneko silinganise kubude imihlathi sixhobo. Ubukhulu bepali ibalwa yi ifomula:

D = (2l / 4H) + H.

Ukuba umlomo ixesha elide kakhulu, ungenza Somrhaqa ezinye iinkcukacha (bar, njalo njalo). Ngoko ke ukuphakama aya kubalwa ngokomgaqo wokubala:

H = H1-H2.

Thina umlinganiselo umphathi, yokulinganisa tape

Ukuba icandelo umbhobho zingabonakala, le ubukhulu lingaba nokulinganiswa yi ngumlawuli oluqhelekileyo. Siyibeke ukuya kwindawo cut-off ukuze scale senzeka kanye embindini. Sithatha umgama phakathi iingongoma ofunekayo (ngaphakathi okanye ubudeki wangaphandle). Umgama phakathi iingongoma zemozulu ziya kuba ubudeki yangaphandle. Ukuba ufuna nenkalo engaphakathi, ngoko uyakwazi ukufumana Ebubanzini bodonga uze uthabathe kwabo manani ngenxa.

Nge line icacile, kodwa njengenyathelo tape ukulinganisa ubukhulu tube? Esi sixhobo ilungele ukuba izakhiwo rhoqo ezinkulu, apho kunzima ukuphina phantsi. Songa imveliso ukuze ibhanti ingena snugly nxamnye isikali wayifumana indawo yonqumlo. Inani okubangelwa - ke ubude ojikeleyo. Ukuze ufumane ubukhulu, alabe libe inani Pi (3,14).

ikopi indlela

Ukuba ke isandla akukho naziphi na izixhobo, kodwa kukho i-camera, ungasebenzisa indlela ikopi. Indlela ukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho? Ukuze wenze oku:
- uthatha into kunye nemilinganiso ezaziwayo (umz, yezitena);

- kufuneka ibekwe phezu ityhubhu, kunye ubude baso kude aqingqiweyo;
- thatha imifanekiso yendawo ukuze aqonde umahluko ngobukhulu;
- ukwenza izibalo kwi photos;
- idatha ifunyenwe ukuvavanya ubungakanani yokwenene (kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo scale).

ilinganiswa micrometer

imilinganiselo ngqo (ukuya ku 0.01) tube kungenziwa nge micrometer. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iluncedo umlinganiselo izinto ezincinane. Isixhobo ke isibiyeli mayixhotyiswe ngenkxaso isithende kunye stem eliphezulu-yangaphakathi (ngokuba kokujikeleza microscrews). Esiqwini kubonakala isikali ngemilimitha kunye hundredths. Le izixhobo kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukufunda yechaneke ngaphezulu.

Indlela ukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho micrometer? Beka isakhiwo phakathi isiphelo Screw kunye isithende. Qala ukuzitshintsha ratchet isiphatho ide ecofa kathathu. Okokuqala, ujonge ezantsi isikali stem ebonisa inani ngemilimitha yonke. Thina khangela ukufumaneka ubungozi, eliza ekunene. Ukuba akukho ibonakale, ukususa ubungqina igubu. Ukuba le ngozi, ukuze ufumane inani sidibanisa 0.5 mm. Imilinganiselo igubu uchazwa ngokunxulumene umgca esiqwini phakathi esikalini.

abenzi laser

Ukususa ngemibhobho kunye imilinganiselo (hayi kuphela) ezi abenzi laser phambili. eziluncedo zabo: ukungabikho ukunxibelelana umphezulu, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa yoyilo ezahlukeneyo (eshushu, incangathi), iyahlala nesantya yokufumana iziphumo. Indlela ukulinganisa sangqa ityhubhu enjalo abenzi boluvo? Kukho iindlela ezininzi yokulinganisa.

Xa triangulation laser umqadi ukusuka woluvo kudala ibala phezu komhlaba isakhiwo. Ngaphaya ikhamera ngeskena laser, apho ubona oko kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Ngezi Iimpawu iprosesa yedijithali ibala umgama phakathi woluvo kunye nemveliso.

Umlinganiselo ubukhulu yi mnyama. Kulo mzekelo, woluvo lisebenza emitter kunye receiver, kodwa ibekwe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphakathi kuyo, umqadi laser lubonakala yi esipilini ejikelezayo, Uvingca indawo womlinganiselo kwaye idala band yenyani ukukhanya. Ngaphakathi isixhobo ihamba umqadi udlula a diode ekhethekileyo esilinganisa ubude kukhuhlwe (elihambisana bento i).

Enye indlela - umgaqo yecandelo ukukhanya. Le woluvo ifakwe laser, ikhamera kunye wesekethe elektroniki. I-laser ivelisa nkqo ukuya kumgca imveliso, kunye ikhamera kwi-engile kuyo. Kuyo nayiphi na ukugoba umgca laser gqitha, yaye oko bakucaphukele abenzi boluvo xa ukubala ubungakanani.

Ngaphezu ukuba wachaza indlela ukulinganisa ubukhulu yombhobho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ezinye zoyilo abe ugobile (ubuninzi 1.5 mm-1 m ubude nganye). Kule meko sithetha ubungqukuva zabo. Le parameter okunene uphiwa ngaye umahluko phakathi ubukhulu ezinkulu nezincinane bahlulwe eliyimali. Le ovality kuvumelekile: hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1% ye njengogwali iludonga ukuya kwi-20 mm, engekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.8% - kunye eludongeni 20 mm. Le parameter kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuchaphazela ukusebenza loyilo.