Eziphathekayo - yintoni na le nto? Zeziphi iiklasi eziluqilima ziyenziwa apho?

Eziphathekayo - zenza ilitye eziphathekayo ukuze kwakhiwe efunyanwa baza ukuqinisa ekhethiweyo kakuhle umxube equka isamente, amanzi, kunye fillers ecikizekileyo kunye irhabaxa. Konke oku liphantsi isitywini mandatory. Kwezinye iimeko, ongeziweyo ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo, kwaye xa kufikwa asphalt eziphathekayo, amanzi ayisetyenziselwanga.

izakhi

eziphathekayo akuboni - umxube zesamente kunye namanzi, ngenxa yendlela phakathi ilitye isamente oluthi luqokelelane, ekwakheni a single fillers litye lesikhumbuzo okuziinkozo kusetyenziswa. Ubume kunye neempawu ngekhonkrithi zixhomekeke ezi izinto. Ziguquka ukuba izinga porosity, impendulo ifuthe ntshikilelo, ixesha ayengawokuphilisa kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu deformation ngekonkriti kule nkqubo Ukuqinisa. Eziphathekayo liye laba izinto eziphambili zokwakha ezisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo ngenxa yokuba ebonelela ngamathuba angawo ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwimixube ngempahla ezahlukeneyo kongezwe fillers ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke ezi mpawu, kwaye wavula ukusebenza yezilo.

Eziphathekayo - a izinto ezomeleleyo ngezinga eliphezulu iyawulwa umlilo, ingxinano yayo, iyahlala nezinye iimpawu zingatshintshwa ngokunika kuyo nayiphi na kwiipropati ezithile. Processing olufanelekileyo umxube inokuvelisa isakhiwo imilo oyifunayo kunye neemveliso zokwakha nezixhotyana zezakhiwo.

A incinane

Njengoko izinto zokwakha ngumntu, ebandakanya amanzi, fillers nesamente eziphathekayo yaziwa ukususela mandulo. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwewaka asixhenxe eyadlulayo ukuba isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa abemi izakhiwo yefama eMesopotamiya zokuhlala. Sasilisebenzisela nabakhi Enkulu ngemfumba. Roma zokwakha eziphathekayo kuye kwabeka kwinqanaba elitsha - abashiya ngasemva kuphela iziseko zezakhiwo, kodwa kwibhloko yonke kwezakhiwo eziphathekayo. iimpawu Uyilo kweendlela yaseRoma, uphahla, nezingqameko kunye nemigangatho yamagumbi lo myalezo ngoku andilahlekelwanga ukubaluleka kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, kumaXesha Aphakathi, iteknoloji lamaRoma lemveliso eziphathekayo sele nobutyobo yalahleka.

Kakade ke, lo eziphathekayo endala - ayikho into efanayo nanamhlanje. Umehluko yalo kwi ekwakhiweni, ngelo xesha kwakungekho samente. Njengoko Umatshini kusetyenziswa gypsum, ngekalika okanye udongwe.

iimpawu

amandla eziphathekayo - kuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba kunefuthe elingqalileyo parameters nokwenziwa eziphathekayo. Phantsi kulo mba ithathwa ukuba ibhekisele ekuzisweni ukukwazi eziphathekayo ukumelana eendaba ndlongondlongo kunye nemikhosi mechanical lwangaphandle. Eli xabiso kuxhomekeke ngeendlela wolawulo: cuke nobomatshini. In GOST 18105-86 imithetho echaziweyo ukuvavanya amandla olungundoqo ukugotywa, ukugogeka ucinezelo. Enye Uphawu lo ukungavumelani kwe ukwahluka, ebonakalisa ukufana mxube.

Ngokuhambelana kunye nokuzimisela GOST 10180-67 olunamandla ngekonkriti oluvelayo kwi ulawulo ucinezelo ityhubhu, iimbambo ukuba ubukhulu 200 mm iintsuku ezingama-28. Olu hlobo kuthiwa amandla ityhubhu. Ngapha koko GOSTs izakusetyenziswa ukugqiba amandla yaye SNiPy. Ngokomzekelo, ubuncinane bamhluba amandla kwezakhiwo eziphathekayo phantsi sisothula ubude span tyaba kweemitha 6 kufuneka ubuncinane ama-70% amandla yoyilo, kunye ubude neemitha ngaphezu kwe-6 - 80% ye amandla yoyilo. Kulo mzekelo, siyipropati kubalulekile amandla. Njengoko ngamatye zendalo, le nto iyamelana ngakumbi ucinezelo, kunokuba kwempixano, ngoko ke amandla sokugqibela sale salathisi elikhethwe njenge njengenqobo engundoqo.

izakhiwo

Eziphathekayo - material omandla luphawu, ukukhula ngenxa yeenkqubo physico-chemical yentsebenziswano phakathi isamente kunye namanzi, enqamleza ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko nokufuma kwaye kufudumele. Kwenzeka ukuba izinto bubambene okanye yomile, le nkqubo lugqityiwe. Ngaphambili, womise okanye ebandayo kakubi impembelelo iimpawu zokugqibela mbandela.

ukufana

Ekusetyenzisweni kunye nayo yonke eminye imiba esi ukufana namandla ixhomekeke umgangatho kunye nomxholo lokubolekwa ezisetyenziswayo, ingakumbi ukuba ezinye iimpawu owokugqibela ukunika amandla afunekayo le eziphathekayo. Ngoko ke, olu khetho inxulumene kowangaphambili, nangona iinkcukacha zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba olu lwalamano akusoloko kunjalo. Ngokwandisa ukufana le eziphathekayo kuvela amathuba amaninzi ukusetyenziswa kakuhle.

Isalathisi yokufana umiselwa ngenxa kweemvavanyo zeesampulu ulawulo eyenziwe yokusebenza ezinokwakheka iipropati ezithile ezinqwenelekayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa inkqubo yokubala iziphumo Isalathisi eemvavanyo abhalwe kwi kubungakanani obufanayo kunye neemeko zokugcina iisampulu ravnovozrastnyh eziphathekayo. Yokufana waterproofness ugqibe ngokuhlola iisampulu Ebubanzini efanayo phantsi kweemeko zokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezifanayo.

mninzi

Olu phawu eziphathekayo inzima ngobulungisa, ekubeni kuyahlukana nedlela ngawaphi amacandelo ezidityaniswe le mithi. Ukwandisa lexinene kule ikhonkrithi ingasetyenziswa pozzolan Portland isamente, nto leyo eyandisa okanye isamente aluminous, hayi imigodi ukwakha ngexesha Ukuqinisa. Impembelelo kule parameter kunye nezongezelelo, plasticisers, nto leyo edla uphucula iimpawu umxube ugqibile. Ukuba ukwakheka nesamente elihambelana BHALA, ngoko ixabiso layo ukwanda eyaziwayo.

iiklasi

Okwangoku, kukho iindidi ezininzi. eziphathekayo ezincinane - a loxinano eziphathekayo nto leyo 500-1800 kg / m ^3. Le iklasi ziquka: alephuze amagwebu eziphathekayo, zandiswa udongwe eziphathekayo elula, ikhonkrithi ovundileyo, zeselula, arbolit, perlite kunye eziphathekayo vermiculite. Xa umxube onjalo amandla ezichaphazela emva enganyangekiyo mncinane kakhulu. Eqhelekileyo okanye enzima eziphathekayo, iphawulwa ukuxinana 1800-2500 kg / m ^3. Njengoko lokufaka esetyenziswa apha chippings, luhlalu. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha, kuqinisekiswa ukuba ukuxhathisa ukwanda ukunxiba. iklasi eziphathekayo ina ngamandla - material kokuba mninzi ngaphezu kwe-2500 kg / m ^3. imixube ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ukwakha izityalo zamandla enyukliya, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokuzikhusela ionizing radiation.

grade eziphathekayo

Le yenye luphawu obalulekileyo kulo mbandela. Isalathisi se amandla compressive ibonisa kwinkcaso ucinezelo yezihlunu. Phawula ikhonkrithi malunga nokwandiswa ibonisa kwinkcaso yezihlunu iisampuli ulawulo akhululeke. Esi salathisi sibonisa inani iqabaka thawing eyenye kunye qhwa imijikelo. zingangenwa brand eziphathekayo ubonisa apho uxinzelelo ngomoya omnye eziphathekayo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi uya kugquma ngexesha lovavanyo lwesiqhelo.

iziphumo

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa naliphi Isisombululo ilungelo injongo kukuba ukuthenga ikhonkrithi, ulungele-mixed ziveliswe ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye nemigangatho State, ngokuba kunzima ukuphumeza isiphumo ayinqwenelayo kwimveliso yayo kwaye ngaphandle nezixhobo ezizodwa.