"Umququ" rating - yintoni na le nto? Yintoni eza kwenzeka emva kokuba Russian "eyinkunkuma" mlinganiselo

Namhlanje kumajelo eendaba ngoku uze imigqomo izithuba isabelo uvavanyo oluthile of Russia ebizwa ngokuba 'inkunkuma' rating. Le nkcazo Akukacaci ukuba baninzi, ngenxa yokuba lo mntu avareji siqonde abangamahlwempu ngokwezemali, kwaye ukuba yonke into ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ecacileyo-rated, ngoko kwiintetho ezifana "inkunkuma", kufuneka uxelele ngokweenkcukacha. Kule nezinye ngokucofa imicimbi kwezoqoqosho kamva kweli nqaku.

Yintoni le

Ukuze siqonde oko kuthethwa "inkunkuma" rating, simele siqale siqonde kwenkcazo 'amanqaku credit. " Nawuphi na umntu, inkampani okanye ilizwe unokuba rating yabo yokuhlawula amatyala. Umzekelo, iibhanki kwiimeko ezininzi ezakha ukureyithwa yabo kubaboleki, xa kufikwa zokukala ukuyondelelana beenkampani ezinkulu okanye ithi, bekwi-arhente ezikhethekileyo rating elizimeleyo. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho FitchRatings, Moody kunye Standard and Poor kaThixo (S & P), ogama imisebenzi yandisa kwihlabathi liphela, yaye izimvo zabo ndiliphulaphule kubatyali-mali ezininzi.

Ngokubhekiselele States, amanani zisekelwe kucazululo imeko yezoqoqosho, isantya sonaniso lwemali kazwelonke kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Asikwazi ukuba kukho inkqubo ezaziqhele ireyithingi, arhente ngamnye iindlela zabo kunye nezalathisi. Onke amabakala lungohlulwa lube ngemimiselo, ophezulu, umgangatho uphezulu eliphakathi. Kulandelwe iziqinisekiso kuyingozi kwaye kwerandi, kwakunye uqikelelo ngokusilela kungekudala. "Umququ" rating - nokuzinikela nje uhlobo enjalo.

Oonobangela kwentlekele Russia

Nangona mlinganiselo Russia yeentengo zemboleko ayibanga kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kodwa akazange "inkunkuma" kunye yokuhlawula amatyala kweli lizwe ngakumbi ayikwazi yathandabuza. Iingxaki yaqala ngo-2014, emva kokuba nokudliwa eCrimea kunye nezohlwayo ekugqibeleni US ne EU. Zonke mandundu yi ukuwa kwamaxabiso e-oyile, kwaqala ukwehla le engange. Ezi kunye nezinye izinto Aye enza ukuba uthethe ngale ntlekele, nkqu amathuba emiselweyo eRashiya.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amazwe with "eyinkunkuma" rating, abe uqoqosho obuthathaka, kunye neengxaki ezininzi. Ngoku, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe baqalisa ukuthetha nzulu malunga Russia ekungeneni kuluhlu lwe mbana. Ke kaloku, ixesha lokugqibela okurhafisa lizwe yeentengo zemboleko phezu kwinqanaba "eyinkunkuma" ngo-2005.

Ingxelo ophambene

Ekupheleni kuka-2014 uMphathiswa ex-Finance Alexei Kudrin wathi nentlekele ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo kwezoqoqosho iqala kweli lizwe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, eRashiya ngowe-2015 ukuze kakuhle kunikwa "eyinkunkuma" rating, iya hhayi kuphela amaxabiso aphantsi oyile - ukwayo kwakhona bamqumbise ukwehla kwezoqoqosho. Ngokutsho lentelekelelo yentloko owayesakuba Ministry of GDP yelizwe lingaya lisehla ngokwehla ubuncinane-2%, sigqibe ekubeni oyile iya kuxabisa $ 80, ngamaxabiso aphantsi kufuphi $ 60 yokuhla kuqoqosho kufikelela-4%.

Kudrin wathi urhulumente imigaqo asanelanga, kangangokuba okanye zero ukukhula ayisoze ngaphandle nobunzima lwangaphandle ezinxulumene amaxabiso oyile kunye nezohlwayo.

wehlise

Ekuqaleni kuka-2015, Fitch bazifinyeza novavanyo yokuhlawula amatyala weRashiya ukuya kwinqanaba BBB-, leyo linyathelo lokugqibela kwindawo utyalo-mali, emva koko kufike "inkunkuma" rating. Russia unikwe ikamva elibi kwixesha elizayo.

Kungekudala emva koko, i-arhente yokulinganisela S & P kunye Moody kaThixo esehlisa mlinganiselo Russia yeentengo zemboleko ukuba kwerandi, okanye-ebizwa ngokuba "eyinkunkuma". Ngokutsho iingxelo zabo, esinye sezizathu kutheni vavanyo ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo eUkraine, apho, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, naye uyakwazi kuchaphazela imeko yezoqoqosho eRashiya ngokwayo. Ukongeza rating nefuthe elibi amaxabiso oyile iphantsi yaye iqondo lonaniso engazinzanga lwemali kazwelonke.

uye eguquguqukayo kaThixo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uthi kukho amathuba okuba ekwenzeni Russian izigqibo ezinjalo karhulumente, ezo ukusa kumkhamo othile kungachaphazela inkonzo ityala yangaphandle eli lizwe ngexesha.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uvandlakanyo-arhente ezahlukeneyo zingafani, thatha kuqala zonke ingqalelo abantu abane embi.

Le Ukwenza ngokweemvavanyo

arhente "Big ezintathu" isilinganiso amaziko azimeleyo, ngovandlakanyo uthathwa ukuba singabi namkhethe okanye injongo. Noko ke, isibakala sokuba arhente unikwe omnye emva "eyinkunkuma" enye rating of Russia, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Foreign Russian njenge izigqibo ngeepolitiki, ngqiqweni ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho umbono kunye ezijolise buthathaka lizwe. Eli Sebe waqinisekisa ukuba ezi zibalo ziyingxenye yinxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo weNtshona kuxinzelelo iRussia ngokusebenzisa ukwayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isigqibo arhente Moody ukuba abele uvavanyo Russian of Ba1, nto leyo nje enye ithetha "eyinkunkuma" rating, Kudrin ingqalelo maloobyasnimym, nangona ngaphambili ucingela malunga ithuba ukunciphisa umlinganiselo eRashiya elipheleleyo ngumyinge. Kungumnqa kukuba ukuya kule rating wahlaziywa kwinyanga nje edluleyo - akucaci kutheni luyimfuneko ngoku.

Kunokuba usongela lizwe

Ngokwawo, i "inkunkuma" isikali ayikho ingozi kakhulu, ngokukodwa njengoko umgangatho onyuka umoya onjalo zizinto eziphambili amaxabiso yeoli, ezo engange, kwakunye neenkampani zakreditovannost kunye namakhaya. Sinokuthi ukuba simo ephantsi ibonakalisa ubunzima yangoku.

Amazwe with "eyinkunkuma" rating bangafumana ubunzima ekufumaneni ngetyala phesheya, njengoko kunjalo weRashiya, ngenxa izohlwayo ebekwe kuyo, ephantsi arhente iireyithingi ngenkankulu ukutshintsha - ukuqukuqela utyalo-lizwe iye yehla kakhulu ngo-2014. Nangona kunjalo, imali ezininzi utyalo ukunyanzelisa ukuvalwa utyalomali uqoqosho i "eyinkunkuma" simiso, ngoko ukungena kwemali amazwe ukuba kuyehla, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho.

Thetha default

Ke ngamarhe malunga nokwenzeka olungagqibekanga, ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kukubaxwa, kwaye ukuxhaswa uphaphazele. Xa sincokola ngayo amanqaku aphantsi, ukuya Category D, nto leyo ithetha ithuba eliphezulu olungagqibekanga, iRussia kusekude kakhulu.

"Umququ" umlinganiselo - oku isivakalisi, ngaphandle ityala amazwe ye-Russian Federation ayikho mkhulu kangaka kwaye kancinane ngaphezu kwe-10% of GDP, ngoxa kwamanye amazwe kunye simo ephakamileyo, ityala karhulumente ngaphezu GDP zabo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, Russia uyakwazi ukugcina izibophelelo zaso ngeendleko neemali zangaphandle.

Yintoni na "eyinkunkuma" ukukala Russia

Okokuqala, kufuneka kunokuthiwa "inkunkuma" rating akuthethi isilayidi lokugqibela eli lizwe emhadini yale ntlekele. Sizoku lwisana yokuhlawula amatyala embi kwentelekelelo Russia, kunye lokuba ngabahlahleli oyile eliphantsi kwangaphambili ngakumbi ixabiso uphelelo engange kunye nezinye iingxaki kuqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, xa emthonjeni engange iye kuthakazelelwa ngamandla nxamnye dollar kunye namaxabiso amafutha ngcono. Urhulumente ngokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukoyisa ntlekele.

Umzekelo, i "eyinkunkuma" rating of Ukraine enyanisweni ibonisa imeko buhlungu yemicimbi kweli lizwe, ogama koqoqosho kuxhomekeke credits Western. Kwimeko eRashiya, izinto bangatshintsha. Ekugqibeleni le meko ibe bhetele, yaye ngoko ke arhente yokulinganisela ukuhlaziya iingqikelelo zabo ngcono.