Indlela iziphatha kagesi isuntswana kwiinkalo nombane zibuthe?

Kagesi yamasuntswana - ilungu, nto leyo iba intlawulo entle okanye embi. Le ingaba mhlawumbi athom, iimolekyuli okanye amasuntswana nezakhiwo. Xa kwisuntswana sele kagesi esigangeni yombane, Coulomb amandla izenzo kuyo. Ixabiso le amandla, ukuba uyawazi amandla entsimini kwindawo ethile, ebalwa yi le fomyula ilandelayo: F = qE.

Ngaloo ndlela, Sizimisele ukuba kwisuntswana kagesi, leyo esigangeni yombane, ihamba phantsi kwempembelelo amandla Coulomb.

Ngoku cinga ifuthe Hall. Ngokomfuniselo, kufunyaniswe ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo kuchaphazela isindululo kwamasuntswana icala. yoqheliso Magnetic ungamandla ubuninzi aye kwisantya ilungu enjalo lo mhlaba otsalayo. A yamasuntswana ityala ihamba kunye Velocity. Ukuba amasuntswana kagesi fly entsimini magnethi kwisantya kwangaphambili, umkhosi aye kwi inxalenye endle aa Incopho na uqina kwe kwisuntswana kunye yoqheliso kumda wesangqa magnethi ngokulandelelana: F = q [v, B]. Ekubeni amandla enza izinto intshukumo yamasuntswana yi nkqo ukuya uqina, kunye lunikezelo, njengoko inikelwa la mandla aa Incopho isindululo, unikezelo eqhelekileyo. Ngako oko, le ngqo endleleni intshukumo uzimisele ndadibana nenye yamasuntswana ityala entsimini ngemagnethi. Ukuba isuntswana engena ome oku kwemigca yomhlaba yoqheliso zemagneti, lo mhlaba otsalayo akenzi kwi kwisuntswana ityala. Ukuba engena nkqo ukuba imigca yoqheliso zemagneti, amandla ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo kwisuntswana isendaweni eliphezulu.

Ngoku bhala II umthetho Newton: qvB = MV ² / R, okanye R = MV / qB, apho m - ubunzima ilungu ityala, kunye R - kwirediyasi isikhokelo. Ukusuka kule equation kulandela ukuba kwisuntswana edakasa endle yohlobo olunye lwe isangqa of radius. Ngoko ke, ixesha lokuhamba ilungu umthetho sizimele ngesantya circumferential yeentshukumo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amasuntswana kagesi nematha lo mhlaba otsalayo, amandla entshukumo aliguqukanga. Ngenxa yokuba mandla aa Incopho isindululo kwamasuntswana kuyo nayiphi na iingongoma indlela, inqaba mhlaba otsalayo aye kwi kwisuntswana lingasebenzi umsebenzi enxulumene ezihamba kwisuntswana ityala.

Ulwalathiso amandla umthwalo emagxeni isindululo ilungu eMali imagnethi nga emiselwe "imigaqo ngasekhohlo." Kuba oku kuyimfuneko endaweni isandla sasekhohlo ukuze iminwe ezine ngokukhomba kolwalathiso uqina kwe yamasuntswana ityala, kakuhle kwaye imigca nemagnethi induction ezilungiselelwe kweli ziko wesundu, kulo mzekelo baphikele ngama-90 nakusithupha iya kubonisa indlela amandla leyo enza izinto ezakhayo yamasuntswana ityala. Xa kunjalo, ukuba kwisuntswana unalo isimangalo ezimbi, ulwalathiso amandla aya kuba okwahlukileyo.

Ukuba amasuntswana kagesi eziwela kummandla yesenzo odibeneyo amasimi Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye zombane, kungamandla, ngokuba amandla Lorentz: F = qE + q [v, B]. Igama lokuqala kulo mzekelo inxulumene isakhi sombane, kwaye eyesibini - ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo.