Indlela abantu abaninzi abahlala eRashiya? Ukubunjwa kwabantu Russian. Russia: indawo, abantu

Indlela abantu abaninzi abahlala eRashiya? Ngokuqinisekileyo lo mbuzo anomdla inxalenye enkulu yabemi belizwe lethu. Ngokutsho Rosstat, ngoMatshi 30, 2014 inani ngabahlali abasisigxina Russian Federation yaba bantu 146,019,512. Kulo mzekelo, amashumi amathandathu anesihlanu ekhulwini labantu abahlala kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe, ummandla ohlala ngaphantsi kwe elinesibhozo ekhulwini kwindawo mhlaba iyonke, apho abemi Central Russia - malunga namashumi amathathu ekhulwini. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukwakhiwa abemi sinikwa edyokhweni kakhulu. Njengoko ka-2014 i-Ubuninzi babantu ngabantu 8.4. nganye square kilometre. Esi sixeko ekhaya ukuya 73,86 pesenti bonke abahlali (ulwazi ngo-2013).

Inombolo akhawunti

In uBukhosi Russian, ubalo lokuqala wenziwe ngo-1897, kuye kwabonisa ukuba labemi (xa imida langoku) kwaba yezigidi 67,473 yabantu. Ngoku Russian Federation ukuphumeza uluhlu rhoqo yabemi okuhambisa labemi. Iinkcukacha-manani oluntu Russian lwenziwa sobhalisa sangoku ebalulekileyo olwenziwa nguRhulumente Kweenkonzo kunye nezigqeba zalo indawo, kwakunye ofisi lobhaliso; akhawunti intshukumo yangoku zifuduka, uqhutywe phezu ukufika ofisi yokundwendwela. Kodwa, Kakade, awona abalulekileyo iimbono kubalo kubalo. Kubalo lokugqibela yabantu Russian lwaqhutywa ngo-2010. Kwakhona phantsi akhawunti yangoku, ukuvumela naliphi na ixesha ukuhlola imeko yezibalo kweli lizwe.

kuqamba National

UMgaqo-siseko uthi Russia - urhulumente beentlanga. On kwintsimi live abameli yayo abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci asibhozo iintlanga. labantu Russian of Russia (ngokutsho kubalo 2010) 77.71 pesenti inani abemi (111 ezigidi abantu abazizigidi 142.9). Abantu bezinye iintlanga, hayi ezi ubuso phezulu kazwelonke (Census, 2010) ngaphezu nje 22.2 ekhulwini labantu (31.8 million). Thelekisa kubalo edlulileyo, kuqhutywa ngo-2002. la manani zabemi Russian le ubume yobuhlanga ngoko hlukile kancinane. Yabemi bebonke abantu abazizigidi 145,2 kwi abemi Russian accounted for million 115.9 (79.83 pesenti), abantu bezinye iintlanga, hayi uqwalasele umntu ubuzwe - 29.3 million (20.2 pesenti). labantu Russian yommandla isasazwa edyokhweni kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, kwimimandla ezifana Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, uluntu Russian lingaphantsi kwe amahlanu ekhulwini labantu bebonke.

iilwimi

Ngaphezu kwekhulu iilwimi zomthonyama akwi zeAltai, i Urals, yaseYurophu Indo- iintsapho ulwimi, Paleo-Asia kunye abaseAfrika iqela ulwimi oluthethwa kwelo lizwe. Ngaloo ndlela Russia ulwimi olunye kuphela karhulumente - Russian (inqaku 68 loMgaqo-siseko). It kwabazalelwe abantu malunga namashumi amathathu ezigidi, ezenza malunga nesi-92% yabemi. Eyona oluthethwa iilwimi ngaphandle Russian - Ukrainian, Belarusian, Ossetian, isiArmenia, German (jonga kwintsapho yaseYurophu Indo-), Chuvash, Bashkir, Tatar (jonga usapho zeAltai), Mari, Erzya, Udmurt (jonga kwintsapho phambene), yaseAvar Chechen, Dargin (funda olu lwimi mpumalanga abaseAfrika), Kabardino-Cherkessia (bobabo intsapho kwiAbkhaz-Adyghe).

Republic of the Russian Federation unelungelo lokuseka iilwimi zabo ezisemthethweni. Umzekelo, kwi Karachaevo-Cherkessia, ukongeza Russian, ubume likarhulumente babe nako Karachai, Abaza,, iilwimi Circassian Nogai. UNESCO ngo-2009 waqonda ngeelwimi elinamanci mathathu anesithandathu esetyenziswa eRashiya, akhiwe eqongeni yokutshabalala.

inkolo

Russian Federation - urhulumente yehlabathi. UMgaqo-siseko oqinisekisa inkululeko abemi yonqulo: enika ilungelo lokuba baziqhelanise naluphi na uhlobo inkolo okanye namnye konke konke na, kwakunye ukhethe ngokukhululeka nokusasaza iinkolelo zabo. Kwiinkolo yabemi Russia bunjengobuso ezininzi nje wesizwe. Kweli lizwe ubomi, amaKristu yaye amaSilamsi, amaYuda amaBhuda. Kukho abahedeni akekho. Uninzi lwabemi Bazibona Orthodox. Ngokubanzi, iinkcukacha-manani ezisemthethweni kummandla unqulo akukho kuqhutywa. Umbuzo inkolo ngexesha lokugqibela wavusa enye 1937 Census. Ngokutsho yomntu uluvo, nje ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abemi Russian ingqalelo ngokwabo ukuba amakholwa, apho iipesenti ezilishumi kuphela rhoqo ukuya ecaweni bagcine zonke zemicimbi kunye nemibhiyozo. Esiseleyo ekhulwini amane anesithathu ecaweni kuphela neeholide izithethe, kunye nemibhiyozo musa ukuthobela. Enye sesithathu sabaphenduli (amashumi amathathu ananye ekhulwini) bayavuma ukuba uThixo ukho, kodwa mdla ebomini ecaweni. Malunga ezintandathu ekhulwini ukhona, kwaye ezisibhozo pesenti musa ukubonakalisa isimo sengqondo ngayo unqulo.

Russia: indawo, abantu

Nesiqwenga ezingundoqo zokuhlala kukho unxantathu, incam esemantla apho - St. Petersburg, emazantsi - Sochi, kunye empuma - Irkutsk. Ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma nxantathu ke intlango semi-entlango, ukuya emntla - bommandla we permafrost kunye hlathi. Ukuthetha ngabantu abaninzi kangakanani abahlala eRashiya, siye saphawula ukuba isambuku labemi buzinze ngundoqo lizwe. ESiberia, indawo phantse kwiikota ezintathu intsimi, likhaya ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini ekhulwini abantu. labemi zasezidolophini eRashiya kuqwalasele kakhulu kwindawo engundoqo ye inxalenye European (ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Ufa) kunye nomzantsi (ukusuka Sochi ukuya Derbent).

KwiMpuma Ekude kunye eSiberia, ubuninzi abemi kuhlala ecaleni kwe Trans-Siberian Railway. Kule nxalenye yabemi izixeko Russia thaca abahlali naseNovosibirsk, eOmsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, iyavuma. Kwakhona, abantu abaninzi abahlala kummandla Kuzbass. Ukususela ngo-2012, eRashiya kukho megacities elinesihlanu (kunye kwemiphakathi ngaphezu kwesigidi). Oku eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Samara, naseNovosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, saseChelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan, eOmsk, Perm, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Volgograd, Voronezh. Zokuhlala inkulu, lo submillioneram ebizwa ngokuba apho inani labahlali akakafiki million mnye, noko Krasnodar, Saratov kunye Togliatti. Inani labantu izixeko Russian, eziye ezidweliswe ngasentla, phantse ikota yabemi bebonke (ezingamashumi amabini anesibini ekhulwini). Omnye anamanci amathandathu anesihlanu iindawo zwe (ka-2012) kuzo, kukho ezingaphezu kwesinye ikhulu lamawaka abantu.

labemi Russia xa unyaka

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kwi Russian Federation kwenzeka enengxaki yezibalo. Kuphela ngo-2013 imeko kuye kwaphucuka, yaye lonke ilizwe yabalasela kukunyuka zendalo yabemi. Ngabantu abaninzi kangakanani abahlala eRashiya ngoku, sele sitshilo. Ngoku makhe sibone indlela meko kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

2006

Ngokutsho Rosstat, eRashiya wazalwa 1 yezigidi 496,6 amawaka abantu ngo-2006 (22.2 amawaka ngaphezulu kunyaka ophelileyo), wafa - 2 million 166 700 (137.2 amawaka ngaphantsi ngakumbi kunyaka ophelileyo). Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo nenzalo 10.4, kwaye lokufa - 15.2. Ukuhla kwenani - 687,1 amawaka abantu, nto leyo 159,5 amawaka ngaphantsi kwe ngo-2005 ... Ekubeni kuthathelwa ingqalelo imfuduko ukukhula ukuhla jikelele yaba 532,6 amawaka abantu. Ngeli xesha lokwenza ingxelo lwande kakhulu ubomi bakho. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngo-2005 yaba iminyaka 65.3 ngo-2006, waphakama ukuya kwiminyaka 66.8. Xa abantu, ixesha lokuqala ukusukela-1998, kulindeleke ukuba ubomi Ugqwesile yobudala yomhlala-phantsi kwaye iminyaka 60.37 (xa kuthelekiswa no-2005, kunye neminyaka 1.5), kunye nabafazi - iminyaka 73.23 (kunye neminyaka 0.83).

2007

Ukubunjwa yabemi Russia kweli xesha lwalutshintshile, kuba anda kakhulu ukukhula imfuduko - yi 67,1 ekhulwini (103.7 amawaka abantu) xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ongaphambili. Ngenxa yale kwadodobalisa phantsi ukuvuthuluka meko yezibalo. Kulo nyaka, owazalwa 1 yezigidi 610,1 amawaka abantu bafa 2 million 080,4 amawaka. Izinga ukuzalwa 11.3, izinga lokufa - 14.6. Ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa 2006, wazalwa abantu 130,500 (8.8 pesenti) ngaphezulu wafa kunye 86.3 amawaka (4 ekhulwini) ngaphantsi. Ngo-Oktobha 2007, kwafika ukuba zikhanyise irekhodi kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo inani labantwana - 154.3 amawaka. Ngokubanzi kuzo zonke republic eli lizwe ngo-2007 ezinophawu ukwanda kwenani yokuzalwa, ukwanda zendalo yabonwa kwingingqi mabini anamnye. Nokuba kwi Magadan kummandla inani kutshatwa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo lenyuka ukusuka abantu 1820 ukuya 1825 ukuncipha yendalo - 470,3 amawaka abantu, kuquka ukwehla yabantu ngumhlali - 212,1 amawaka.

2008

imeko elibonisa iqhubekile isiba bhetele. Wazalwa 1 million 713,9 amawaka abantu bafa - 2.000.000 075.900. Izinga ukuzalwa 12 ukufa - 14.5. Ukwehla yendalo - 362 000 abantu, kuquka ukwehla yabantu umhlali - 104.900. Kancinci lehla ukwanda yokufudukela, kodwa kancinane kuphela: ukusuka 258,2 lamawaka 257,1 amawaka Noko ke, yena asixhenxe ananye ekhulwini labantu babuyekezwe ngelahleko ...

2009

Yamanani, kwakhona, kwaphuculwa. Wazalwa 1 million 761,7 amawaka abantu bafa - 2.000.000 10.500. Izinga ukuzalwa 12.3 kwaye izinga lokusweleka - 14.1. Ukwehla yendalo - 249,4 amawaka abantu. Ngenxa yokukhula yokufudukela, ukuze kubuyekezelwe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuhla zendalo okokuqala kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, xa kuthelekiswa ne labemi lizwe kunyaka ophelileyo zinyukile yaye yaba, ekupheleni kuka-2009, 141 927 297 abantu, nto leyo engamashumi amabini anesithathu amawaka ngaphezu ngo-2008 nyaka. iindawo Baku asixhenxe ezinophawu ukwanda kwenani yokuzalwa, kwimimandla asixhenxe anesihlanu waphawula lancipha inani yokufa.

2010

Ngeli xesha, owazalwa 1 yezigidi 178,9 amawaka abantu bafa - 2.000.000 28.500. Izinga ukuzalwa 12.5, izinga lokufa - 14.2. A ukunyuka okungephi nokuyibulala impahla xa kuthelekiswa no-2009 kungachazwa bubushushu okungaqhelekanga, wawa ngoJulayi nango-Agasti ka-2010 e-Russia. ukuhla Natural, nto leyo eyayifikelela kwi-amawaka 239,6. Abantu, kwalinganiswa ngokupheleleyo nokwanda yokufuduka. Njengoko ingxelo, ngo-2010, enye ubalo kwaqhutywa. Ngokutsho data kuyo, inani labantu eRashiya yaba bantu 142.905.200.

2011

Kweli xesha Januwari-Epreli phantsi kovavanyo, kwabakho ukwehla wenzala yi 14.1 ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa nelo xesha Iinye lonyaka odlulileyo. Kwakhona lehla izinga lokufa - 20.6 ekhulwini. ukuhla Natural ehle kakhulu kwaye zaba ku amawaka 129,1. Abantu ngonyaka. ukukhula Imfuduko - 320,1 amawaka.

2012

Wazalwa 1 million 902,1 amawaka abantu, nto leyo 5,9 ekhulwini (105.5 amawaka.) Ngaphezu ngo-2011. Kwafa abantu abali-1 million 906,3 lamawaka, nto leyo 1 ekhulwini (19.4 amawaka) ngaphantsi kwe ngo-2011. Ukwehla yendalo yaba bantu 4251 kuphela - kunye kunyaka edlulileyo umahluko omkhulu. ukukhula Imfuduko zehlele - 294.900. iindawo ezingamashumi zelizwe kwakukho ukwanda yendalo (ngo-2011 - kwizifundo ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo kuphela).

2013

Kumazibulo abantu ngaphezu bafa kwiminyaka. Nangona, xa kuthelekiswa m-2012, bazalwa amatakane ngaphantsi -. Just 1 million 895,8 amawaka, kodwa wafa kunye negcuntswana kakhulu labantu - 1 million 871,8 amawaka. Ngoko ke, ukwanda yemvelo abantu 24.013, wawuqhutywa kwangethuba kwiindawo amane-ezintathu Russia. ukukhula Imfuduko azizange kumgangatho ofanayo - 295,8 amawaka.

2014

Manani zakutshanje ekhoyo ukususela kweyoMqungu-Februwari 2014. Kuba iinyanga ezimbini kwi-Russian wazalwa amawaka 301,5. Abantu, apho abantu 391 ngaphantsi ngakumbi kwixesha elinye 2013. Wafa 317.9 lamawaka, nto leyo 11 376 abantu ngaphantsi kwe ngoJanuwari-Februwari ka-2013. Ngenxa yale ukuhla yemvelo-16 427 abantu, nto leyo ngaphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa xesha elidlulileyo - 27 412 abantu. Ezingamashumi amane kwimimandla yongeniselo bendalo belizwe yarekhodwa.

sokuphila

Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukwazi bangaphi abantu abahlala eRashiya. Kodwa akukho mbuzo ubalulekileyo ngaphantsi: "Indlela abantu abaninzi abahlala eRashiya?" Le ngxelo yonyaka WHO 2013, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba ukuba ubomi obuphilwayo imfutshane amadoda Russian phakathi bonke abantu Central Asia naseYurophu. Zihlala ngokomyinge ukuya kwiminyaka 62,8 kuphela, nto leyo Lilishwa kakhulu. Thelekisa: iminyaka ephezulu ubomi besilisa eliphawulwe kwaSirayeli - kwiminyaka 80.1. ESpeyin, eli nani yiminyaka 78,8, lo gama kule UK - iminyaka 78,4.

demographic trends

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isakhiwo ubudala yabemi Russia kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kakhulu, nokunciphisa inani baseRashiya abo yokusebenza ubudala, ngelixa wayekhula inani umhlala ngokukhawuleza. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba eminyaka ezayo, Russia akwazi yogqithe nengxaki kuphuculo pension, njengabemi zokusebenza aziyi kuba nako liqulathe yokwanda ngokukhawuleza inani umhlala.

Kwakhona, i-Institute of abasebenzi zosasazeko Studies ukulindela ukuba kuza kunciphisa inani labemi Russian, njengoko umlinganiselo ukuzalwa kwiintsapho liphantsi kakhulu, abantu bakhetha ukuba umntwana ngaphezu kwesinye, lo ubuninzi - ezimbini, leyo, Kakade ke, ichaphazela demographic trends. Kwangaxeshanye, makhe ndithi, xa iintsapho abaseAfrika, izinga lokuzala liphezulu kakhulu, ngoko, inani labantu kwenani lilonke abemi belo lizwe ngcembe uya kwanda. Le meko azikwazi kodwa kubangela inkxalabo.

Imveliso ibonakala kuphela nokuphucula umgangatho wokuphila kwabantu, impilo yoluntu, ngokubonelela abemi ithuba ukuxhasa ngokwaneleyo kwaye bafundise abantwana. Kananjalo kufuneka ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo enamandla ejolise ekomelezeni iziko intsapho zonke iinkalo lomsebenzi kuwo onke amacala. Kuthiwa esiwa amazinga ukuzalwa - ingxaki kuphela eRashiya kodwa ehlabathini lonke.