Impahla Bonitarnaya ngomthetho wamaRoma: Iimpawu

impahla Bonitarnaya ke kubumnini bepropati, ngokutsho mva umthetho waseRoma ngaphezu kviritskoe.

ukudluliselwa Iimpawu

Ukuzimisela kwempahla bonitarnoy ngomthetho wamaRoma ezinjalo ayikho. Kusetyenziswe le habere ibinzana kwi liliso kwi uBukhosi baseRoma kunye Latin ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "bonitarnoe ilifa" kunokuba "propati". Noko ke, ngo Ezolimi Russian yaba Limi translation ekuchazweni, ngoko isasetyenziswa nangoku nomthetho lwasekhaya.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingqikelelo ye "propati bonitarnaya" elisetyenziswe eRashiya, enye inguqulelo lendlele ikwasetyenziswa. Enoba lwalunjani, ngumongo ingqiqo ihlala injalo xa usebenzisa nayiphi na inguqulelo kwamkelwa kwikota.

Kakuhle eli Umba

Kweli xesha lokuqala lokusekwa kukhal amalungelo baseRoma uBukhosi kwaba overblown, yaye ngenxa yoko amaphepha iye kakhulu ingxaki yayiyazi.

Uphuhliso eqhelekileyo ubudlelwane zorhwebo kunye zemarike uBukhosi baseRoma ayikwazanga ukudityaniswa meko ezintsonkothileyo ingenalo novelwano, ngoko zobunkokeli lizwe kwanyanzeleka ukuba athathe amanyathelo lula umthetho. Ukuze uphephe inkqubo elide lokutshintshela iimpahla ukusuka umthengisi kumthengi, uRhulumente waqalisa ukudlulisela izinto ezithengwe a transfer elula. Ngesi senzo Praetor (igosa likarhulumente) ngokusesikweni ngokuqinileyo iimpahla ezithengiweyo kumthengi njenge umthengi bona fide ze (e oza), ngaphandle kokudlula bonke okusemthethweni.

ezinye iimpawu

Kwimeko xa ipropati yatshintshelwa ngenye indlela, leyo zange iqatshelwe umthetho kviritskom, umthengi ayikwazanga ahluthwe ilungelo lokuba lo propati. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha enye into wabekwa amalungelo nje ezimbini lilifa: esitsha (ipropati bonitarnaya) kunye nabadala (kviritskomu kwi ekunene). Ngokungqinelana nale nomthetho kviritskaya ubunini into kuye ezandleni zomntu omnye, kodwa bonitarnaya - omnye.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba emva abaninzi kangaka kweminyaka bonitarnaya (Undlunkulu welizwe) ipropati butshintshe zibe kviritskuyu. kunjalo kukho ezinye iinkalo intengiso izinto ngale ndlela, kodwa kwakunzima imeko ezinqabileyo, ngoko kweli nqaku, abayi kuqwalaselwa.

Property Iindidi: kviritskaya, bonitarnaya kunye nobunini yephondo njengeyona

Eli candelo iya kunikwa yokuqinisekisa iintlobo kwempahla olwalukho uBukhosi baseRoma.

Ukulungisa impahla kviritskoy lwaqhutywa ngokuhambelana nomthetho yombango eRoma. Nakule Ekuqaleni ubukhosi ukuba ilungelo kwipropati kuphela kweli lizwe. Ukuze into eyakhe kviritskomu ngumthetho, kwafuneka ukuba ube ngummi waseRoma, unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe.

Bonitarnaya - propati, apho ilungelo basis pretorskoe. Olu hlobo ubunini, njengoko sele kuchaziwe ngentla, waba babephikisana kviritskomu umthetho ngenxa yokuba kolu hlobo lwesivumelwano Akabagagameli isiko, ngoko ke nokwazeka kwayo kubo.

impahla Provincial wabonakala ngokunxulumene ukwandiswa uBukhosi baseRoma kunye neziphumo kude ngaphaya lizwe. Ekubeni ezinye intsimi, ukongezelela eItali, ayikwazanga iphunyezwe kviritskoe ekunene, uBukhosi kwafuneka ukuza indlela ukunyenyisa nobunini babucala bempahla. Ngoko ke wadalwa ipropati ebizwa njalo-yephondo apho umntu ufumene ilungelo lokusebenzisa ipropati loluntu ukwenzela ukuba simunce kuyo inzuzo ethile.

impahla Peregrinskoy ebizwa impahla zezabantu abangengabo ngummi waseRoma (njengeyona). Baya ukuthobela imithetho musa isicelo kummandla bukhosi. Ngoko ke, amazwe ukuze ube nokhuseleko ngokupheleleyo entendelezweni yamaRoma kwizinto nakulwa enxulumene nobunini. Ekuhambeni kwexesha peregrinskaya impahla yaphela ngolo hlobo yaye enxulumene ukuba bonitarnoy.

Kviritskaya, bonitarnaya, ipropati yephondo kunye peregrinskaya - ezi iintlobo eziphambili obunini propati ukuba zaba khona kummandla uBukhosi baseRoma.

Iimpawu komthetho wamaRoma

Umthetho kviritskaya ipropati yamaRoma impahla bonitarnaya wabakho ecaleni kunye nabanye. Oku kungenxa nje kuphela eqalisiweyo iimeko karhulumente, kodwa ke nomqondo samaRoma omthonyama.

Eyona iphambili yokucinga abaseRoma, eyagcina urhulumente nje Ubukhulu ngelo xesha, waye wesijikelezi-kwiqela abalulo njengoko lwiimi ziveleleyo lizwe. Ngoko ke, ookhokho odolo elondoloza wabeka baba lecebo. Kodwa ke amaRoma baba lula kakhulu kwaye baqonde ukuba kumgxobhozo ngokwemimiselo akazange avumele bamazwe kunye abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuqhuba ngempumelelo ishishini.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kweli lizwe a kwimeko kwakukho nje ezimbini iintlobo eziphambili propati, abe omnye ubukhulu becala iyangqubana kwelinye apho ngelo xesha linye.

imiphumela

Xa komthetho wamaRoma ixesha elide kwabakho ezimbini kubudlelwane ubumnini. Kakade ke, le meko hayi eyona ndlela ichaphazela zombini zizinto kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo lomthetho.

Noko ke, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane amaRoma nako ukulungisa le meko; ngoko ke kwafuneka ukuba ukuya kule nkqubo okhoyo. Kuphela VI. n. e., emva kokuwa the Western baseRoma nasekuqaleni ukubalasela eNtshona Yurophu izikumkani iqaba, imeko enxulumene mbini kobunini wabhangiswa isekwimo pravopriemstvennom ye uBukhosi baseRoma.

Ukutshintsha le nkqubo elidityaniswe kunye igama edume loMlawuli Justinian, ngubani kumgaqo-siseko ekhethekileyo emiselweyo ukwaliwa inkqubo hlengiso amalungelo obunini kumhlaba karhulumente.

Ngenxa yoko, kviritskaya kunye nempahla bonitarnaya yaphela, ugcwalise yonke i elizibalula endleleni ngembali uBukhosi baseRoma.

isiphelo

umthetho waseRoma isiseko ukuyilwa komthetho yaseYurophu izikumkani ngumbharbhari elalisandul 'ukusekwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto nangoku kufundiswa kwiiyunivesithi kwi-Faculty of Law.

Imigaqo emininzi kunye iziseko babeka emva eRoma, baye bamkelwa kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini lisebenziswa. Ngaphandle kokuba umthetho waseRoma izinto zehlabathi lanamhlanje cishe esebenzayo, ngamakhoboka kwaba yeyona abacingayo nokulawula amalungelo onke amazwe ezikhoyo ngoko.

impahla Bonitarnaya - enye izinto ezibalulekileyo umthetho waseRoma, nto leyo ngeendlela ezininzi ubonakalise umthetho obukhona kweli lizwe phambi kokuba VI. n. e.