Immunoglobulin - yintoni na le nto? Immunoglobulin (analysis): nanjengokwesimo kwaye ukutenxa

Indoda engqongwe iintsholongwane kunye ziintsholongwane ubomi bakhe bonke. Abaninzi kubo siphila ngaphandle, musa kunokubangela naziphi na iingxaki kwimpilo yabantu, kwaye abanye baxhamle. Noko ke, phezu belingana iintsholongwane engeyongozi ukuba umzimba womntu angene kunye kwamagciwane bandiqumbisayo izifo ezosulelayo esosulelayo. Nabo, umzimba womntu uzama ukulwa. Kwaye apha beze immunoglobulins enkundleni.

Immunoglobulin - a iiseli ezikhethekileyo eziqulethwe egazini aze axhase ngumsebenzi wayo. Xa efumanise iiseli amazwe, iintsholongwane okanye Cya, ezi iimolekyuli omzimba aqale yokungenelela kuzo.

Yintoni globulin omzimba: Iimpawu

Immunoglobulins i isixhobo ebalulekileyo yamajoni omzimba. Zinelungelo inani iimpawu:

1. Okukodwa. Kuyinto Nokwethisa lo pathogen ngokwalo kuphela. Nangona uninzi imithi elwa kwaye antiviral kuchaphazela ityhefu nje kuphela ngamagciwane, kodwa xa iiseli zomzimba ngokwakhe.
2. Ingozi umzimba.
3. A ndzo lincinane ekulweni iantigens.
4. Ukuhamba. Ekubeni igazi immunoglobulins beza nakwezona nxalenye zikude iiseli zomzimba kunye ulawulo lwezinambuzane.

Imisebenzi molecule omzimba

Immunoglobulin - iproteni ukuba ukhona imisebenzi emininzi bemvelo, zezi zilandelayo:

• ukuqaphela into wasemzini;
• emva ukuzenza i iantigens kwaye ukuyilwa ndingento omzimba;
• Ukhuseleko ngokuchasene kwakhona izifo-;
• ukutshatyalaliswa iimbono surplus izilwa immunoglobulin idiotypic;
• ijwabu ukungahambisani omnye iintlobo, ezifana amalungu zilinywe.

ngezigaba immunoglobulins

Kuxhomekeka ubunzima eziphilayo, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi amaqela ezintlanu immunoglobulins: G (lgG), M (lgM), A (lgA), E (elingumhlali-), D (lgD).

Immunoglobulin E (elingumhlali-) ezifumaneka egazini plasma ibe ncinci kakhulu. Zimiliselwe iiseli eluswini, inwebu yangaphakathi, kunye basophils. Eli qela immunoglobulins unoxanduva kukuvela i uxabane nawo. Ukujoyina ukuba Isilwa kukhokelela nokudumba, pruritus, eluvundwini, kunye nezinye negazi lakho.

Ukuba IgE i eziphakamileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukungena kuwo umzimba ukubacaphukisa izinto okanye ubukho nokwaliwa ukuba izixa ezikhulu histamine. Ukuze amise ukuxilongwa iimvavanyo zegazi olongezelelweyo kufuneka luqhutywe ukubhaqa omzimba athile.

Ngaphezu koko, xa immunoglobulin E banda, kufuneka avavanywe kwakhona ubukho irhorho izinto emzimbeni, umz, helminths. Ezi Iintsholongwane olwaye lwamfimfitha enyama yangaphakathi, phantsi isifo, nto leyo ibe kukuqinisa weseli yemveliso protini.

Immunoglobulin M (lgM) enobunzima ephakamileyo eziphilayo, kuba yintoni ukungena egazini losana ngexesha kuphuhliso yakhe siswini. Isiqhamo iphuhlisa wayo. Nokunatyiswa yeli qela immunoglobulins kuqala emva kokuba ufumane usulelo emzimbeni. Immunoglobulin M ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokususa arhente causative ukusuka yegazi. Ukwandisa immunoglobulin M na okwalathisayo ukuba ukudumba kakhulu emzimbeni. Umzekelo, lamanani aphezulu ezi zinto kwi igazi imfesane yosana ithetha ngemvelaphi usulelo ezingekazalwa, usulelo lwe-rubella, negcushuwa, okanye toxoplasmosis.

Immunoglobulin G yeyona mali enkulu omzimba egazini. Development kuqala ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa usulelo emzimbeni kwaye emva kokuba nokuveliswa immunoglobulin M. abagcinwe emzimbeni ixesha elide. Olu luhlobo kuphela omzimba ezosulela ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni nokudala umzimba kwizifo.

Immunoglobulin lgA ebizwa secretory njengoko ikhusela yokuphefumla, womchamo kunye nosulelo zesisu. Kwakhona libonisa iintsholongwane ukuhlasela inwebu yangaphakathi. Yintoni D immunoglobulin, ubungakanani bayo, umsebenzi, kwada kwasekupheleni ayaziwa nangoku.

analysis Ukubekwa immunoglobulin

uvavanyo kwegazi ukujonga isixa immunoglobulin E wabelwa xa sombefu inyumoniya, dermatitis atopic, ukutya okanye nokwaliwa iziyobisi. inyumoniya nezolo, amathumba ulusu, Ukophuka rhoqo amalungu omzimba, zokufota kunye sinusitis zibonisa leengxaki yemfuza va kungomlinganiselo aphezulu engaqhelekanga leeprothini iqela omzimba E.

Uvavanyo for Immunoglobulin M unikwe ekufumanekeni of izifo ezihlasela zosulele kunye ezondeleyo suppurative, usuleleko intrauterine, ukuminxeka ukuqina, izifo olwaye lwamfimfitha. Nikela igazi zokuhlalutya isixa immunoglobulins lgG unayo silubone izifo nezolo bokuphefumla ngokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, wentsholongwane egazini kunye kohlobo ezosulelayo, AIDS.

Uhlalutyo immunoglobulin A kwi meningitis ephindaphindekayo, otitis, sinusitis, ezigula, wegazi, lymphoma.

lithi awukho

Ukuswela iinxalenye unalo ibonisa ubukho intswelo omzimba. Kunokuba abe enaso, oko kukuthi, eziziprayimari nezizisekondari ezifunyenwe. Oku kubonakala izifo nezolo kunye ezingapheliyo amagciwane. Ukuswela immunoglobulin luqhelekileyo lgA. Lubonakaliswa ukunyuka susceptibility lula zizifo. Izinto ezibangela immunodeficiencies zasesekondari kunokuba obungafaniyo kakhulu - ukusuka yokudla ukuba sesichengeni ionizing kwemitha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe immunoglobulin kwabantu

Immunoglobulin - ayikho nje iiseli protein, umsebenzi yokhuselo, kodwa ke into aza kusetyenziswa amayeza. Ifumaneka iintlobo ezimbini:

• isisombululo emigodini intramuscular;
• olungumgubo yolawulo efakwa.

immunoglobulin Human linokukwenziwa kunye unyango endaweni:

• immunodeficiencies eziziprayimari nezizisekondari;
• izifo kakhulu lohlobo amagciwane;
• izifo ezahlukeneyo komzimba;
• AIDS kubantwana;
• kuthintelo izifo kwiintsana njengokuzalwa.

Allergen immunoglobulin angenza ngcono imeko umntwana elikhala abuthethileyo komzimba. Abamiselweyo, angaba ugqirha kuphela.

Njengenxalenye ugonyo lokuthintela ingafunyanwa nayo immunoglobulin yabantu okanye izilwanyana. Serum wasebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe umzimba kwizifo. Okuqukiweyo olu gonyo zokulwa umkhuhlane, rubella, uqilikwane, yimasisi.

Treatment kunye immunoglobulins

Treatment kunye omzimba iqhutywa kuphela ngaphandle esibhedlele, njengoko kukho inani yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:

• fever, kuthibaza, intloko ebuhlungu;
• ukuphelelwa umoya, ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo;
• ukugabha, urhudo, amahlaba esiswini;
• ukozela, ubuthathaka, uvakalelo ekukhanyeni;
• tachycardia, kwesifuba.

Phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lwe imithi ugqirha emiselweyo ukuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye ngexesha zisanyisa.

Apho ukuba bathenge imithi immunoglobulin

Thenga amayeza kunye omzimba kunokuba sibe ekhemesti. Okuqhotyoshelwe kolu xwebhu isikhokelo kunye inkcazelo eneenkcukacha, Izimo, kunye idosi. Kodwa ukuthenga uthabathe neziyobisi ngaphandle kagqirha ayikho imfuneko. Ixabiso intramuscular immunoglobulin 10 nengqayi avareji 800-900 engange. ibhotile aphindwe-25 ukuba isitofu efakwa yi-avareji ye-2600 engange. Kwikhemesti nako ukuthenga iziyobisi ukuvimbela likaxakeka, eziquka immunoglobulin yabantu. ixabiso layo liya kuba phezulu kakhulu, kodwa ke kufuneka nje indoda ethe yangena kujoliswe bhubhane.

Immunoglobulin - iproteni indalo globular, ukungabikho okanye ukungabikho esilimaza kakhulu urhulumente komzimba womntu. Engenabantu ngesiyilelo-gazi, oko ekhoyo kumalungiselelo kakhulu immunostimulatory.