Imizekelo bylinas. Amaqhawe epics Russian

Epics - uhlobo lwemveli ingoma kunye nangendlela yeqhawe. ibali lwabo idla yakhelwe inkcazo yalo naluphi na iziganeko ezimangalisayo elidlulileyo okanye iziqephu zembali ezibalulekileyo. Amaqhawe Epos zahlukahlukene ngokwendalo, kodwa amandla njalo ukulwa ububi. Iintshaba heroes wachaza kungekho ngaphantsi inemibala, yonke umlinganiswa - avezwe eqhelekileyo. Imizekelo amabali amaninzi, kodwa abanye kufuneka ngokuthe ngqo, kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

wenza njani igama elithi boncwadi 'ibonwe "

Igama yangoku yaphakanyiswa ngo-1839 ngu philologist Ivanom Saharovym, ngubani wapapasha inqaku lakhe kule ncwadi ka 'Songs zabantu Russian. " Izazinzulu ziye wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi "kuba lo amaqhawe", gama elo elithetha "ngokutsho izibakala." "Ibali lokwenyaniso", "yangaphambili", "eyindumasi" - ukhetho olumnandi waphumelela.

Ngokwemveli lo amaqhawe yahlulwe imijikelo emibini ezinkulu: Kiev ne Novgorod. Nabalinganiswa yokuqala enkulu mali ezinxulumene, njengoko esilawulwa izifundo, apho izibalo isixeko eyinkunzi kunye eyadini Kiev Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavovych yaye kamva Vladimir Monomove.

Epic heroes-namaqhawe zezi: kulya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich, Stavr Godinovich, Churilo Plenkovich, Michael Potyk. Amaqhawe ifilimu Novgorod - it merchant guslar Sadko kunye Vasily Buslaev hero. "Senior" Kiev Amaqhawe - Mikula Selyaninovich, Svyatogor kunye iVolga.

izazinzulu zophando

Imizekelo epics luphawulwa kukuba kude ngenkulungwane ye-18, ukuba wayengavuswanga kubhalwe. Ingqokelela yokuqala wombhali Kirsa Danilova yasekwa eMoscow kuphela ngo-1804. Yaye kuphela emva koko kulandele reissue intw '. Ngomhla igagasi umdla Epos kwiminyaka 1830-1850 Slavophil Kireevskiy Pet Vasilevich uququzelele ingqokelela ngokubanzi lwe lwemveli. Ngexesha elifutshane yena kunye nabancedisi bakhe kwabhalwa ngazo kumakhulu zamaqhawe iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kummandla iVolga kunye kwiphondo lommntla, ngoko eSiberia kunye Urals. Isiphumo iqela lophando i baqalisa amabali 80.

Ngokubanzi, imizekelo Epos iye systematized ngokupheleleyo ixesha elifutshane, yaye Philologists, izazinzulu bakwazi ukusebenza ngento enkulu enkulukazi. Oku kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni lwemveli kwi nezifundo kunye nemisebenzi zemfundo. Le mizekelo ezibalulekileyo bobuchule oyindumasi abantu IsiRashiya ukuya ziboniswe kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Kwiintsomi ezininzi enkulukazi baba isiseko wentsomi ukuchaza iintlekele zemvelo kunye nohlobo kakhulu amaqhawe ngokoyisa neziphumo zazo. Kwaye wenza njalo ngempumelelo. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, lo amaqhawe ngandlela zonke ukutshintsha, ukuhlengahlengisa kwaye nciphisa. Ngaxa lithile, amabali ugalelwe lwemveli yomlomo West, kodwa ngo engcolileyo, yaye enjalo imigudu uyaqhubeka zicinezelwa. Ekugqibeleni Epos ezilandelelaniswa.

iimpawu uphawu

Ngokuthe ngcembe enkulukazi wathabatha lwemveli ngcembe kunye nefomu loncwadi, yaye ngaloo ndlela kukho indlela ecacileyo kakhulu imibongo equka yindibanisela dactyl kunye ikwayara, yaye kamva kusuka anapests. Rhymes akazange ngokoqobo, zonke ezisekelwe phezu euphony le vesi kunye musicality yakhe. Ivesi epics ezahlukeneyo ukusuka 'pobyvalschin "iseti abangekaphuhli ngaphandle iprozi, leyo, ezobugcisa ayamkelwa luluntu. zobuciko yokwenene lwegama usoloko zizityebi kunye amathuba zemibongo, ezele epithets, njengobuxoki kunye nothelekiso. Ngoko ndinyana ecacile neqondakalayo kwi isandi sawo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo zobuciko ivesi yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. Umbalisi ngokungqinelana yokuqala sokwenza, ukuba bammise phambi izicatshulwa njengokuba yena, yaye inxalenye yesibini unyanzelisa ukuba ulandele ipateni ethile, i ngokuqhelekileyo nokudlulisela umxholo kule ntetho ngqo, ngaphandle kokutshintsha igama elinye. Ngaloo yayifunyenwe mosaic ngomlomo, nto leyo akusoloko khangela zendalo. buxhomekeke kakhulu italente umbalisi.

Kulya Muromets, iqhawe lo amaqhawe

"... Wahlala kufutshane nedolophu Moore, kwidolophana Karacharovo umlimi ukukhula sobugorha, kodwa akaba nako ukuhamba, bonke esitovini wayelele. Into yokuba imilenze musa ukuhamba, usizi ilya. Waweva inkunzi ku iindlela zabantu rob Dragon eRashiya krwada, ukuze onke amantombazana ziphanzile ngokupheleleyo. indlela yokunceda ilizwe lokuzalwa ilya bamlilela.

Wanceda bahambi abeye basele amanzi. Pokoldovali yes imilenze zalungisa Ile Muromtsu, wesuka, silushku wazuza nanto. Ndathenga ngokwam ihashe elungileyo, bazisike, hlala kusasa kwabakho umbethe, waza waba knight kulya umdlalo olunamandla ngokukhawuleza.

Kulya ababehlangene imazi Burushku, kodwa wakhwela umyalelo eRashiya ukwalathisa, kodwa ubone. "

Sadko

intsomi Russian yi imixholo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokuhombisa. Heroes kuwa phezu siqithi, apho Ngaba Izinto Wild, ezinzulwini yolwandle, apho babelindele kukumkani elwandle kunye mermaids.

Epic "Sadko" - enye imisebenzi engcono ibonwe. Kwingcaciso yakhe wadala Rimsky-Korsakov enegama elifanayo. Ukongeza, lo amaqhawe "Sadko" saba iyelenqe Ngomlawuli umboniso Alexander Ptushko kunye Sergei Stolyarov and ingxubevange Larionovoy Ifaka.

"... Xa Novograd nobuqaqawuli bobabini baphila umrhwebi Sadko, sisityebi, eyinzwana. Eyayifudula kuphela yarovchaty yakhe uhadi ngamakholwane wamenywa ukuba ukudlala, ngoko waphila. Ewe, kodwa loo nto akasibizelanga yena ngaphezu kanye, hayi kabini, ingekuko ezintathu, wacinga Sadko waya Ilmen echibini, wahlala phezu ilitye elimhlophe-olunokutsha, wathinta imitya.

amaza amanzi Vzneslas wambetha ukumkani yolwandle. "Play Nice, Sadko ukubulela indlela Al ubuncwane igolide Hamba-ka wena ku Novograd kwaye betha i mortgage enkulu ukubeka golovushku enogonyamelo nxamnye yimveliso umthengisi ezibomvu, isabelo eqolo Ewe uthini?! .. Ingaba, e Ilmen Lake intlanzi negolide njengodaka. mortgage igalelo, kufika elunxwemeni ngesilika Seine. ndiza kuninika iintsiba ezintathu neentlanzi-ngegolide. "

Novohradské abarhwebi yalahlekelwa zonke iimpahla zabo obomvu Guslar Sadko, waba potorgovyvat nokufumana inzuzo enkulu. Abarhwebi abazizityebi, kodwa wabuyela babuphanga ebomvu. Waza waqalisa ukuphila elitsha imfuyo yabo. Nendlela Sadko uqubha phesheya kolwandle kodwa weza umfazi wakhe - lelinye ibali ... "

Knights iVolga and Mikula Selyaninovich

Phakathi imifanekiso Russian eyindumasi wafumana amaqhawe onke amandla ukuxoxa nevidanoy, yaye ngelo xesha linye siphila kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, angqinelane amandla abo liyana.

Epic "iVolga and Mikula" - omangalisayo umzekelo intsomi ngemisebenzi, nto leyo ebonisa indlela amaqhawe Russian eyindumasi bayamanyana ukulwa kuhlukunyezwa eRashiya. Ngelo xesha iinkathazo sama eRashiya unbelted, yonke imiba iye yasonjululwa kuphela ngenxa ukunyotywa. Ukususela izenzo ekhubazekile "inkonzo karhulumente" wehlelwa Umlimi elula Mikula Selyaninovich ngale kwaye ixelela lo amaqhawe "iVolga kunye Mikula".

"... Yena yashukumisa iinkwenkwezi ebusuku esibhakabhakeni, yaye kusasa wazalelwa eRashiya, unina lobugorha oselula iVolga Vseslav'evich. Baby walala iyure soluliwe baziqhawula zonke ukucupha, ibhanti yegolide. Wathi ke iVolga kunina: "Mama, umama, ukuba swaddle kum, wafaka iintonga yentsimbi, nezigcina-ntloko ngesandla ngoko ukunika stopudovo club". Umama ndoyika, iVolga uyakhula yi ephala nemizuzu, ukwandisa ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kunye nokufunda. Kwiminyaka emithandathu wajika, baya kuba ngumoya; umhlaba wanyikima. Animals bazimela, iintaka zimke, iVolga kwaye zonke iintlobo kumnandi ukuba zizakhele: ukhetshe fly esibhakabhakeni, ixhama izakuxhumela khona, uze grey ingcuka. Yintoni umdlali eye unkqonkqozile eyi-15 ubudala ngoko, kwaye wenze imisebenzi elungileyo. Kwaye akukho - ukuba ibali eyahlukileyo ... "

Mikula Selyaninovich

"... Ekuqaleni ilanga ekuphumeni iVolga nabantu bakhe irhafu isixeko eziqokelelweyo, udlule, mhlawumbi kwemayile, bakuliva - ulima umntu osenyongweni, ikhuba ematyeni atsho kabukhali. Makhe siye ulima, kwaye ayikwazi ukuba kufikelelwe, ngokuhlwa ekufikelelwa, yafika ngosuku olulandelayo, weva nje ikhuba strike ploughshare kabukhali yes Umlimi neempempe. Bafika ngomhla wesithathu, ukutshona kwelanga. Wehla iVolga, afumanane waqubuda esinqeni: "Molweni, umntu wam olungileyo, kwi rabotnichek!" "Yiba enesidima, iVolga Vseslavovich! Apho indlela yakhe?"

Long okanye, bethetha ngokufutshane malunga koko, ngale nto, kodwa ehamba ecaleni nabaphangi emendweni zokoyikisa. Hundred Iidolophu yes a iilali amawaka kukhululwa, kwaye afumanane - Mikula Selyaninovich, iqhawe Russian. Babe ngabahlobo iVolga, ibe intle loo nto yaba imini nakoomoya abakhohlakeleyo, kundenza yacocwa. Kwaye itheko wayekunye nabo iitafile oki ehlathini yes - oku uxelele omnye amaqhawe ... "

Iikulya Muromets kunye Nightingale i inkunzi

Uninzi imisebenzi Russian incwadi yeqhawe, ngelixa ngaphezu kwabo ngamandla, kwaye udumo lwabo olukhulayo ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Ubuciko zibandakanya e iikharityhulamu zesikolo, uphando lwenziwa phezu kwabo. Bylina "Nightingale i inkunzi kunye iikulya Muromets" nje imveliso enjalo.

"... Nightingale uhlala phezu ufumile oki umphangi Odihmantev nonyana. Loo hi yi ecula kunye ukukhala kwesilwanyana. Nokuba amakhwelo, okanye egqumayo ezivela iimbovane utyani babulawa, iintyatyambo Azure ivuthu-, iinkuni mnyama emhlabeni, abayithobanga, yaye ngubani na ebantwini - bonke ubuxoki kwabafileyo. babulawa indlela angamakhulu amahlanu oziikhilomitha Pryamoezzhey zonke, kunye ezdom ekhonkcwe kwisiqu - amawaka nganye.

Dlula apha Cossack kulya Muromets, uthatha isaphetha, uqhuba, tetivochku Shelkov banduluka, uphosa utolo-shushu. Wadubula okuthile kwi-oki ekrwada Nightingale i inkunzi. Ewe iliso kunye yeni, amngenisa emhlabeni, ebotshelelwe sistapes kodwa wathatha endle ezidlulileyo yentaka ukuze umlonji ... "