"Imiphefumlo Abafileyo": ingxelo kwi kwimveliso. "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" yi UNikolai Gogol

Omnye iincwadi ezinkulu N. V. Gogol wabhala - ngu "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Izimvo ezininzi ababephila UNikolai, abo ababemazi ngokusondeleyo, bathi umbhali ayikho yimvakalelo self-ngokubaluleka. Yena ubona yena njengomntu ekuthiwa ukuba unobangela ethile enkulu.

Umthamo yokuqala yemibongo, kunye nekopi

Yaba le ncwadi yaye yaba negalelo lakhe elikhulu kwimbali uncwadi. umsebenzi Gogol phezu waqala iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo elikhulu elinamanci mathathu, nje emva kokuba impumelelo kweenoveli zakhe. Eli lixesha sothethathethano olunzulu kunye umbhali Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, lowo wacebisa licebo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo".

UNikolai waba imvume ukuhluza ukuba upapasho umqulu yokuqala yesibini-amane ngonyaka kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngaphandle kobunzima. Ezinye kwenziwa izilungiso okubhaliweyo ukongeza ukuthanda yombhali. Changed isihloko lo mbongo. Noko ke, le ncwadi kodwa waya umfundi.

It yapapashwa yoshicilelo venkile ye-University eMoscow. Umbhali undibizile ethi "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo, okanye The Adventures of Chichikov". Oku kwanika ezinye iimpawu imveliso adventure inoveli. Gogol wakwazi nokuba eze inkangeleko yenu.

Ithala uphando waqhubeka Pisarskaya ikopi, nto leyo wesandla ka UNikolai, nto leyo engqina ukuchana umbhalo eqinisekisiweyo. Kwaye ke republication nayiphi na imveliso kufanekiswa kunye umzekelo egcinwe ezindongeni University eMoscow.

Imveliso "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Ukuphonononga kunye uhlobo owayephila

Ekubeni le ncwadi yapapashwa phantsi kwesihloko "The Adventures of Chichikov, okanye Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", ngandlela ezininzi ngokungathi yaba ngathi adventure, inoveli ukukhanya ukuba umfundi lingakulungele into ephakamileyo. Oko yaba censors nabo bagqiba ukutshintsha isihloko.

A abaphandi mihla zoncwadi ukufunda umsebenzi "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" (izijonge kwakhona Injongo kakhulu ngaphezu ngokoluvo abahleli, abahlala kweli xesha Gogol), okokuqala zonke bonisa ukuba imveliso isiqu kunokuba engaqhelekanga - umbongo. Umfundi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, eqhele ukuba olu hlobo kufuneka ibhalwe kumongo ezifana "yiDemon" okanye "mbanjwa eCaucasus". Kwaye UNikolai inikeza iprozi yayo. Kanye njengokuba Alexander ngaphambili ngaphandle indalo yayo akukho unique ngaphantsi kwe "Eugene Onegin", oko kuyinto inoveli, kodwa vesi. Ezi imisebenzi ezimbini ezikhethekileyo banezimvo zabo, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni awuyithandi i uhlobo.

Ke kaloku, kwakukho imibongo amandulo, iilebhile incwadi yakhe olu hlobo loncwadi, Gogol swi imifuziselo zakudala. Engqondweni yakhe kwakukho elikhulu-isikali, isicwangciso wonke umsebenzi omkhulu apho iqulunqwe imiqulu emithathu.

uyilo kunye neengxaki zabalinganiswa yobomi bemihla ngemihla Isikali

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uqhelene ezininzi lo msebenzi esibalaseleyo wabhala N. V. Gogol. "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" - a kunokuba esibalulekileyo, indalo zesihobe apho umbhali wazama ukucula lonke Russia kunye ubungangamsha umoya wesizwe. Kodwa uninzi bonke usindwa abafundi ukungangqinelani izinto ezimbini: kwelinye icala - enkulu-isikali ububanzi bomsebenzi, yaye kwelinye - ezinye iziganeko kuphela domestic ubomi wesimanje Russian.

Omnye komnye ngokungathi akaphenduli. Nkqu ekuqaleni umbongo ubeka ukujijwa mfiliba kwaye ephazamisayo xa sebali exubusha ezinye iinkcukacha ezincinane kwi emnyango emzini ncwadi umlinganiswa.

Intsingiselo igama lemveliso

Yintoni oxhasa itayitile yencwadi, leyo wadalwa yi Gogol ( "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo")? Ngapha koko, le Umphefumlo awukwazi kuba ufile, yena engafiyo. Le isihloko uthwala nto imangalisayo. Kodwa ke kubaluleke kakhulu omnye ukuya UNikolai Isizathu - yinto intengiso komphefumlo. Kulo mzekelo, xa kukho unxulumano usebenziswano ziidemon.

Silingo, ububi kunye yeedemon ebomini - ekhoyo kwiziganeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Utsho umbhali efuna ukugxininisa ku- "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" wakhe, umxholo apho xa uqala akuthethi ukuqwalasela umfundi kwengcinga kakhulu. Ukuze siqonde injongo yombhali, kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhelane indlela yakhe yokuloba.

Inkqubo nkulu okanye ungenelelo ngumtyholi

Gogol uhlobo satirical kwembaliso kwi "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" ke embambile ngokukhawuleza kwaye bomhla kunye nenzala. Kodwa mna UNikolai ikakhulu ngumbhali eyimfihlakalo. Ngokuba kuye, kubaluleke ngaphezu koko kwenzekayo kwicala engalunganga yobomi.

Chichikov, ngokuqinisekileyo ke uMtyholi. Umntu othenga umphefumlo. Kwaye, umzekelo, abanini kwi "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", kuba yena unezinwe saa kuyo yonke le ncwadi, kukho abalinganiswa zokuqhubela wesihogo. Okanye "jug imagi" - ibinzana amagosa ndihlekwa kwekhulu. Khaxa ngokucacileyo nomfanekiso wesihogo empumlweni.

Loo nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Gogol akazange nje agxeke ezingqondweni zongxowankulu eRashiya, yena ugxininisa into yokuba nkqubo - oku kuphazamise ngqo kubomi esihogweni babantu. Yaye imifanekiso "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" - isiqinisekiso ngqo.

Intengiso imiphefumlo abafileyo

Zonke iziganeko ezenzeka kulo msebenzi, ngokungathi phantsi umthetho. Oko kukuthi, de akuzange kwenzeke ubalo olutsha yabantu serf, akukho bani owaziyo aba bantu into abafileyo. Ngoko, ke ngokupheleleyo ezifunyenwe bahlala ngokusemthethweni.

Nangona unya ezi nkqubo, zenziwe lonke ixesha. Yaye abantu badlula ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya komnye, njengoko izinto. Le ke yile nto ndifuna ukugxininisa Gogol. "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" - umsebenzi ayikho ngaphandle kwesizathu ugxeka nje ukungalingani kwabantu, kodwa isakhiwo ngokwayo abangafezekanga, ngelo xesha eRashiya.

Ukungabikho ekuqiqeni, nokuba ihlabathi phantasmagoric

ezingangqinelaniyo eziliqela kungadala ukungabikho ekuqiqeni kwiziganeko. Ukususela kwiphepha lokuqala umfundi egxile kwezinye kwihlabathi phantasmagoric apho sele akucaci nokuba kukho imithetho ekuqiqeni, inyaniso, okanye akunjalo Russia, kunye komthunzi walo. Abanye, indawo bakwelona otherworldly apho bonke liyabonakala ukanti umva. Ngoko ke ufumana isiqinisekiso kuyilo grand ukuba bazise indalo yakhe, NV Gogol. "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" baba iqulunqwe imiqulu emithathu, yaye ngamnye kubo kubonisa igunya elithile: Esihogweni, miphefumlo Paradise. Ke umqulu wokuqala - oku hellish, otherworldly, purl icala Russian.

Characters imveliso okungaqhelekanga

Kwaye umbuzo uvela ngoko nangoko wokuba: "Luhlobo olunjani lwabantu abahlala kwelo hlabathi?" Phendula kuye kakhulu kunzima. Uninzi abalinganiswa umsebenzi ngokubanzi musa ukuba amagama, abanye, kodwa bona bethetha, siza umfundi ukuba comedy.

Gogol i gallery iintlobo zabantu. Ngamnye kubo imela naluphi uphawu uphawu yabantu. Umzekelo, Manilow - ukuphupha, emathatheni - a rollicking, ekwizibanzi ungenangqiqo, Plyushkin - ukunyoluka. Kodwa kulendawo ku "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" zibonisa ikakhulu iimpawu ophansi anokufumaneka eluntwini.

Ubukho ngobomi yabalinganiswa isebenza

Gogol Kuxhomekeka ukuba kukho ngobomi hero okanye hayi. Ukususela oku, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kwaye oko kuxhomekeke ukuba iimpawu zayo. "Abafileyo Imiphefumlo" kukho inani elikhulu labasebenzi, kodwa ngalinye prehistory yayo.

Manilow Malunga umbhali uthi sele utshatile malunga neminyaka esibhozo. Malunga Sobakevich kancinane ngakumbi, kodwa Chichikov noEliya uxoxwa ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu. Hayi nje ukuba into ngoku, kodwa malunga ezidlulileyo, okanye iminyaka ebuntwaneni. Bawa ngezantsi namanye amaqhawe wemveliso, kodwa kwintanda-bulumko UNikolai Vasilyevich leyo ethetha ukuba anokukwazi zisindiswe, kufuneka ubunzulu. Yile kunye nesiqinisekiso ngobomi kwazo emsebenzini.

Ukuba uthatha abo bafundi abo baqala wayeqhelene umsebenzi "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", i-ncomo kunye nezimvo uyavuma ukuba ubuntu Chichikov yeyona kunazo zonke. Nokuba wamazwe entle, okanye isimntwiso lokulingwa wesihogo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kunzima kakhulu ukutsho.

Kuphambuko kuso kwi kwendalo Gogol

langoku ngokwaneleyo Okubalulekileyo kwincwadi UNikolai lwesihloko ombambazelayo, unyango ngqo umbalisi ukuya umfundi. Ke kaloku omnye kakhulu okuphawuleka nje ekupheleni umqulu wokuqala "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo".

Apha izandi umbuzo yayingeyiyo Gogol esithi: "! Russia, ngaba ukuthwala apho" Kodwa impendulo kule Amazwi qha. Kwaye kwathi cwaka i ngentambo elikhulu kakhulu kwimveliso ekupheleni. indlela Further Russia Akukwazi. Yaye njani kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela ukuba kwilizwe apho kukho isihogo kwaye amalungisa, i-real kunye kungummangaliso zodonga munye.

Lo msebenzi wenza ngeempendulo kakhulu ziphikisana ngenxa eRashiya ngelo xesha sele wakuva imfuneko yeenguqulelo, ukupheliswa serfdom kunye isohlwayo sokubetha. Wathi UNikolai Wathi kakhulu malunga imfuneko yemfundo yokuziphatha kuzo zonke njengelungu lombutho woluntu.