Imithetho yabo ukutyhilwa kwalo. Apostolic Canon 25

Yintoni na imithetho yabapostile? Le ilitye lesikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo ezinikelwa ngumthetho wolawulo Church jikelele. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, i "Imithetho zabapostile oyiNgcwele," ebhalwe ngumbhali ezingaziwayo. Noko ke, yamaRoma Katolika, Orthodox kunye iicawa ezininzi zamaProtestanti ayaqonda ukuba eli gunya papa xwebhu.

Ngokubanzi imithetho labapostile, kwakunye 'Teaching Labapostile LabaLishumi, "igqalwa enye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo iinkulungwane zokuqala zeCawa. Bacebise ukuba imigaqo zobomi ibandla ukuba sisebenzise ngoku, sibuyele emva okufanayo ukuya kwinkulungwane yokuqala yayo (yingcwele waza wakhokelela polukatakombny yokuphila). Ngendlela, ezinye Society zamaProstestanti kuba ukungakhathali okanye ikratshi liqwalasele inkqubo ekhoyo yo- mbutho athembeke ezibekwe ngabasemagunyeni okanye lixesha.

Kwakhiwe

Xa abapostile wabeka imithetho? Loo nto inika umdla ukuthandana ayibhalileyo ayaziwa, kodwa abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba wabonakaliswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesibini okanye lesithathu: mhlawumbi kungekudala emva konyaka emithathu-intshutshiso Decius. Mu kuya kwa nshita "Imiyalelo", uxwebhu isasetyenziswa nangoku amabandla Orthodox laseMpuma.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba imithetho yabapostile musa ngokusesikweni andingowawo umzimba, "ilejendi Sacred", kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ilifa igunya eliphezulu ngoko nangoko emva okusisiphumo amaBhunga zeformula.

Ukuvela kunye nokubaluleka eBandleni

Ngoko ke, ulawulo abafundi bakaYesu Kristu lilungu zeemposiso zokuqala ibandla. UbuKristu kuphela wazalwa, yaye sele baba ukuthembeka kakhulu amabali yabapostile sibhalwe. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba I (Nicene) World Cathedral libhekisela uxwebhu njengento ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ngoba kuyacaca ukuba yayingekho eminye imithetho phambi kokuhluma yayo.

Apha, elinomthetho wokuqala lulandelayo ngokucacileyo yabapostile 21th, kwaye eyesibini - 80 umthetho. Antiyokwe Cathedral iminyaka 341 emininzi imithetho yayo isekelwe kumsebenzi yabapostile. Umthetho yesibini leSithandathu Council yeHlabathi iqinisekisa ukunyaniseka la maxwebhu, zithi "imithetho zabapostile 85 Ngoku kufuneka ibe ngqongqo kwaye inviolable."

UbuKristu ngokubanzi babekholelwa ukuba ukubaluleka eyodwa imisebenzi abafundi bakaKristu ayikho kuphela imvelaphi yazo yamandulo nohlonipheke kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ziqulathe phantse bonke kwemimiselo azilungi eziphefumlelweyo. ixabiso sinyuke ngexesha xa sele yongeza kwaye ziphuhliswe Local kunye namaBhunga Ecumenical kunye Abaseki beCawa.

izibambiso umongo

Yiyiphi imithetho kuxelela abapostile?

• On ordination: Bishop ezimbini okanye nabaveleli ezintathu (1), kunye Deacon uMbingeleli okanye - omnye Bishop (2).
• On ukulahlwa elikwinqanaba; kuba izinto zangaphandle phezu kwesibingelelo (3) umfazi ukugxothwa (5), walala care (6), kuba ukulahlwa eze wobudlelane (8), ukuze kufezwe imithandazo ngabaqhekeki (11, 45), olukhohlisayo, uhenyuzile kunye nokubiwa (25), ukuxhatshazwa emzimbeni (27, 66), kuba nokufunyanwa amandla ngabalawuli behlabathi (30), kuba inzaliseko ngomthendeleko ngaphandle kolwazi yosisi (35), ukungcakaza kunye notywala (42), kunye ukwalela kaKristu (62) ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimibhiyozo kumaYuda (70).
• Le amsongele of beNkosi; ngokuba zokurhoxiswa mveku kwinkonzo (9), ukuze kufezwe lomthandazo nabawexuki (10).
• Ukukhonza vala: abayijikayo (21) kunye bigamist (17), iimfama kunye nezithulu (78), zomkhosi (83), ndahlukaniswe naye kwinkonzo (32).
• uluhlu inkalo iincwadi zeBhayibhile (85), nto leyo ibandakanya iTestamente eNdala iincwadi 42 no-28 (okanye 36, xa siqwalasela abo ukupapasha) iincwadi zeTestamente eNtsha ngaphandle Apocalypse.

isimo ezakha

Papa imithetho utoliko ziyafumaneka ukulungiselela isifundo lomntu ngamnye. Second Rule Trullan liBhunga imisebenzi abapostile kwindawo yokuqala phakathi umba eziphefumlelweyo: luphawula amaxwebhu abafundi bakaKristu. Kwakhona, bayalibona kwiCawa Orthodox laseMpuma. Kodwa ke Church of amaRoma iyavumelana negunya eziphefumlelweyo kuphela omahlanu yokuqala imithetho.

Ulawulo Inani elifanayo 2 awalungise 85th Apostolic Canon, nto leyo ichaza ikhathalogu yeencwadi eZibhalweni Ezingcwele kunye nemisebenzi eziphefumlelweyo. Isusa kubo iincwadi uClement, ngaphandle etsala ukugxekwa engqongqo ngenxa zokonga nobunyaniso welivo zabapostile.

umthetho 25

Ngoko ke, cinga 25 Apostolic Canon. Ithi ukuba ubhishophu, okanye idikoni okanye presbyter lokuxoka phantsi kwesifungo, okanye ukuziphatha okubi, okanye ubusela oblichonny uya kuhluthwa abakuluhlu engcwele. Kodwa ukuba ukunxibelelana ibandla ayikwazi ongacimekiyo. Kuba ngokubhala kubhaliwe kabini omanyeneyo akukho otmstishi (Nahum 1: 9). Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo i Ponomarev wathi.

Vuma, 25 ulawulo yabapostile umdla kakhulu umxholo wayo. Ngokubanzi, nantoni na iphazamisane ekungeneni umntu othile ukuze ububingeleli, Kambe ke, kufuneka na, ndiwuhlutha nje naye isidima. Ziziphi iinkalo kufuneka umntu zokomoya, sonke siyazi. Ngokufanayo, ayazi iimpazamo abangakwaziyo babe ngababingeleli. Zeziphi iqhuba ngaphezulu bobubi iveza? Kwindawo yokuqala kukho abo okwaziwayo igama elungileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ababingeleli.

Yaye yintoni ezingeloncedo kuluhlu lwabantu abaziwa ngokungahlawuli isidima abefundisi? Kuba abo enganyamezelaniyo, yaye amarhamente; zizisulu phantsi kalukhuni emthethweni wabo sazela. Lo mthetho papa ithetha yezikreqo ezithathu, apho abantu abanaso na unokuwela umntu ngokomoya - ubusela, umbulo, nokuba kukodwa. Ezi kunye nezinye amadlala, nto leyo enokwenza umbingeleli okhankanywe neminye imithetho ezininzi malunga uxoxwa ukutolika zabo. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ukuba umntu ngokomoya weyela ezi izono, akandifanele ububingeleli.

Ngoko ke lo mthetho kukuba ngababingeleli nabefundisi, wagwetyelwa nomthetho zikhankanywe, kufuneka ndayihluthwa indawo leyo abaye ezifunyenwe cheirothesia kunye nolungelelwaniso. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo imeko ithi akukho mfuneko ke ukuba ikhutshwe wobudlelane neCawa. It ufaneleke amazwi alo myalelo iSibhalo oyiNgcwele (Naum.1: 9).

Ekutolikeni imithetho yesihlanu yabapostile ichaza izohlwayo ezahlukeneyo ebekwe nababingeleli ngenxa yezono ezenziwa ngabo. Kwaye kukho baphathwa dubulo kunye amsongele - ezi zithathwa isohlwayo ezinzulu. Kuba abefundisi babeqhelisela ukujaduka kububingeleli, nangenxa yabantu abaqhelekileyo - bakhutshelwa ngaphandle ngamadlelane iCawa.

Hi ndlela leyi, imithetho yabapostile ukuba amakholwa Kufuneka ibekwe ngendlela efanayo kuba abefundisi: kwiimfundiso, iintetho nge iincwadi.

Zilunyulwe, osixelela kungumthetho yesihlanu, akukho mfuneko yokuba ithathwe sisohlwayo abefundisi. Kufuneka kuthathwa isohlwayo ngenxa amarhamente, kungenjalo lo mgaqo izindululo ube intsingiselo. Lo mthetho kuyimfuneko kuthetha ukuba umbingeleli eyaziwa ngokuba gaffes unfrock kwaye iba engumshumayeli unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba umthendeleko ecclesial. Kwaye kuphela kamva, ukuba enze loo mthetho njenge engeyeyakuni, yena akhutshwe iminxeba ecaweni.

Hi ndlela leyi, kuqhambuko umbingeleli isohlwayo bumandundu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, isigama yesisa umKristu ofuna ukongeza kule isohlwayo esinye? Oko kukuthi, ndiwuhlutha nje umenzi wobubi unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso elithembekileyo? Noko ke, lo mthetho inkululeko kuphela kwabo njengomoni, okhankanywe kuphela kweli xwebhu. Enyanisweni, i-29 no-30 ka ulawulo ekhankanywe kunye nezinye izono apho abenzi bathwele isohlwayo kabini - amsongele kunye mlilo. Umzekelo, ukuba ethengisela, okanye ngokufumana isidima Episcopal kunye ngoncedo namagunya aseburhulumenteni.

Ngokubanzi imithetho papa ukutolika ezi ukufunda umdla kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokwenkcazelo, Grigoriya Nisskogo, nto leyo abakhankanywe ulawulo yesine, ngokuhenyuza ebizwa ukukhubekisa abanye lokwaneliseka uburheletyo nomntu. Oku kulandela ukuba yorhwaphilizo ukwenza ukuba umntu akazalani ngomtshato, yaye akukho namnye ngumthetho. Ngoko ke, lo mpazamo akubangeli ityala ukuba umntu wesithathu, oko kukuthi umyeni okanye inkosikazi. Ngokutsho ezincinane yokuhenyuza nokukrexeza yahlukile kwezinye loo mntu ebangela umonakalo yaye enyeliswa kuye.

Enyanisweni, ukukrexeza kuthiwa ubudlelwane ngokwesini kunye umfazi wenye indoda okanye nendoda yomnye umntu. Imigaqo Vasiliya Velikogo (38, 40, 42) umbulo ngaphezu ngokubanzi: eli gama libhekisela yonke imitshato, nxamnye ukuthanda amabanjwa eziphezulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imithetho yabapostile womtshato usixelela izinto ezininzi ezinomdla. Kakade ke, uhenyuzo ingqalelo ngaphantsi isono ngaphezu uyakrexeza. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho efanayo Grigoriya Nisskogo kulawulo wathi, ukukrexeza i ulwaneliseko mthetho uburheletyo. Nokukrexeza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iquka omnye sisithuko, yaye ngaloo ndlela kakhulu ngakumbi. Kulahlwa ubufebe ababingeleli ichazwe apha zisekelwe iSibhalo (1 Tim 3 :. 2,3; Tit 1: 6).

Lo mthetho yesibini ngecala lo mgaqo ukungathobeli lo isifungo. Ngoko ke, Umbingeleli xa kuwuhlambela isifungo othile wenza nawuphi na umba obalulekileyo egameni likaThixo, kokukhona mthetho kukuba ukuqinisekisa enkundleni. Ukuba ijaji uya kufumanisa ukuba yintoni ngokwenene waphuka isifungo, ukuba isono kuya kuba nzima yaye lolwaphulo ngaphezu ufunge lazisiwe oku, yaye yintoni ke ityala ebaluleke ngakumbi elayinikwayo, and vice versa (kuwe. Olwenziwe. 82 pr.). Esi sono okukhulu kakhulu, yaye phakathi kwamanye amakholwa. Ngoku abaninzi baqonde ubungqongqo yalo mthetho ngokunxulumene umbingeleli kwityala elifanayo. Ngapha koko, ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuza kusebenza isilingo ngenxa abathembekileyo, liseleyo ukuba sikhonze inyaniso, kwangaxeshanye ukuzika esonweni.

Lo mthetho ukuthini ngokweba ekuthatheni imfihlelo impahla yomnye umntu. Ukuba umntu iye yabela into, nto leyo yipropathi Church, sokubiwa onjalo ibhekisa uhlobo oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye bohlwaywa ngokwahlukileyo (Up 72 ;. Dvukr 10 ;. Gregory NIS 6.8.).

umthetho 51

Apostolic Canon th 51 isixelela oku kulandelayo: ukuba kukho idikoni okanye ubhishophu, okanye presbyter, nokuba ngumbingeleli, isusa ukusuka iwayini, inyama okanye umtshato ezifunekayo kweso sikhundla, kodwa ngenxa izinyeliso, oko kuza kwenzeka ntoni kuye? Ngapha koko, umntu ulibele ukuba yonke into elihle kakhulu kunene! Ukuba uYehova wadala umntu, wadala indoda nomfazi ehlukanisiwe! Enyanisweni, oko Omhlebayo indalo kaThixo! Olu xwebhu lithi umbingeleli umele nokuba mazilungiswe okanye uya kuhluthwa abakuluhlu esingcwele akhutshwe eCaweni. Isohlwayo esifanayo zibonelelwe olutheni.

Eneneni, ndlwana bekusoloko nokubonwa zokuzila nkqu kucetyiswa kuyo ngeemini leNzila. Kodwa lo mthetho sibhekiswe esikhova amandulo aziphephe iintlobo ezithile zokutya, newayini okanye inyama, ekubeni babe yinto engcolileyo, yaye bazitshitshisela komtshato.

umthetho 42

Apostolic Canon 42 th ithi xa presbyter, umdikoni okanye ubhishophu sinyanisekile umdlalo, okanye ukusela, makabe makasuswe ukuze zipheliswe. Nokutolika olu xwebhu efanayo ukutyhilwa womda 43 ocacisa ukuba umfundi, imvumi okanye sub-umdikoni uya kunyuka koko, oko kuya ecaweni. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo yabo.

Yaye 42, kunye 43 Umthetho uthi into enye, ezizezi kokuvalwa imidlalo kunye nokunxila. Umthetho uthi xa umntu ethe yanikezelwa isono sim card, ukunyamezela, yaye emva kokufumana icebiso lwabadala, kufuneka anqunyulwe ububingeleli babo, ukuba babe ngababingeleli. Ukuba liliso kuvumela elula nakubefundisi, kufuneka babe bahlukile yobudlelane engcwele. Ngokubanzi, ababingeleli ngokuqhelekileyo pre-ndayihluthwa ubomi, ahlala etempileni. Ecaweni kuzo evela uMthendeleko Ongcwele kuphela emva kokuba ayeke ukuba lilo abafundi, subdeacons okanye neemvumi.

Phantsi umdlalo okhankanywe kolu xwebhu ukuze ziqondwe zonke iintlobo zokungcakaza (umzekelo, amakhadi), apho umntu efuna ukuya rob neqabane njengoko imali kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abanye abadlali umjojo yabo kwintshabalalo okanye imali yabo okanye imali kusapho wabo. Olu hlobo zobusela, kuba apho abafundi ulawulo 25-th kaKristu ikhuthaza kuqhambuko ubawo yokomoya, wagwetyelwa kuyo. 42 ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna nje dubulo ngamnye ekuthanda nokungcakaza.

umthetho 45

Apostolic Canon 45 Uyatsho ukuba presbyter, umdikoni okanye ubhishophu uthandaza kuphela nabawexuki, makasingelwe ecaweni. Ukuba siyakuvumela ukuba wenze njengabalungiseleli ibandla, makabe makasuswe.

Elinomthetho wokuqala St. Vasiliy Veliky uthi ngemihla yamandulo abantu ngokuba ngabaqhekeki, oko ottorgshihsya evela kwiCawa Orthodox. Ngokutsho definition wakhe, qhekeko i umahluko ezicaceleyo kanye ukholo kuThixo. umthetho Weshumi yabapostile uyakwalela ukuthandaza kunye ecaweni ngenxa nasiphi na isono enzima. IBandla abantu basoloko ezahlulwe ukungalifaki iimfundiso iimbono zazo, kwaye bamchasayo.

Ngoko ke, umfundisi okanye ubhishophu wenza umthandazo kunye nabawexuki, ecaweni phantsi: amaqela ezinjalo abavumelekanga imikhosi yenkolo. Noko ke, isohlwayo kunawo - yi-dubulo, oko kukuthi osikiweyo, ukuze unokohlwaywa umfundisi okanye ubhishophu ngubani wavumela ngabaqhekeki ukuya amiswa zeCawa izicaka zayo.

Umzekelo yanamhlanje kukophula we migaqo Kwingcingane lamaKatolika, nokuba ngumbingeleli, lamaProtestanti ukwenza kumtshato amarhamente akhe endaweni yakhe. Ezinye ababingeleli kuvunyelwa ukuba bathathe wobudlelane amarhamente ukusuka confessor heterodox: Izenzo ezinjalo zohlwaywe. Le ezincinane ke zincediswe imithetho 45 kulandelwa liyeza 46.

umthetho 64

Yintoni othi 64 ulawulo yabapostile? Olu xwebhu ilumkisa ngelithi ukuba umntu evela abefundisi ubona ukudla ngosuku olunye ngoMgqibelo (ngoMgqibelo oyiNgcwele akujongwa), makabe makasuswe. Ukuba ongenalwazi ezibanjiswa kwimeko enjalo, kuya kuqhutywa.

Ngokubanzi, izinga ngesisombululo lokuzila ngeeCawa nangemiGqibelo kuchaziwe yedolophu ecaweni. Ngeli xesha, ukuba usele iwayini, amafutha omnquma, kunye nokutya emva ezinkonzweni, ngaphandle siqhubeke isithuba ukuya kuma-iikota ezintathu ngemini.

umthetho 69

A 69 umthetho wabapostile ithi ukuba presbyter, okanye ubhishophu, okanye umfundi, okanye imvumi, okanye sub-umdikoni, angayigcini uzilile kwi leNzila phambi Ista, okanye ngoLwesithathu, okanye izithende: makabe makasuswe. Kodwa ukuba engumshumayeli kuvumela gaffe enjalo, makasingelwe ecaweni. Ukuba alahle post yakhe, kule meko kunokuba kuphela umntu ukugula ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ngokubanzi, umthetho ukhuthaza abathembekileyo ukuba ukudla ngexesha leNzila, ngoLwesithathu nooLwezihlanu. Ixesha elisikiweyo lokuzila isekelwe eZibhalweni Ezingcwele. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uYehova ngokwakhe baqalisa ukwenza isithuba ngakumbi ecaweni kwiTestamente eNdala.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ufake ukuba, ngokutsho Chrysostom kunye Vasiliya Velikogo, uThixo wadala isithuba nkqu eParadisi. Kungelo xesha wabalela abantu ukuba adle kwisiqhamo esalelweyo.