Imisebenzi ribosomes kunye nezinye organelles cell

Yokuhlala njengoko inkqubo edibeneyo

Live iseli eukaryotic ngendlela ekhethekile inkqubo obulugelelanisiweyo, impefumlelwano amacandelo enika umsebenzi zeselula njengoko iyunithi ezifunekayo. Awona macandelo eziphambili ziquka cytolemma kukho icytoplasm kunye isiqalo, kodwa iiseli ezongezelelweyo abaninzi organelles - izakhiwo ezizodwa ichithwe xa kukho icytoplasm kwaye inxaxheba nethe iiseli namandla. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi ribosomes e leeprothini yokuqaphela, mitochondria ukuvelisa iikhompawundi amandla, microtubules zidlala indima skeleton yeselula nokubonelela izithuthi intracellular, kwaye reticulum endoplasmic kunye Golgi complex - i "izikhululo 'ephambili ukutya. Kulo mzekelo, bonke abasabela kwenzeka kukho icytoplasm, leyo siyahamba rhoqo.

organelles Membranous kunye nemisebenzi yazo

umsebenzi wayo ikhutshwa phandle phezu EPR ribosome, leyo bathuthwayo ngokusebenzisa pores ye inwebu yenyukliya ngoko nangoko emva ukubunjwa. EPR lo organelle inwebu, kuqulethe ezininzi iityhubhu kunye iipokotho, omnye komnye nokuthetha kunye mithambo le ndizayo ngumongo. Esiseleni, kukho iinxalenye ezimbini le reticulum endoplasmic, ezahlukeneyo kuzo zombini isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi, anencasa rough. Eyokuqala kubo uphethe ribosome, isakhiwo kunye umsebenzi ezibekwe ngxi ephumayo ukusuka ngumongo, le ribosomes yesibini abangekhoyo, kwaye bathatha inxaxheba Yindibanisela lipids kunye steroid iiseli, iivenkile calcium intracellular, dephosphorylates iswekile-6-phosphate esibindini. Kodwa zombini iindidi EPR na izakhiwo impermanent kwaye kuxhomekeke kutshintsho rhoqo, kwakunye i Golgi ezintsonkothileyo. Iyafana kubume kwi EPR kwaye iqulathe amaqela lamatanki, kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukuba ukugqibezela ziiprotein zaseprayimari kuhlelwe phezu Rer, ukuyilwa lysosomes, nokwanda kwezinto secretory kunye nezithuthi zabo weseli.

organelles non-ndizayo

Esiseleni, kukwakho organelles non-inwebu: cytoskeleton, centrioles kwenza izinto replacement (lipids, polysaccharides, izinto eziphila esebenzayo okanye zombala) kunye ribosome. Imisebenzi ngamnye kubo zilawulwa yi indlela umva le oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lo ukutya: kufakwa kuvela kwiseli kuphela xa kuyondelelaniswe agqithisileyo, centrioles ukuba luphindwe xa ususa iiseli ukuba zahlule, kunye microtubules ke eyandisa umsebenzi wabo kwisigaba lokuvula amajelo zothutho kunye chemotaxis ku ziiphagocytes . umsebenzi Ribosome ekwiseli kwabantu rhoqo kwaye hayi eyahluke kakhulu kuleyo kwi iseli yezityalo. Ziqulethe ion, ezinye biopolymers kunye RNA yinto enye ziqokelelwe subunits ezimbini - 30 kunye 50 (ngesantya neentlenge Svedberg), eyenza oko, 80S ribosome. Le yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu evumela umntu ukwahlula ribosome yi ribosomes iintsholongwane ukuba 70s isakhiwo, njengoko unyango kwezifo ababelwe antibiotics ekwaziyo ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuvala umsebenzi 70s ribosomal emane, ngaloo ndlela ziyibuyisela protein kudibaniso kwi yeseli bacteria kwaye ziyibuyisela umsebenzi wayo.