Imisebenzi kunye ingqiqo kweenkqubo zokusebenza

Ukusukela ekuqaleni lweekhompyutha uzipase kwithuba elingekho kangaka elide ngemilinganiselo yembali yabantu. Kodwa nantsi indlela yokusebenza ukulawula kubo, wasondela kude phambili. It sinxulumana nkqu nophuhliso Bill Gates ', uceba ukusebenzisa le nkqubo Windows. Enyanisweni, yonke into eyenzekayo kakhulu ngaphambili. Ingcamango yokuba iinkqubo zokusebenza, kufuneka uqale ujonge kwi ukusuka uhambo olufutshane kwimbali nkqubo. Kwaye loo nto bonke. Ngaphezu koko, ingqiqo yabo yokusebenza, ukuhlelwa inkqubo yokusebenza kunye neminye imiqathango ngaphandle abanakukwazi.

Iikhompyutha ekuqaleni kwendalo

Xa siqwalasela iikhompyutha ukususela kwixesha kwazo, indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo hlobo, kwi ngoko emsebenzini wonke. ikhompyutha Old i inkqubo yekhompyutha eqhelekileyo ukuba ingaphatha nayiphi na imisebenzi zezibalo.

I ilula data Isisombululo IO ngelo xesha amakhadi punch kunye iteyiphu yephepha. I wokuqala iiseli ezikhethekileyo engenanto, lo alternation evumela ukuba ufake ulwazi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Lwesibini Ukuveliswa ukubonisa isiphumo zigqithiswe. Ngokwendalo, le ndlela udidekile kakhulu, ngoko phezu yaqala ukuvela iinkqubo automated ukuba aphendule ngokukhawuleza amagalelo kunye neziphumo ixesha.

Entry-level ulwimi lokuprograma

Concept kunye yokusebenza imisebenzi yale nkqubo akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso ngaphandle ubuncinane ulwazi olusisiseko iilwimi kweenkqubo.

Kanye phezu ngexesha elinye ilula ukuqonda nokubhala iinkqubo ingqalelo ulwimi Basic. Indifundise nokuba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ukusebenzisa ukuba babhale iinkqubo, kube yinto enokwenzeka ukudala iigrafiki, udlale umculo (nakuba ngokusebenzisa kuphela zabafaki system) njalo njalo. D. Malunga into esinayo namhlanje, ayikwazanga kuba nokuthetha. Ingcamango nenjongo indlela yokusebenza weza kakhulu kamva.

Inyaniso kukuba iilwimi lisenokuba likumgangatho lokuprograma uyaphuma ukumelana wayinikela kubo IO ukusebenza. Ukuze kulungiswe le mba kufuneka ukuba inokujongwa ngendlela embi kakhulu.

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Njengoko usazi, i elula ulwimi bume lokuprograma, nto leyo ukusebenza nabani na, andizange ndinikezele yonke esinayo okwangoku. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, saqalisa ukuvela iingxowa ulwimi entsonkothileyo kakhulu, nto leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ukanti ukusetyenziswa (i Assembler efanayo okanye Ugcino).

Nangona Assembler iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ke kubhaliweyo, nangona izicelo ezininzi Ungasebenzisa olu lwimi. Kodwa nantsi kukudala epheleleyo inkqubo yokusebenza (okanye, njengoko batshovo ngoku, OS), iilwimi ezifana musa ukungena ekuqaleni. Kungenxa yoko le nto nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kweenkqubo zokusebenza ziye lwalutshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kuye kwacaca ukuba kanye inkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka abe ngonenceba yokuqhagamshelana ikhonkco phakathi ikhompyutha "intsimbi" amacandelo, izicelo kunye nabasebenzisi. Ngoko ke kwabonakala ixesha kuqala inkqubo yolawulo, leyo kuthiwa indlela yokuqala yokusebenza. Liyinyaniso elokuba, baba kude kakhulu namhlanje.

Ukusetyenziswa iinkqubo okuqala Exchange sefowuni

Le nkampani yokuqala ukuqalisa ukusebenzisa nezimaphambili ezingundoqo iinkqubo zokusebenza, yaba inkampani yefowuni American AT & T.

Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba iinjineli ixesha baye bazama iteknoloji zokusebenzisa ifowuni yonxibelelwano phakathi kwababhalisi. Ukuba nabani ukhumbula, kude kuse bhanyabhanya ngaloo minyaka kunokubonwa nabatyalimali ukuqhagamshela kwababhalisele ngokusebenzisa iiplagi ezizodwa ezifakwa kwiseli ethile ehambelana kwinani ifowuni engenayo nephumayo.

Ingcamango kweenkqubo zokusebenza, kulo mzekelo ingacuthwa kuphela automated ngokupheleleyo inkqubo uqhagamshelo lwababhalisi ngaphandle inxaxheba abaqhubi. Kwihlabathi lobuchwepheshe computer ekukholelwa ukuba inkqubo isicelo yi AT & T, ukuba abe ngonenceba kwendlela kweenkqubo mihla UNIX-based (leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, sisebenza abaninzi owuthandayo Linux).

Indlela Kuqalwe: Windows

Yintoni na namhlanje indlela yokusebenza? Ingcinga, imisebenzi esisiseko - konke oku akunakuphepheka ngaphandle ukuqonda oko uhlobo revolution kwihlabathi computer, Microsoft wenze emntwini nenkokeli yalo, koko Bill Gates. Yena waba ngowokuqala ukuba ukuphakamisa indlela emanyeneyo ekuqondeni uqhagamshelwano phakathi becomputing izakhono neekhomyutha kunye umthengi lowo ubukele iziphumo zezenzo zabo phezu esweni.

Ngoko wadalwa inkqubo DOS. Esebenza ngayo, kodwa kuphela esebenzisa imiyalelo wangena ngesandla, kodwa "umntu omdala" Norton wazama ukwenza into esibumbeneyo yonke medium ungalawuleka luphela.

Ke kaloku ingqiqo yokusebenza (OS) ayikho ngaphandle ulwazi imveliso ekhethekileyo ezinjengezo Norton Commander, kuba izicelo ezininzi ezifana abaphathi ifayile wadala oko umfanekiso kunye ngokufana "nokayisemkhulu Norton kaThixo."

Ewe uthathe enje izicelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana Commander Windows okanye Total Commander, nto leyo elilujongano Siboleke iipanele ezimbini enye evela Norton, ngokusebenzisana umsebenzi izitshixo, nto leyo sinesithembiso ngqo, okanye enze ezinye izenzo xa icinezelwe ngaxeshanye Shift okanye Ctrl .

isinxulumanisi senkqubo Object ebomini

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ingqiqo kweenkqubo zokusebenza itshintshile kwakhona. Ukusebenzisa imiyalelo elula kunye interface ezinqinileyo kwakhokelela ekubeni Microsoft liqulunqe ingcamango entsha ngokupheleleyo ukwenzela unxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyutha kunye nabasebenzisi.

Lo Mthetho uYilwayo efanayo Geyts wanika umsebenzisi ujongano lomzobo, emva leyo wayifihla inkqubo ukubulawa okanye ezinye iinkqubo zekhompyutha. Kulo mzekelo, i-Windows yokusebenza, ingqiqo nelunzima kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ulwimi lokuprograma (C + / C ++), akwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo zonke "zekhompyutha" amacandelo iikhompyutha, ehleli ngenxa yokusebenza yazo efanelekileyo esichanekileyo firmware ezizodwa, namhlanje ebizwa abaqhubi. Ngoko ke kwaba Akwenzeki ukuxhulumana ngokupheleleyo nasiphi na isixhobo (nokuba peripheral).

Umzekelo elula inokuba abashicileli efanayo, amakhadi ividiyo, abasusekayo zosasazo , njalo-njalo. D.

Kodwa ke akusoloko. Le nto zecomputer Ezikhululekilyo udale "ibhulorho" ezizodwa ufumana igama iDirectX. Kubavelisi izixhobo ezitsha baqalisa ukuvelisa izixhobo usebenzisa i iPlug & Dlala umgangatho (kwiplagi kwaye adlale). Ngoku kwanele nje ukufakela umqhubi isixhobo, ukuze lusebenza kakuhle kule nkqubo.

Ukususela Windows'98, nabaqhubi izixhobo ziqhelekileyo kwaye ethandwa zaye zabandakanywa kwiphakheji ufakelo ngokwayo ukusebenza kweenkqubo. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba ngoku, kuquka izixhobo mobile ekungalindelekanga ukuba ukufaka abaqhubi ngesandla.

Ingcamango yokuba multi-tasking kwindlela yokusebenza

Abantu abaninzi abasebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha kancinane ningaqondi, into edibene nenkqubo multi-tasking. Ngamagama alula ngayo kunokucaciswa ukusebenza iinkqubo eziliqela ngaxeshanye okanye ithuba lokuba enze eyahlukeneyo imisebenzi, leyo zibonelelwa kule arsenal. Ngenxa yoko, kanye "Operating System" iba sisixhobo esinamandla ukwenza iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo, ukuqhuba iinkqubo zeqela lesithathu ukuba ziqhutywa kolungagqibekanga ungekho, njalo njalo. D.

Iindlela zokusebenza: ingqiqo, yokuhlela

Njengoko kwiinkqubo zokusebenza mihla, kodwa namhlanje ezininzi apho. nowethu ngqo corporation Microsoft - Apple na inkampani silwenza iikhompyutha nezixhobo mobile. Ngokungafaniyo Windows kuba Mac OS X yokusebenza, leyo (Isimanga) ukuba sidalwe ngokomfanekiso kunye imfano "iifestile".

Inye kuphela into kubalulekile ukuphawula kukuba ku mhla lo nguye yokusebenza ikhuselekileyo ehlabathini. Kuba ayikho into iintsholongwane zidalwe, ukuba kule meko nje azisebenzi.

Iindlela zokusebenza zizixhobo eziphathwayo

abavelisi izixhobo mobile nazo Anibashiyanga ngasemva. Ingcamango kunye nomsebenzi indlela yokusebenza kule mbono kufuneka sakhe kuphela yintoni amisiweyo OS umbhekisi phambili sele imali ngokwakhe. Kucacile ukuba smart efanayo okanye tablet akuyi ukuhlangabezana iskrini eziqhelekileyo kunye efanayo kwiqhosha "Qala" njenga kwi Windows (nasemva "asixhenxe", yaye yayekwa).

Kodwa ingqiqo yokusebenza kuphela ukusetyenziswa widgets okanye icons, ngokunqakraza kwi apho ungatsalela umnxeba isicelo esithile, umsebenzi okanye inkqubo.

Avamise kakhulu ngokuphathelele oku kubizwa ngokuba "cacis» uhlobo Android, iOS, Windows Mobile, Blackberry kunye nabanye. Njengoko ubona, nkqu nezihandiba zehlabathi becomputing Ushiye ingcamango ukuba ingqiqo yokusebenza, ukuhlelwa uhlobo ephunyeziweyo (okanye ekhoyo uphumezo) izicelo, njalo njalo. D. ezinjalo

Ngokubanzi, kukho ngoku kwindlela yokusebenza ekwaziyo lokunciphisa ezinye "cacis". Bona musa ukuba ufakelo kwi-hard drive kwaye esebenza kuwo nawuphi zosasazo asuswayo. Ingcamango kweenkqubo zokusebenza, kule meko, akunakubakho ukuhambahamba ngaphandle ukukhankanywa yale ziziveliso ze-software yedwa BeOS. Ukuze ezininzi ayaziwa ke, ngokukhuphela i "cacis" kunye disc okanye drive USB, ungakwazi ukulungisa ezininzi iingxaki kwi Windows efanayo. Xa ugidime, oko bypasses nje Windows boot sector (phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi uhlobo ehambelana oluboniswe xa kulayishwa BIOS).