Ikhaphetshu olumhlophe (Pieris brassicae). amabhabhathane

Butterfly ikhaphetshu olumhlophe kwahlukile ubungakanani enkulu ngokwaneleyo. Iinkunzi 55 mm, amabhinqa akamelwanga lilikhulu kancinci - ukuya ku-60 mm namaphiko. Pieris brassicae L. ithathwa eyingozi yemifuno lwezinambuzane nsimu itshabalalisa izityalo yezityalo ezityaliweyo yentsapho ikhaphetshu kunye nabanye. Zeziphi iindlela ukuba kuliwe ezi zinambuzane? Ekhaya kwezi amabhabhathane, bakhangeleka njani, ukuphuhlisa njani? Kule nezinye ezininzi kamva kweli nqaku.

esizukulwaneni

Ngexesha kushushu, yaye kwimimandla ekumzantsi liphuhlisa, njengoko umthetho, kwizizukulwana ezithathu, emantla - ezimbini. Eyokuqala iza kwimimandla ekumzantsi ekupheleni kuka-Epreli kunye ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, emantla - ukuya ekupheleni kuka May-ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Okuninzi isizukulwana ezininzi yesibini kuvela ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Butterflies aphaphazele aye ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Isizukulwana wesithathu kuxubana yesibini kwiindawo esemazantsi. Noko ke, njengoko umthetho, ukuba abantu yobudala wesithathu ukukhasa nge isityalo kwaye bahlale kude ngaphandle ekuphumleni angahlala de-Oktobha.

Umjikelo we khaphetshu olumhlophe

Ikhaphetshu olumhlophe pupae overwinter kwi imithi, amatyholo, iingcingo, iindonga yokwakha kunye nezinye iindawo. Emva kwexesha elifutshane ixesha emva kokuphuma abantu baqalisa ukubeka amaqanda ikakhulu kwicala elingaphantsi amagqabi ikhaphetshu kunye nezinye usapho yezityalo yemifuno yenkcubeko kunye kokhula Cruciferous. amaqanda ababhinqileyo zibekwe ngokwamaqela elinesihlanu ukuya amaqhosha ezimakhulu mabini kwi imfumba. Emva kweentsuku ezintandathu okanye elinesithathu imibungu sebeqala ivele. Ixesha lokuqala ezisencinci bahlala kunye. Kuhluma endaweni ezidla livela izihlandlo ezine. ixesha step kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu. Ixesha umjikelezo kwiintsuku 13-38. Phakathi molts ngeli xesha span iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe. UPupa uba ibhabhathane, ngokomlinganiselo, emva kweentsuku 10-17. Esi isizukulwana esitsha amaqanda nesabasilaleleyo ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuya ekuqaleni Agasti (kule leyini phakathi). Ukuba akwenziwanga lokulungiswa izityalo kunye nokulwa Babonakala ekhethekileyo yokuqala, kufuneka uqale ukukhula nokuphuhlisa ngamanani amakhulu. In kwimimandla ekumzantsi (Central Asia), lo kwezinambuzane amathathu okanye amane, kwaye kwezinye iindawo (eCaucasus, umzekelo) ukuya kwizizukulwana ezintlanu.

indawo

Ikhaphetshu butterfly elimhlophe ngokubanzi kuyo yonke indawo Mpuma Yurophu. Kwakhona, amalungu iintlobo zazo zifumaneka kwindawo enemozulu Asia, ummandla osempuma eJapan, kwakunye kuMntla Afrika. Ngowe-1993 it ebhalwe kwii lezilwanyana kummandla Southern Primorye. Ikhaphetshu olumhlophe waziswa iPanama Chile. Xa kwimimandla ebekwe ngasentla wesangqa indawo Arctic ingafumaneka abantu ikakhulu migrantnyh. Ekhethwayo ngamalungu iintlobo roadsides, ezinemiphetho ehlathini, iipaki, imiyezo, nemiqolomba, kumahlathi kwimizila kaloliwe. Kwakhona, ikhaphetshu isoloko ifumaneka kwiindawo apho kukho kulinywa zizityalo cruciferous. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba ukwabiwa wejografi amabhabhathane kuphela iimeko obushushu. Ngenxa yoko, pupae ubusika sibulawa ngama -20 ngo inqwaba ngokwaneleyo. Iqondo elilelona ukuba ukwanda kwabantu ithathwa degrees 20-26 ngasentla zero. Xa imozulu ishushu kakhulu (phezu 35-38 ° C) imenza uphuhliso zekhaphetshu olumhlophe okanye afe. yande kakhulu izinambuzane kummandla Russia, ngaphandle, mhlawumbi, ummandla eSiberia kunye Far North. Apho kube nzima ubukho kunye nophuhliso amaqondo aphantsi ngokwaneleyo kunye neemeko ezinzima zemozulu.

incazelo

Ikhaphetshu amaphiko olumhlophe omhlophe. Iimbombo yangaphambili zipeyintwe ezimnyama, nangesemva --smear emnyama esesiphelweni phambili komhlaba. Iimazi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ngokukodwa, phezu kwamaphiko azo aphambili la amabala ezimbini emnyama. Iqanda - yellow, kuba ibhotile-imilo. ukuphakama kwawo malunga 1.25 mm. Phezu beqanda iimbambo ibonakale longitudinal. Imibungu Grey-oluhlaza, ndininikile shestnadtsatitinogie Body amabala amnyama brawuni amachaphaza, neyohlulwe a imiqolo ezinqamlezayo tyaba. Macala lomzimba ecaleni yangasemva esimthubi (kwi ngasemva Ikhaphukhaphu emacaleni) zephetshana. umzimba mzila igutyungelwe iinwele kunye ezifumaneka. Intloko le ezisencinci abamnyama kunye abadala wambu amabala ukukhanya. umkhondo ubude ungaba kuze 35-40 mm. Abantu abaneminyaka lokuqala umbala oluhlaza ukukhanya, yaye umzimba wambu intsumpa abamnyama. A dolly inophawu imilo emboxo,, amachaphaza ezibuhlazarha-yellow amnyama emacaleni kunye umva.

ukudla

Ikhaphetshu olumhlophe Esukelana kwizityalo cruciferous. Imibungu Young, kukho ixesha lokuqala kunye, udle Ipete ukusuka ezantsi amagqabi, eshiya isikhumba phezulu. Ngaphezu koko, abantu sicaca ngeenxa zonke izityalo. amagqabi ikhaphetshu uqalisa ukusebenzisa i becala emiphethweni, imibungu abadala alawule phezu komhlaba eliphezulu. Abo banqabi inyama, eshiya imithambo kuphela irhabaxa. Butterflies bakhetha ukubhabha ngexesha lasemini. Batya (ngaphandle amagqabi yintlama) incindi kwezityalo. Ezinkulu lamanani iintaka zifumaneka kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo umoya kwaye ibekwe kude ecingweni, kumasimi umthi. Kwiindawo ezinkulu, yodaka ikhaphetshu lwezinambuzane, ngokuqhelekileyo luhlala emiphethweni yasendle.

ukulimala

Imibungu limaza ikhaphetshu radish umonakalo igqabi, theniphu, rutabagas kunye nezinye izityalo. Kananjalo iyakwazi ukutya izityalo ezinye iintsapho ezifana nasturtium, mignonette, capers. Ukongeza, kwaba ligazi ukumpompoza ukusuka amadlala yemizila zomzimba nimqumbise kwinwebu emzimbeni womntu. Akhawunti nokuba ngabanye ityiwe nokutshatyalaliswa iintaka, zidle kwezi imibungu. Umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu zekhaphetshu olumhlophe amngenise kwimimandla asentshona nasemantla-ntshona eRashiya.

Iindlela yokulawula izinambuzane. izinambuzane olwaye lwamfimfitha

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kokutshabalalisa zekhaphetshu olumhlophe. Ngokukodwa, omnye kakhulu ngempumelelo ikutyela izinambuzane. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke melkobryuh umkhweli, nto leyo ibeka kumzimba amaqanda imibungu abaselula, maxa wambi ukuya abalishumi omnye. Ukususela amaqanda ezidla kuvela. Bona batya ancedisana wequmrhu ezinqunquthayo, ebangela ukuba afe. abantu abosulelekileyo kukhula kakuhle ekuqaleni, kodwa emva koko abe ngaphantsi mobile, ukufumana ithinti elityheli. Emva kokuba iminyaka ethile baqale Ugqobhoze ukungcola umzimba imibungu ukugaqa ngaphandle. Kufuphi abantu abafayo beqala ukujija cocoons zabo apho pupate uze ijike ibe ezidala abadala. Ezi izifundo zophondo zifumanise ukuba umkhweli inokuchaphazela ukuya kwi-90% ikhaphetshu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngempumelelo kuliwe kwezinambuzane isitiya semifuno kwinkqubo ngesandla ukuqokelela imibungu kufuneka ashiye cocoons amaphelo yokuvelisa kamva kwimeko-bume yendalo, okanye ukuqokelela idlulisele nabo unabantu abaninzi iindawo ezinqunquthayo.

nezinye iindlela

Veliswa kunye nophuhliso amabhabhathane kakhulu ekuthinteleni izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, eziqhele ukusetyenziswa bacteria inkcubeko wax moth, nto leyo ekwenza ukugula kunye nokufa kwe-imibungu. Okubaluleke ngakumbi phakathi ezimbi bacteriological iye flyasheriya. Imibungu abachatshazelwa ngayo, ukwanda, babe lemon tyheli bafe ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphakathi iisampulu zeethishu eyosulelekileyo ijike ibe iwuse kwisidudu. Amaqanda Belyanko nako ukufumana enye iintlanga Trichogramma (oviphages).

Enye indlela elula ukutshatyalaliswa lwamabhabhathane olumhlophe kuthathwa uhlolo rhoqo kumphezulu esezantsi amagqabi zezityalo cruciferous, elihlazo amaqanda. Sebenzisa ngesandla-ukukha imibungu nayo intshabalalo yabo. Ukongeza, namhlanje wakhupha ezininzi zinambuzane. Primenyayutdlya isityalo sabo elizayo wokutshiza kwasekuqaleni lonyaka ukuthintela ukubonakala izinambuzane, kwakunye bavela okokuqala ukuba kutshatyalaliswe impahla esencinane. unyango Plant kuthintela ukukhula ngakumbi imibungu kunye amagqabi ukhusela izityalo umonakalo.