Iiseli Dendritic: iimpawu, umsebenzi, indima yokhuseleko elwa. iiseli Dendritic nomhlaza

Zininzi ezinobungozi inokubangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Njengoko imizekelo yeendidi eqaqambileyo ezahlukeneyo zamangenelela kunye nomhlaza. Kwaye ke kubalulekile ukuba, kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo unyango ezi zifo njengamaziko zenzululwazi mihla kunye neeklinikhi niqalise ukusebenzisa iiseli dendritic. impembelelo yabo utshintsho olukhulu enyameni ekujoliswe kulo, enkosi ukuvuselela yokwenziwa komsebenzi omzimba.

iiseli dendritic

Enyanisweni, indlela aphumelele ngayo umntu uya kuba nako ukwenza imisebenzi yayo kubalulekile, ngeendlela ezininzi kuxhomekeke ngobume yakhe yamajoni omzimba. Ngaphandle kolu khuselo, umzimba kwaba abasemngciphekweni kakhulu ubuso nkqu ezincinane ngemilinganiselo yanamhlanje sifo. Kunye nendima ebalulekileyo ingakumbi amajoni omzimba idlala kwi umsebenzi onzima ngxabano kweeseli zomhlaza. Ngaphezu koko, le ngxaki ukuze impilo umzimba kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo engakumbi iindlela zokhuselo lomzimba, ngoko usenokufumanisa ukuba njengenye yeekhomponenti ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo iiseli iantigens-inesigidimi. Nabo ke, yahlulwe ngamaqela ezithathu eziphambili: B-lymphocyte, macrophage kunye neeseli dendritic. Yaye ekubeni nqaku abambelele kule yokugqibela, kwaye baya kuba kugxininiswa.

Ukuba ukuguqulela igama dendron yamaGrike, oko kuya kuthetha nto, njengomthi. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukuze achaze uhlobo phantsi ingqalelo ngenxa yesizathu iiseli ukuba isakhiwo eyayizalwa ethile.

iimpawu

Olu hlobo iseli akukho mfuneko yakusithumela ku izinto phagocytic, kodwa indima yabo ngokusasazwa le omzimba ayikwazi babebiza imali. Iiseli yale hlobo isenokuba oqolileyo okanye hayi. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe badla ezisisigxina esikhumbeni.

iiseli Dendritic bayakwazi ukuba ethanjeni umongo-impiriyali, hayi (myeloid kunye lymphoid).

Kwasendaweni lohlobo lymphoid - lo udakada, thymus, iindawo nkovu kunye negazi. Umsebenzi wabo ephawulekayo thymus kuba kukho abanoxanduva lokukhetha ezimbi. Ngale nkqubo iqondwa ukususwa T-lymphocyte, banayo ukukwazi ukuba asabele awakwazi self.

Ngokumalunga kwiiseli myeloid, bona izihlunu Embi, inwebu yangaphakathi nolusu. Kulo mzekelo, ingachazwa njengento mobile.

Akukho thambo Iiseli nomongo-impiriyali, yena, ibekwe zoboya ngokwamalungu lymphoid. Kwakhona bethule iantigens of B-lymphocyte, kwaye phezu nezakhiwo omzimba.

isakhiwo

Ngaphambi kokuba unikele ingqalelo indlela unyango kwenziwa iiseli dendritic, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ubume babo. Chaza indlela babe iqela owahlukeneyo, lwahlulwe ngeentlobo ezimbini nemisebenzi ezahlukeneyo enye kwenye. Kunjalo, zombini iintlobo kuba imbonakalo efanayo.

Olu hlobo zeeseli iimpawu ezibonwayo ilandelayo: ke ngeenxa (ngamanye amaxesha okweqanda) kunye sikhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngelo xesha linye zakha branched, imisele rhoqo kwinkqubo. Banalo ngumongo kwaye kukho icytoplasm igcwele ngaphakathi organelles zabo. Ke ukuba umphezulu, ngoko ke ijolise oluninzi receptor.

iiseli ezinjalo emzimbeni zininzi kangaka yaye phantse zonke izicwili kunye namaziko.

iiseli Dendritic: umsebenzi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, eyona njongo iphambili yale hlobo iiseli lifinyele iantigens ntetho. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela inkqubo apho kuqala kukho yintshabalalo lweziqalelo yalapha, yaye emva - ukuphelisa (zabiranie) amacandelo enze uhlasela kwisuntswana langaphandle.

Ngendlela: Nokwethisa amacandelo ezinobungozi phagocytosis kusetyenziswa. Xa usongo sisusiwe, le awakwazi kwikhompyutha zidluliselwa ukuba ezinye iiseli immunocompetent. izithuthi enjalo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudluliselwa kolwazi zonke izinto benkqubo wokhuselo lo. Ngamafutshane, iiseli dendritic angadlulisela okukwazi umyalezo iye yabhalwa ingozi. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuselo kunikwa urhulumente, ngoko ukuthetha, siphaphile yaye ngenjongo iibhloko ezikhethiweyo olukhulu.

Kumba wokhuseleko ukususela ekusulelekeni, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kule hlobo iiseli dendritic njengezinto plazmotsitoidnye. Xa nokudaleka sibandakanya iseli enye intsholongwane, njengoko kunjalo lymphocyte. Olu hlobo iibhloko iseli ukuqhubela phambili usulelo ngokuthi ibanike interferon.

ifuthe lenkqubo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ubuhlobo obusondeleyo babe iiseli dendritic, zizifo, kunye nonyango somhlaza.

Kulo mzekelo, ekuqaleni kubalulekile ukutsala ingqalelo yokuba ezi seli lula ngokutsha kwilebhu mihla. Ukuphumeza oku yoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlukanisa monocytes kwamanye amacandelo igazi. Eli nyathelo kwakhona lizisa ubunzima technical. Oku kulandelwa kukungakhuseleki kwiiseli nenkcubeko zizinto ezithile, iintsuku eziliqela okanye iiseli stem kwenziwa monocytes zibe ngamasuntswana dendritic, ezibe injongo yokuqala.

Ngoku kukho iikliniki ezininzi ezifundisa njengesixhobo unyango iiseli dendritic. Zizifo eqinisa kude phambili ukuba le ndlela ivumela ukuba ngempumelelo nefuthe ukugula kunokuba nzima, kuquka nemvelo oncological.

Ngaphezu koko, emva kokuba uphando sele bungqinelwa into yokuba ukusungulwa iziqalelo amajoni omzimba akwazi ukunika isiphumo nkqi eyakhayo unyango izigulane abaphethwe zizifo ezingapheliyo kunye ngaphezu konyaka omnye.

A bit ngengxaki enkulu ezifana nomhlaza

Ukuze siqonde ngcono ukuba kwenzeka njani unyango kunye somhlaza iseli dendritic, iyavakala ukuhlawula ingqalelo kwingxaki ngokwayo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhangela umzimba womntu kakhulu ngakumbi, unako ukufumana Yaziwa kakuhle kukuba umzimba ubunjwe iiseli, hayi kanye mandithi, inkqubo yabo yonke, apho icandelo ngalinye ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba ukulawula ukukhula, zokuhamba kunye nobungakanani iqela elithile elahlekileyo. Isiphumo soku ilahleko kukuba ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwamalweyile ngendlela iiseli ezinjalo, leyo aqalile ndzulu zomzimba, ibekwe kufutshane.

ayipheli ibali kweeseli umhlaza ukoyiswa emzimbeni khona, ngenisa yegazi okanye isitishi emithanjeni, uze yandele kwamanye iindawo omzimba ukwenza metastases kunye namagatyana nethumba. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nangezilonda ngokwabo eninzi - ngaphezu kwekhulu iintlobo. Yaye ngamnye kubo wahlukile.

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo oogqirha abanalo okwangoku, singatsho kakuhle ukuba omnye wemiba ephambili ezibonakalisa bayahlelwa oonyana ithumba, i inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Yiloo nto iiseli dendritic nomhlaza - yinto neqhinga lokulwa thumba.

Yintoni unyango

iiseli ukhokho ethile uyazimela igazi yesigulane. Iyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukukhula elandelayo iiseli dendritic. Emva koko, ukudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ofunekayo, ezo ezibalulekileyo ukwenzela uphuhliso oluqhubekayo umbandela igcinwe.

Iingcali isigaba elinde apho ukuphuma amathupha, kwaye kongezwa kwiseli nenkcubeko ithumba afunyenwe ubunjineli yemfuza. Asikabi ukusetyenziswa ekuthiwa kobutyobo kunye nethumba nomonde. Ngaphezu koko kukho capture cell siphu- into eyingozi, kulandele utshintsho kubume bayo.

Ixabiso le nkqubo iza kuxhomekeka kukuba iiseli dendritic baqale ukuqonda ngakumbi kanye iimpawu uphawu ngenxa yamathumba. Ngaphezu koko, amava loo ezosulela kwaye yonke inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Inqanaba lokugqibela le - yaziswa emzimbeni wakhe, iiseli dendritic. Izitofu zokugonya yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ukwenza lo msebenzi. Xa oku lenquba yenzelwa, kukho intshukumo elikhutheleyo iiseli kwiindawo nkovu kunye ukusebenza emva kwe cytotoxic T-lymphocyte. Ezi beqonga zihlanganiswe iziqalelo ithumba, ukuba bawaphanzisa.

Xa isisongelo ibonakele lamkelwa, iqala uphendlo kuyo kwemithambo yegazi kunye nomzimba kwizihlunu. Xa target sifunyenwe, iseli umculi zokunganyaniseki umonakalo obulalayo ukuya element ngolunya wazisa oku amajoni omzimba ngokuthi imveliso yezinto ezithile.

Nantso loo unyango onjalo nzima, kodwa esebenzayo sibamba ngoku ifumaneka kuphando kwicandelo zizifo.

Amachiza, ezo zisekelwe iiseli dendritic

Kukho iziyobisi eziliqela olusebenzayo, ezibandakanya umgaqo ngasentla. Omnye umzekelo lugonyo "Stivumaks". Eyona njongo yayo iphambili - kukuvuselela impendulo ngokupheleleyo ukuba umxokomezelo wokugonyeka kwiiseli umhlaza, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze leyo glycoprotein mucin-1. Le iantigens eliqhelekileyo.

Kwisigaba uvavanyo lwesibini ichiza wabonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo, nangona, eneneni, kwaye kukho Izimo ethile.

Ukuze zibe nezo ziphumo zinqwenelekayo kwinkqubo yokhuselo omzimba, ugqirha kufuneka zigonywe kwi inyama ongama ye esiswini lomguli. Sele imizuzu eli-15 emva kokugqitywa kwale nkqubo, isigulana angaya ekhaya.

Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba atyelele rhoqo kwagqirha ukuze bafumane uvavanyo gazi - oku kuya kunika umfanekiso ocacileyo iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke amajoni omzimba. Ukuba yonke into kakuhle, xi lokusebenzisa iiseli ukuba atshabalalise ithumba, kufuneka kwandiswe kakhulu. Xa inqanaba labo iqalisa uwise, oko kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba kwakhona ugonyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umhlaza - oku hayi ingxaki kuphela ukuba ukusombulula iiseli dendritic. Indima ukhuseleko elwa inkqubo imithi kananjalo babebiza imali, ekubeni wakwazi ukubangela ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba, nto leyo ekhokelela ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo usulelo.

ziphumo bezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka

Ugonyo, ukongeza nempembelelo enamandla yokhuselo, kungakhokelela ekubeni zibe neziphumo ezibi. Enyanisweni, sithetha izinto ezihamba indlela jikelele kwamajoni omzimba. Ngethuba lale nkqubo kukho ukukhululwa ziimveliso athathe inxaxheba izifo arhabaxa ezosulelayo.

Ukuba sithethe malunga neempawu ezithile, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ubuthathaka kunye nomkhuhlane. Kwezinye iimeko kusenokubakho anozizi ulusu kuloo ndawo apho isitofu sanikwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ukujamelana ukwanda kwiindawo nkovu.

Iinzuzo zonyango kunye iiseli dendritic

Xa siqwalasela iindlela ezifana nokulwa nomhlaza njengoko radio- kunye ichemotherapy, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele le ezicacileyo - umzimba eli xesha luhlangabezana ntshikilelo kakhulu. Kodwa zonke iiseli dendritic esetyenziswa ukunyanga - yinto inkqubo yokukhusela yomntu kwanangamacandelo alo ethile. Umahluko ndlela ngaphezu buqapheleke.

Kwaye nangona le ndlela ngaba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukuba babevakalelwa kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye umonakalo obangelwa ngabo ayikwazi ngokuba ebalulekileyo. Enye inzuzo enkulu zolu nyango kukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkqubo recovery iya kwenziwa qho kwezigulane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba isigulane kuhlala eklinikhi.

amaziko onyango Russian

E ico, uphando olwenziwe ijolise ekudaleni grafts, ezo zisekelwe iiseli dendritic. NaseNovosibirsk - yenye sezixeko apho bawo iziphumo zabo. Kwaye ukuba siwuqwalasele lo mmandla, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye i Research Institute of zeegusha. Kwakukule kwiziko yahlola isitofu sokugonya ukuba ukunika inkcaso ukuya thumba. Xa unyango lomhlaza colorectal, iziphumo ezilungileyo ifunyenwe.

Kodwa Institute Research - asiyiyo indawo kuphela, apho uphando lwenziwa ezisebenzisa iiseli dendritic. Unyango eSt Petersburg kwaye kwinqanaba endilisekileyo, kwaye ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yaseYurophu. ngokukodwa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa zokugonya ngamnye, iyavakala ukukhumbula RNHI kubo. Polenov.

Ngokubanzi, eRashiya kulo mba inikwe ingqalelo kakhulu. Kwaye le ukuqikelela, Kakade, abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo nethemba.

iziphumo

Olu hlobo lomhlaza ithumba ukulwa, njengoko ukusetyenziswa iiseli dendritic ingabizwa ubuchule eselula. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukutshintsha into yokuba ukuthandwa kwakhe ekuhlaleni lwezenzululwazi ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngobuchule.

Ngaphezu koko, eJamani kukho iinkampani ze-inshorensi yezempilo, kwakunye neenkampani ze-inshorensi, nesele baqalisa ukuba bagubungele iindleko ezinxulumene impatho enjalo.