MD - hola isihloko koogqirha kakhulu. ayaziwa MD

MD - ngesiqu zemfundo. Eli bhaso Makazizukise kuphela kushishino Worker, siye impumelelo enkulu, hayi nje kuphela kweli isiko liyeza, kodwa izifundo ejongene nemiba entsokothileyo amayeza.

Ukuze kunikwa isidanga kwizifundo?

Isihloko Doctor of Sciences Medical lelona nqanaba liphezulu eenzululwazi zombini kwi-USSR naseRashiya. Kwangoko kulandela isikhundla zomviwa. Kwiiyunivesithi yasekhaya ewonga kube yimfuneko nokufumana ngunjingalwazi. Ngaphandle koku, akunakubakho inxaxheba kukhuphiswano eyahlukeneyo.

ERashiya, esi sidanga akanikwa Elawulayo Higher ubungqina iKomishoni ye-Federal Ministry of Education and Science. Okokuqala yahlolwa edlula ithisisi zobugqirha.

Kulo mzekelo, iqondo wesicelo Doctor of Medicine kufuneka sele kufumana umgqatswa of Sciences.

Xa ithisisi yakhe zobugqirha kufuneka kuphuhliswa imigaqo yeengcingane, nenokuthi kuchazwa nje impumelelo enkulu yenzululwazi. Okanye ukuba ingasetyenziswa ukusombulula lenyule ixabiso ebalulekileyo, umsebenzi lwenzululwazi ukuze kwenziwe yingxaki enkulu yenzululwazi. MD bangalufumana olu ubume kuphela emva kokuba ukhuseleko yeengcinga zabo abaphulaphuli avelele.

Kwi-Russian Federation, ugqirha inzululwazi zizinto 23 kwiinkalo zenzululwazi, ukusuka amayeza kunye eziphilayo ukuba izakhiwo, intanda kileyo.

Zingaphi Russian oogqirha?

Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo inani oogqirha baseRashiya landa kakhulu, waba ngakumbi abo unetyala uphuhliso lakhe iyeza. Doctor of Medicine kufanele ufumane le isihloko. Ukuba ngo-1995 kwakukho ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezingama-20, nangona yokuba bonke abaphandi kunye neziqu eziphambili ezingaphezu kwama 116.000, kule mihla ngoxa kuncitshiswa inani elipheleleyo abanini of izidanga zemfundo (ukuba nje kancinane ngaphezulu kwe-100 amawaka), oogqirha baba ngaphezu - 25 oyinqaba abantu amawaka.

Oko kukuthi, ukuba PhD ngaphambilana omnye umphengululi ezintandathu kunye isidanga kwizifundo, kodwa namhlanje zonke wesine. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba omnye wabo ngumuntu kuphela abo babandakanyeka lophuhliso lwenzululwazi, ngoko nelona nani abaphandi oogqirha baseRashiya nangakumbi.

PhD amazwe

Ngokuqinisekileyo xela ukuba isihloko academic ekwafanekisa ugqirha Russian amayeza ngokubanzi, akunakwenzeka. iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kwaye iimpawu nezifundo zobugqirha kwi ithi ezahlukeneyo.

Kulo mzekelo, ezinye amazwe, ilizwe lethu utyikitye izivumelwano malunga nokuqonda macala amaxwebhu engqina izidanga zemfundo.

Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2003, isivumelwano sasayinwa neFransi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ugqirha French kwinzululwazi kuthelekiswa umgqatswa Russian of Sciences zonyango. MD ngaxeshanye, ngokutsho amaxwebhu, akukho umfuziselo engqinelanayo.

Isivumelwano efanayo utyikitywe eJamani. apha kuphela ukongeza ukuba PhD Russian elivumelana iziqinisekiso waseJamani ukuvuselelwa zemfundo.

E eJamani, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo degree luxanduva Ministry of Lands.

izazinzulu Famous medical Russian

PhDs phakathi amakhono ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Kodwa mhlawumbi kakhulu phakathi oogqirha inhliziyo. Ezi oogqirha ngqo yonke imihla uyawalwela ubomi yezigulane, umsebenzi wabo kuya kuxhomekeka ngqo kwindlela Ezinye bayahlelwa abantu ukuba uyenyuka.

Owaziwayo Russian ugqirha intliziyo, MD, uNjingalwazi Renat Suleimanovich Akchurin. Namhlanje usebenza Russian Cardiological Uphando Production Complex. UGqr Rank wabuyela 1985.

Baqeqeshwa kwiiklinikhi ilungileyo kwi-US, waziwa ngokuba oyingcali, leyo iphuhlise isebe phambili amayeza ojongana bambalwa kakhulu abantu ngokubanzi - kunye nemithambo Ukuhlinza kwentliziyo, athwala ukusebenza eyodwa microsurgery zeplastiki.

Ngenxa iimpapasho zobunzululwazi ngaphezulu kwama-300 kwiijenali abadumileyo Russian angaphandle zonyango wafumana isihloko Doctor of Medicine. EMoscow iye akayisa nogqirha ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kuba apha kukho izikolo zasekhaya yonyango olunamandla.

ERashiya, ukuba ngokuyintloko njengenye yeendlela eyodwa Abaxhasi iinzwane esinye ukuhlamba, imisebenzi ezintsonkothileyo ukubuyisela isandla. Eyona idumileyo ke ngo-1996, kwaye ukuba siphathiswe ukuphumeza tyando Russian nguMongameli Boris Yeltsin. Uqhaqho kwimithambo esa yokumilisela waba imigaqo-nkqubo eminye iminyaka emine emva konyango wakhokela lizwe.

Siberian Dr.

Oogqirha ezizodwa nje kuphela elikomkhulu, kodwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yawo. Umzekelo, oku Alsou Nelaeva - endocrinologist, MD. Tyumen ke ingcali ephambili entsimini yakhe.

SobuGqirha kwinkalo yesifundo abayifundisayo zikhuselwe ngo-1997. Ujoliso wafunda seswekile kunye nezigulo nemithambo emva kotyando. Uxakeke ngamandla emsebenzini zenzululwazi. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, 5 abaphandi afumana isihloko Umviwa of Sciences Medical. MD waphumelela de omnye kuphela.

Kwaye Nelaeva uzinika nje ngokwayo kwizinto zemfundo, kodwa liyaqhubeka ukwenza amayeza. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, esebenza lemithi Tyumen endocrinological.

Enye ingcali ezinkulu kulo mmandla Russia - Irina Vasilevna Medvedeva. Kwakhona endocrinologist, MD. Tyumen ke Umphathi the State University Medical.

obungcali yakhe ibandakanya imibuzo dietetics, ukutya okusempilweni yaye mxhesho kuzalwa abangazange ngaphambili kwatsala ingqalelo oosonzululwazi abadumileyo.

umgqatswa zabo zezidanga zobugqirha wathethelela UNjingalwazi Krylov, lowo ke abanomdla kwezi zihloko. Kuyaqapheleka zezenzululwazi abanetalente Russian, namhlanje, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, isikolo isebenza kuzo zonke imiyalelo unyango kunokwenzeka. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe kulawulo zokutya zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Umbhali amawaka amaphepha enzululwazi

Enye oogqirha idumileyo Russia - Hatkov Igor Evgenevich. MD, Ph.D., uprofesa.

Kwikomkhulu, wayiqhubela Clinical Research Center, nto leyo kwixesha elidlulileyo ezizodwa kuphela Gastroenterology. Namhlanje iziko ibandakanyeka ezahlukeneyo ndlela oogqirha '. MD Hatkov Igor Evgenevich kwakhona uyalela iSebe of Surgery e-Medical zaMazinyo University ikomkhulu likaThixo. Ngaphezu koko, iyunivesithi ilungiselela bamazinyo nje kuphela kodwa yenye yunivesithi ziphambili kweli lizwe, ezilungiselela abaziingcali kwicala "Medicine". Ukongeza, kwakhona neeyunivesithi zonyango lidala eRashiya, kutshanje sabhiyozela unyaka 90.

Khatkov ngokwakhe inzalelwane Saratov Medical School. Wamela ithisisi yakhe isihloko enxulumene unyango leengxaki ngotyando, kwaye wafumana isidanga sobugqirha yakhe ngomsebenzi wakhe kuthintelo iingxaki in laparoscopy. It is a ubuchule ngotyando mihla apho yonke imisebenzi kuqhutywa ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa kancinane encinane. Nangona oogqirha kusetyenziselwa ukwenza cuts okuninzi xa kusenziwa utyando.

Nguye yedwa umbhali engaphezu kwewaka amaphepha enzululwazi. Ukususela 2014 yena kakhulu benza iingxaki umhlaza, ngenxa yokuba esi sifo kutshanje zithandwa kakhulu eRashiya.

Wezifo ovela kuThixo

It ngokufuthi wabhekisela omnye ugqirha odumileyo, owayephumelele Saratov Medical Institute. UNikolay Romanovich ivanov - MD, ukususela 60s ephakathi ukuya ekupheleni ubomi bakhe ekhokelwa isebe kwezifo ezingabantwana ezosulelayo eyunivesithi Saratov. Kweminyaka engama-30, ukususela ngowe-1960 ukuya 1989, wayiqhubela eli ziko.

Isazinzulu Uphando Strong othe wanikela uphando lwakhe lwenzululwazi nokudumba, usuleleko etsolo amathumbu kunye ugonyo.

MD, uNjingalwazi ivanov wazalelwa kwingingqi Penza ngo-1925. Kwisikolo medical wangena IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ngo-1942.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala zenzululwazi - thesis umninindlu - wayemgcinile uNjingalwazi Zhelyabovsky uxilongo kunye nonyango lwe yicesina kwizigulane abafumene sokugonya. Uninzi yobomi bakhe wayitshabalalisa ekufundweni izifo ezosulelayo kubantwana. Ebebefunda nezifo ezahlukeneyo - yimasisi, isifo somqala omhlophe, ifiva nebomvu, ipoliyo kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Of umdla ezithile izifundo zakhe kuthintelo ekuqaleni kwezifo ezosulelayo. Isiphumo practical yaba uphuhliso iqela lezindululo babase kwisitofu abantwana kunye nabantu abadala nxamnye isibetho kunye ikholera, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngaloo minyaka.

Ivanov kulindeleke imiqathango phantsi apho ngempumelelo kakhulu sokugonya lwemasisi kunye unoqwilikana. Ngocoselelo kuphandwa usulelo staphylococcal. Iindlela for zokuthintela izifo ezihlasela zosulele amathumbu abantwana nabafikisayo.

Kuyinto ukuze lihlawulwe - isiseko kwisikolo yesizwe Russian sifo abantwana esosulelayo. Waye isuphavayiza ekukhuseleni nezifundo ezingaphezu kwama-40, apho phantse isiqingatha doctorates. Bonke bephela abazinikele iingxaki ngqo izifo ezosulelayo, kungekuphela abadala kodwa ebantwaneni.

Ivanov waba nomncedisi amakhulu babephumelele Saratov Medical Institute, apho wayesebenza onguMphathi. Ngexesha kobunkokheli bakhe iyunivesithi iye kabini inani labafundi, amasebe amatsha 32 zavuleka. Phakathi kwabo, neurosurgery, wezifo ezingalaliswayo, ngowokuqala eSoviet Union Department of Haematology. Ukwakhiwa izibhedlele ezintsha, zokulala zabafundi.

UNikolay Romanovich ivanov wafa ngowe-1989 eneminyaka engama-64. Waza ke wangcwatywa kwisixeko, apho wachitha phantse ubomi bakhe abadala, Saratov.

Scientist segazi

Enye izazinzulu inkulu Russian kummandla Haematology - Andrey Vorobiev, uNjingalwazi, Doctor of Sciences Medical. Yavela 1928 kwikomkhulu. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, iNtloko Scientific-Research Institute of Haematology Nonyango. Intloko yokuqala Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. igalelo yalo esentloko kukuba ukuphanda endle of Oncology kunye Haematology kunye imisebe Medicine.

Abazali Andrei Ivanovich yaba revolution yamaBolshevik onamava olukhulu. izimvo uLenin kushunyayelwa phambi October Revolution. Ngelo linye xesha benza zululwazi yezonyango. Kodwa oku akuzange nokubasindisa ukusuka zocindezelo kaStalin. Bawo Ivan, wayesebenza ugqirha, wadutyulwa ngowe-1936, unina yehlabathi Samuilovna ngaphantsi konyaka kamva wagwetywa iminyaka eli-10 kwiinkampu nzima. UPawulos ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-13 ubudala.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe, waza wasebenza nje opeyintayo indlu. Ngowe-1947 yena wangena Moscow Medical Institute. Emva kokufumana imfundo zonyango waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe ube ngugqirha esibhedlele kwisithili Volokolamsk. Apho ngugqirha nokwakheka lwezidumbu, wezifo kunye nonyango.

Ukususela 1956 uqala lokuzibandakanya kwinzululwazi. Ungena yokuhlala uNjingalwazi Kassirsky waza waqalisa ukwenza nzulu kulo Haematology.

Kule endle senza inkqubela ebalulekileyo. Ngowe-1971 waba yintloko yeSebe Haematology kwi-Central Institute of Advanced Medical.

Emva kokuba ntlekele kwi iChernobyl mveliso samandla senyukliya waba ngomnye lwabasunguli eziphambili zekomiti zonyango urhulumente Andrei Vorobyov. MD, unjingalwazi yena waya yakheke kwaye uphando malunga neziphumo zonyango amaxhoba ngozi.

Ekupheleni 80 kulona lonke ilizwe, umchazi-kwinkalo Haematology. Ngoko ke, iba uMlawuli we-Institute, leyo ngoku iguqulelwa kwiziko Haematology, ukusebenza phantsi kwegunya Russian Academy of Sciences Medical. Ne post eliphezulu Vorobyov kwasala kuphela ngo-2011, xa '83.

Ngowe-1991, Andrey Vorobev wamiselwa uMphathiswa wokuqala lezeMpilo kwimbali Russian. Noko ke, kule post zange kube kudala, ngaphantsi kancinane nje konyaka, yena indawo Eduard Aleksandrovich Nechaev.

Ngubani owavela umkhuhlane lusidla?

Nobizo Andreya Vorobeva - Pavel Andreevich Vorobev, MD, unjingalwazi eyaziwa ngokuba amazwi akhe yokuqala, wanikezela ubhubhane umkhuhlane lusidla. Nguye umongameli we-Inter-Regional Society of izifundo amayeza, ngoko uluvo lwakhe akaviwa yi abaninzi.

Ngokutsho kwakhe, lo flu - isifo iinkampani etsomo ngokupheleleyo amayeza. Injongo yonke le hype enye kuphela - ukwenza imali intelekelelo yale ebanga imali kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Labavelisi bamachiza ezahlukeneyo, ngokutsho Pavel Vorobiev, uNjingalwazi, Doctor of Sciences Medical, ngabom zivuthelana hype ukukhuthaza zonke iintlobo zokugonya kunye neziyobisi nxamnye iintsholongwane. Kwaye kule tyathanga zonke kwezoshishino kunye neengeniso - amanani zoluntu ifumene capital kwezopolitiko, ziintatheli bamkela imali elungileyo ngexesha ubhala malunga izifo ezintsha block, kunye noogqirha ndinendawo bayiphilise imilwelwe. Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ukhathalelo lwempilo mihla - isifo etsomo.

Ngaphezu koko, uyagxininisa Vorobyov, ingcamango "wasentsomini" akumele ithathwe ngokoqobo. khona ezi zifo, kodwa ubungakanani kunye neziphumo zezi ngokuba abantu akabaxwa kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, nabo babhala iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, abananxaxheba ilifa.

Uqhambuko lwezifo twi nezingaqhelekanga kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuvela rhoqo. Ngokutsho iingxelo eendaba, kwafuneka ukuba kutshabalalisa amawaka abantu. Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenzeki oku, yaye kwisiqalo lonxibelelwano ezinjalo imitsi elikhulu ekuphuhliseni kushishino imithi. Kwaye akukho umkhuhlane nje lusidla, kodwa ithuku, kwaye umkhuhlane neentaka, kunye SARS.

ukulwa Soloko nabo eyabelwe iindlela lee. Sithetha izigidi zezigidi zeerandi kunye euro. Ukuthetha ngqo malunga flu, Vorobiev kuzisa amanani eyomileyo izibalo. Ngokomzekelo, kunyaka odlulileyo phakathi zonke izifo ntsholongwane ehlabathini, umyinge flu akazange ngaphezulu kwe-5 ekhulwini. Ngelo iimali xesha ukuba ukulwa esi sifo sele inikezelwe kulingana ngaphezu yena uthanda.

Ngoko ke lowo sigqibo ukwenza ngokwakho. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo, ukuba abathile isifo igxininisa ingqalelo ngokugqithisileyo oonondaba, iingcali kunye noosokhemesti, kusenokwenzeka ukuba le ngxaki lokwenene lisenomoya ngamandla. Enyanisweni, wonke umntu ufuna nje ukufumana imali kangangoko ukulwa esi sifo.

Ugqirha, owayesele alibhalwanga ummiselo eyodwa

Nantso ke into bathi malunga ugqirha odumileyo Sergey Bubnovsky. Lo umntu ibhayografi ekhethekileyo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-22 ubudala, Sergei wafumana ingozi yemoto, wasinda ekufeni clinical. Noko ke, nangona uqikelelo oogqirha, nako ukuma ngeenyawo zalo kwaye uqale kunandipha ubomi ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwengozi, kakhulu ukwenza amayeza, uye wafumana imfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kwaye ziphuhliswe ubuchule bakhe zonyango oko kamva awodwa. Ngenxa indlela yakhe, yena Wazisusa iintonga nee namhlanje ihamba ngokukhululekileyo njengomntu esempilweni.

MD Bubnovsky - umsunguli kinesitherapy. Le enye indlela zonyango lwezifo ezingapheliyo, edulusele kwinto yokuba ugxininiso loqobo alinjalo kumachiza, kwaye kwiindawo yangaphakathi emzimbeni bomntu. Bubnovsky uthi xa ufunda ukuqonda umzimba wakho, unako ukufunda nazo phantse nasiphi na isifo.

Doctor of Sciences Medical of Russia ngokubanzi kakuhle kuhlolwa lo mkhwa. It iqulathe ekuqhubeni unyango ngoncedo iintshukumo esebenzayo yaye angenzi yomguli, kwakunye eninzi ingqwalaselo ihlawulwe ifizotherapisti. Bubnovsky kakuhle lo mkhuba kweminyaka engama-30.