Iinyani ezinika umdla malunga St Petersburg. History of St. Petersburg

Ayizizo zonke sixeko, iminyaka emakhulu mathathu yembali liyi iintlobo ezifana izakhiwo kunye nenkcubeko, njengoko uPetros. Nobutyebi yakhe, unyanzelekile ukuba umntu omnye, nto leyo ingqiqo ngenxa engenangqondo ingcamango idla imibuzo. Museums, zemidlalo kunye namathala eencwadi, amabhotwe kunye imiyezo, romance, ubugcisa kunye nentsusa - usembindini wonke ummandla iLeningrad, leyo ngonyaka itsala iindwendwe ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga umzi ezukileyo kunye ubutyebi bembali. Uya kufunda izinto ezininzi ezinomdla malunga uPetros.

Intsimi zeemposiso

Saint Petersburg ligutyungelwe eninzi yamandulo umdla engaqhelekanga. Omnye wabo ubalisa ibali kwesiseko salo. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, umlawuli omkhulu uPetros Enkulu waqonda ukuba lizwe idinga ethekwini. Oku kuya kunceda ukuseka uqhagamshelwano Europe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho imfuneko ukwenza kwindawo eyayiza kuba liziko kwizithuthi ngexesha elifanayo ukunika ukukhuselwa imimandla yomntla-ntshona lizwe. Indawo ehambelana kule milinganiselo elapha ngasentla, bakhethwa kunxweme ye-Gulf of Finland.

May 16, 1703, yokubhiyozela kaBathathu Emnye, umlawuli safika Island uMvundla. Eli gama livela yokuba xa amanzi ephakeme yenye imivundla yafihlakala kukumkani emanzini bakhwela kweziqalo, ngaloo ndlela zokonga ngokwabo.

Ubheka ndawo, apho inkosi ezoyiswa ukusuka balwa, yena walisa wathi ukuba kuza kubakho isixeko esikhulu udumileyo St Petersburg. Wandula ke wathabatha nefolokhwe baqalisa ukumba emhadini. Kamva ke wabeka ilitye isiseko sekamva le nqaba. Ngelo xesha, lo mmandla kwakukho kumgxobhozo ivaleke kunye yinkangala buthuntu. Ngoxa irhuluneli yayihamba, yena kunye naye yonke eagle - uphawu lokuphumelela, amandla kunye nempumelelo.

Refutation of iintsomi

Enyanisweni, phantse zonke amavo - fiction. Oku kusebenza kwi intsomi ngasentla. Abaphandi bamgxeka ngokupheleleyo loo sentsomi. Noko ke, imbali St. Petersburg isekhona alohlukaniswa amabali, kwaye ixesha elide, abantu bacinga kubo njengoko inyaniso.

zamabali First - ubukho uPetros Hare Island ngoMeyi 1703. Ngeli xesha, i uKhesare walandela ukwakhiwa iinqanawa e Lodeynoye Pole, leyo neekhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka elikomkhulu elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, neze nokumkani-uyise lehla kulo mmandla. Kwaye case yasebukhosini umba imigodi, ebeka amatye yokuqala, kwaye kuveliswa kumaphondo.

Kwakungekho okhozi omhle, kuba akukho zifumaneka kule ndawo. Noko ke, ehlathini apha kwaye kwakukho zasendle ngokwenene. Umzekelo, kwi-Elagin Island, ethi namhla izindlu ipaka kubo. S. M. Kirova, kuhlala amabhere brown.

Hi ndlela leyi, ezi zilwanyana zingamkelwa kakuhle ubunyani kufutshane nabantu ze rhoqo bahlaselwa bakhi, kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ilahleko kunokuba enkulu yobomi. Ekugqibeleni, kwagqitywa ekubeni atshabalalise weebhere.

Jungle ne zokuhlala

Kule iinyani ezinika umdla malunga St Petersburg, musa ukuma. Amabali malunga ivaleke, imigxobhozo uninhabited - eyinyani. Enyanisweni, la mazwe eliguqulelwe ngokuthi abantu kwelimiweyo kodwa isintu abo nezalamane Finno-Ugric izizwe. Xa Kwiinkulungwane VIII-IX i nokuxubana wahlala apha. Xa 1600s, le mimandla ngexesha lemfazwe ziye iphumelele kukubuyisa balwa, yaye elilungu kubo de 1721. Ngelo xesha zokuqala zokwakha kwakukho malunga amane zokuhlala ephithizela namabandla, ezinde, izindlu. Ngu imigangatho kumaXesha Aphakathi kube zokuhlala enkulu kangangoko. Kodwa ke amandla izakhiwo ezindala idilizwe wakha izakhiwo ezitsha endaweni yazo.

Kunye mbali abayamkeli ingcamango yokuba ukumkani ekhokelwa nkqubo izilangazelelo bakhe zabantu. Injongo yakhe ephambili ukudala kwilizwe elitsha eYurophu, nto leyo yaseRussia kwixa elizayo. St. Petersburg yakhiwa ukusuka emhlabeni ngenxa yokuba lo kumkani akazange kulungele ke uluntu. Ikomkhulu elitsha ukuba nje kuphela yezopolitiko kodwa iziko amandla yenkcubeko.

Imfihlelo igama

Ukongezelela amavo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuba babalise ibali kokusekwa mzi, abantu bakha nemvukelo engachanekanga igama wesixeko. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kubhekiswa ngqo igama umseki wayo - uPeter Omkhulu. Enyanisweni, lo mlawuli uye akukho ngokunxulumene nale nto. Uqhekekile umzi ogama lakhe behlonipha St Peter. Ukumkani phambi kokusekwa isixeko wayefuna ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi ngegorha, ogama lakhe wamzalela, kwaye ithiywe emva kwakhe ethile buthelezi.

History of St. Petersburg ukwathi uPetros noPawulos Fortress, leyo wabeka umlawuli, nguye kwesango ebizwa ngokuba kweli lizwe. Ke kaloku lo umxhasi unoxanduva zokungenela eParadisi.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kanye kwinqaba iShushan kunye ukumkani kwiziko emkhosini nje kuphela, kodwa idolophu nobubele zokuhlala, kwiikhemesti, ezivenkileni.

Amanyathelo okuqala ukuze iphupha yomphathi

Ngomhla ekuphunyezweni kwesicwangciso esebenza koMlawuli Kucelwa iinjineli amazwe ezaziwa ngamazwe kunye nabayili. Kodwa umsebenzi wokwakha wathwala ngamakhoboka, leyo "wamema" kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Xa wakha ukumkani isixeko amaphupha, akavumelanga eRashiya. St. Petersburg kwacetywa ecaleni imigca aseYurophu, yaye ulwakhiwo lwalo yaba inani elikhulu samatye. Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha umsebenzi umlawuli Neva esalelweyo ukuba kwakhiwe izindlu kulo mbandela kwenye indawo. Ukongeza, umsebenzi ngamnye kwakufuneka ukuba beze kuqeqesho bephethe izixhobo kuphela, kodwa izinto ekrwada. Nabo bonke abo bafika belambatha-sasekhohlo, ukuqokelela irhafu. Le projekthi umdla amakhoboka nje kuphela, kodwa amajoni (ngexesha kungekho mfazwe), amabanjwa kunye entolongweni.

Inyaniso namanga

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga St Petersburg uyakwazi ukubalisa ibali. Ngoko ke, imithombo amaninzi abonisa ukuba iimeko zokusebenza kade, zahlawulwa kancinane yaye walawula ulawulo enogonyamelo. Eneneni, umlawuli igcinwe izifundo zakhe yakhe ngenqindi. Ukwakhiwa abalimi beza amandla. Iintsapho abo baphepha basiwa entolongweni kwaye azikhutshwa de abasebenzi babuyele.

Kodwa umvuzo bahlawulwa ikwachaziwe-1 engange (umvuzo avareji ngelo xesha) esebenza (kamva ezimbini) iinyanga ezintathu kuphela, kwaye ke sibuyele emakhaya. Kukho ulwazi ingozi: njengoko uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, eli nani phakathi kwe-1 ne-5%, oko kukuthi, kuthathelwa ubudala akhawunti, lisezantsi kakhulu.

fashion ebethelwe

Ukuqhuba of St. Petersburg malunga indawo isakhiwo ngelo xesha ezidityanisiweyo ngokusondeleyo izithethe bamazwe. Onke amashishini zakhelwe phantse kunxweme. izikhukula rhoqo kunye sezulu akukho kutsala abantu. Kodwa 1712, isixeko yabhengeza elikomkhulu. Ngomhla olwandulela amagosa apha, iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye nonozakuzaku. Kwakhona kuhlala kunye kwinkundla yakomkhulu.

Efuna abahlala sixeko asendle kancinci. Ngezinga elikhulu labantu lifika ukuba benze lo kumkani. Ngowe-1725, kwakukho malunga 25-30 amawaka abantu e St. Petersburg, lo gama izihlandlo ezisibhozo eMoscow. Ngoko ke endlwini ka-St Petersburg belimiwe yi abalimi kunye nabasebenzi, abo benza ukwakha izibonelelo ezitsha.

Kodwa emva kokufa sikaPetros, 1725, kuphuhliso kumile. Capital kwakhona okwenzeka eMoscow. Isixeko kwi Neva River eshiywa. Local wayengekho, njengoko zabemi nabalimi abaye wabuyela ekhaya. Waya kwindawo yangaphambili yokuhlala kunye nezazi. Oku kungqinwe kukuba emangcwabeni yokuqala zokubhala yasekwa kuphela ngo-1738.

emzini ababusi

House of St. Petersburg satshatyalaliswa. Ifakiwe iingxaki umlilo ezimbini kunye nezikhukula zonyaka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba matye zokwakha, ethi namhla Oqhayisayo mzi, ngoko kwakungenjalo. Ugxininiso kaPetros kwicala emkhosini. Structures ibinqatyiswe kakuhle yaye ukulungele ukuba ahlasele yotshaba.

Ingongoma wenguquko enkulu baqhubeka ukumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna. Ngomthetho ka 1737 wadala zekomiti esinenjongo - ukubuyisela isicwangciso sophuhliso esi sixeko. Ivula i zikolo elinesibini. kamva ke kukhokelela ekubeni esi sixeko iye yaba liziko inkcubeko.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga St Petersburg ezinxulumene ngasentla uPetros Paul Fortress. View, nto leyo bayinqule ngabakhenkethi namhlanje - lo msebenzi umlawuli wokuqala kunye nentombi yakhe Elizabeth. Ukuba yenza nosondeza mmangaliso yokuyilwa kwale ndawo emkhosini.

Ndibeke kakhulu umgudu kunye uCatherine II. Eneneni, ke yena walakha ikomkhulu wasentla. Ngenxa yakhe, kwakukho omnye eqingqiweyo abaziwayo - Bronze umgadi. Eli nani igama wanika imbongi A. S. Pushkin. Enyanisweni, lo Umfanekiso iphoswe ngobhedu.

amabali umqondisi

Esi sixeko, nto leyo ushiye ngasemva uPetros, yayingamahlwempu, elula. Ekuphela kwento UCatherine II wathabatha iprojekthi yokuqala - ejikeleza St. Petersburg. Man elakhiwe iinkuni nodongwe ooronta ngokucacileyo kumgca into engaqhelekanga nentsonkothileyo ukuya ke abantu.

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba indlu ilitye enye kuphela yayakhiwe ngexesha ubomi kumkani ngomnyaka. Kodwa uKumkanikazi ezenziwe nedolophu umsebenzi wobugcisa. Ukuba uye wadala amaninzi zobuciko kusolwa banawo uPetros Omkhulu. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe yayakhiwe ezinde zibhetele watyala imiyezo aluhlaza of St. Petersburg. Khula nemithombo kunye manzi.

legends abaninzi uhlanga sungula Pushkin. Ngemisebenzi yakhe isihlwele wafunda City.

Ayizange ayeke uphuhliso nangexesha notshintsho kulawulo. Nokuba ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kule lali abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini. Abahlali kwengqukuva osemantla kuphunyeziwe revolutions ezintathu.

Isibindi namandla ayikatshintshi ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. I abanya eLeningrad wabonisa ukuba St. Petersburg qela - amadoda yokwenene ilizwe labo.

umphathi werekhodi leli lizwe

Namhlanje esi sixeko ukuze kuninika mnandi ngokuba abakhenkethi kakhulu ibhuqiwe. It idlulisela kuphela amabhotwe, izindlu gadi St Petersburg. Iindwendwe kuza ubumnandi, leyo zizityebi kwezi ndawo. Venice Second (ngoko wabiza le sixeko) - esinye sezixeko romantic kakhulu ehlabathini.

Kukho into yokuba owayesakuba iLeningrad uphethe ingxelo ngenani kwo kwi kwimitha. Enyanisweni, nangona-10% yommandla kuhlala ngamanzi, olu lwazi - ukukopela. Lobuntshatsheli bobabo eHamburg, eJamani, apho kanye ukuyibala 2300. Ngo St. Petersburg, ngokutsho iinkqubo ukubala ezahlukeneyo, lwabo ngaphezu kwama 1,000.

Ngokutsho manani, eli ziko utyelela ngonyaka abakhenkethi kwezigidi ezi-2. Ngamnye kubo iqwalasela njengelungelo ukuba athathe uhambo uze ubone St Petersburg ebusuku. Ezithandwa kakhulu kweli xesha namhla kwixesha ekupheleni Meyi ukuya phakathi kuJulayi. Ke zidibana kunye ngokuhlwa kusasa isixeko egxile ekukhanyeni emhlophe.

umoya kumnandi

neengqondi kunye neziko ngokwenkcubeko ezintle nje kuphela kwezi nyanga zishushu. Ngakumbi ebusika ezintle St. Petersburg. Russian usoloko ngobubele ingakumbi kweli xesha lonyaka. abandayo ezikrakra nekhephu ethubeleza abantu baqonda njengesipho wendalo. Ngaphambili, xa imozulu akomelela ingakumbi esinxilisayo emsebenzini ezitratweni a Mtheza ukuze abantu abadlulayo bayibone-yi nga ukuzifudumeza up. Namhlanje umzi uyakholiswa cafes efudumeleyo kunye zokutyela apho ukunandipha izimuncumuncu yemveli umzi - namafetshu anesiraphu.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga St Petersburg unako mababuyiselwe ngonaphakade. Le ndawo zemiboniso, iimyuziyam, ubugcisa kunye umoya kakhulu okulungileyo.