Iintlobo kwamagciwane. Yintoni na iintsholongwane ebantwini?

Virus kungabangela iintlobo zezifo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo usulelo kwaye iimpawu emzimbeni bosulelekile. Yintoni na iintsholongwane ebantwini? Yokuba baninzi kakhulu, kwaye bonke ubomi babo, abantu ngandlela ukunxibelelana ezininzi izifo. izifo ezibangelwa kuzo zisukela kakhulu lula ukuya esiyingozi. Amaninzi, ehlabathini kukho iintsholongwane ezikhokelela iingqele, umkhuhlane, usulelo amathumbu kunye hepatitis.

Iintsholongwane kunye umkhuhlane

komkhuhlane (njengoko ekhaya ekuthiwa izifo ezosulelayo, ezifana influenza, SARS, laryngitis, pharyngitis) kuhlala enye izifo ezininzi eqhelekileyo yabantu. Kulo US kuphela unyaka ngamnye, phantse-gidi amatyala ka-SARS. igciwane lohlobo lwe kwiinwebu amarhanana ezikhokelela iimpumlo ezivuzayo, amehlo alilayo, ukuthimla nomqala obuhlungu. Isifo iqhubeka ukusuka kwiiveki ukuya ezimbini. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ngaphezulu kwama-200 iintlobo ezaziwayo kunokukhokelela njengomkhuhlane. Ziziphi iindidi amagciwane kwamagciwane zixhaphakileyo ka SARS? Le eyahlukileyo rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, kunye intsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial.

Le ntsholongwane influenza

Umkhuhlane ebangela iintlobo ezintathu ezincinane. Iindidi A and B ikhokelela izifo ngamaxesha iimpawu kwithuba eqalela ekwindla kade nasekuqaleni isiphelo entwasahlobo. C virus usuleleko ezifana boqobo kangako kwaye kaninzi ezidala izifo ifomu wobulali. Iimpawu umkhuhlane Common ziquka iingqaqambo zomzimba, ifiva, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, umqala obuhlungu, ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, nakumarhanana ingxinano. Imigomo zokulwa umkhuhlane na iindlela zokukhusela kwiintlobo igciwane lohlobo A no-B

amagciwane ama

Yintoni na iintsholongwane kwinkqubo yokwetyisa yaye ziziphi iinkalo zazo zithwala? Amagciwane kule hlobo ukungena esiswini kunye izihlunu isisu, ebangela gastroenteritis wentsholongwane egazini. Iimpawu yesiqhelo ziquka iintlungu esiswini, amahlaba, urhudo, isicaphucaphu nokugabha. Xa abantwana, kuquka iintsana, unobangela gastroenteritis likholisa ngokuthi irotavirus. Le usuleleko kubonakala njengoko ifiva, ukugabha kunye norhudo anzongonzongo. Norovirus ayikho kwamagciwane ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo izifo ezosulelayo ichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, xa izigulane ze besebancinane phantse lonke ilawulwa luphawu lwesifo ezifana norhudo, ngoxa abantu abadala ukugabha eqhelekileyo kakhulu sizingise. Phakathi kwezinye iintsholongwane ama ezaziwayo-kakuhle kubizwa ngokuba adenovirus neentlobo Sapoviruses kunye astroviruses.

iintsholongwane hepatitis

arhente ezisulelayo ezi zilwanyana kuchaphazela kwesibindi, kwaqala komtshiso oko. Science uyazi iintsholongwane ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo ezibangela kwesibindi; Sithe sawongwa ngokususela oonobumba be-alfabhethi ukusuka A ukuya E. Ukuba unomdla, yintoni na iintsholongwane kwesibindi ngo ihlabathi eliphuhlileyo, njengoko uphando lwezibalo kumazwe ngeziseko aphuhliswe kakuhle kunye namayeza longanyelwe ziintlobo A, B no C. I-hepatitis A intsholongwane engena zibe umzimba ukwetyisa ukutya okanye amanzi angcolile kunye ngendle. Yena episode ngokufutshane kwesibindi. Amagciwane e uhlobo B kunokubangela oyingozi okanye engapheliyo usulelo isibindi. Amagciwane ezifumaneka egazini kunye yobudoda. Iimeko ezininzi rhoqo zosulelo hepatitis B ziquka izenzo ngesondo, ukwabelana inaliti enye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezidakumbisayo, ukuba ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni ngexesha ekhulelwe naxa ezala. Uhlobo C gciwane ngokudibana negazi yesigulane. iisirinji ngekhemikali ngabantu ezahlukeneyo besebenzisa iziyobisi - eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokosulela. Le C hepatitis, ngokuqhelekileyo iba ezingapheliyo, unyango kunjalo, eyaneleyo kwiimeko ezininzi ukunciphisa esi sifo.

ezinye iintsholongwane

Yintoni na iintsholongwane umntu ongenguye ngasentla? Ukuba uprinte uluhlu olupheleleyo amagama kuya kufuneka apapashe uluhlu imiqulu emininzi. Ngaphezu koko, zonke izazinzulu unyaka ufumane iintlobo ezintsha olungaziwayo. Ezinye strains zinqabile kakhulu, kodwa ziyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba esibulalayo. Oku, umzekelo, Ebola ntsholongwane okanye ukrokrele. Namanye amagciwane eziqhelekileyo kwaye inani unobangela elikhulu zaseprayimari izifo. Abo banomdla ziziphi iintlobo omkhuhlane umntu, vula nje nakuphi na ukukhankwanywa, unyango ethandwayo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo omhle uhlobo eziqhelekileyo izifo iintsholongwane herpes ezibangela ezilula (ukumpompoza), labialis herpes, i-herpes obuni, mononucleosis ezosulelayo, varicella, herpes zoster kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi. papillomavirus ngoluNtu kuphela imbonakalo Iintsumpa abaqhelekileyo kwi eluswini, kodwa ke uphuhliso umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Zeziphi omkhuhlane abantu mva nje? Izifo zonke iintlobo entsha - HIV, kakhulu syndrome ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla (SARS) kunye noMbindi Mpuma syndrome yokuphefumla (a zezi- coronavirus) - kuhlala ingxaki enkulu, ekubeni ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho unyango olusebenzayo ngokwenene ezi zifo.

ekuxilongweni

Uxilongo lwe amagciwane kakhulu isekelwe phezu uviwo lokuqala lonyango kunye nocazululo imbali yezonyango. Umzekelo, isifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane, kulula ngokwaneleyo ukunakana, abantu abaninzi bayawazi kakhulu obubonakala. Ukufunyanwa kwe ezinye izifo, Noko ke, linokufuna izifundo diagnostic olongezelelweyo.

Zabo iimvavanyo zokuqaphela iingxaki igciwane lohlobo

Ekubeni impendulo yalo mbuzo, yintoni na iintsholongwane ebantwini, ibandakanya amawaka iimpendulo, ngamanye amaxesha ke akwanelanga nje ukuba bahlole isiguli bafunde imbali yayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha ukumisela enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zifundo zilandelayo:

• iimvavanyo zegazi ukukhangela ubukho elilwa iintsholongwane okanye awakwazi ekufunyanisweni ngqo;
• nokulinywa kwezakhi negazi, nolwelo oluphuma emzimbeni kunye nezinye izinto igcinwayo kummandla ochaphazelekayo;
• empontshwa localulo ulwelo fluid;
• polymerase chain reaction ubuchule ukwenza iikopi ezininzi ze-viral yemfuza ngaphezu lokuzazisa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo zentsholongwane izinto;
• ukwenza umfanekiso intlokoma Magnetic ekufunyanisweni kwe ukudumba kwi esithinzini nezenyama ebuchotsheni.

iimpawu

Yintoni na iintsholongwane ebantwini? Uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu, kodwa iimpawu zosulelo ezininzi kuququzelelwa ngenjongo ekwenzeni uluhlu olunye. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zosulelo gciwane ziquka:

• umkhuhlane;
• ubuhlungu imisipha;
• ukukhohlela;
• uthimla;
• iimpumlo ezivuzayo;
• Ukugodola;
• sorhudo;
• ukuphalaza;
• ufunga kwesikhumba;
• a ukuziva ubuthathaka.

Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo kakhulu zesi zezi zilandelayo:

• ukuqina entanyeni;
• emzimbeni;
• yombono;
• ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba;
• nokudideka;
• iqolo;
• ukulahleka koluvo;
• ukuphazamiseka lwesinye wokuchama namathumbu;
• ukozela, ingene isiqaqa okanye afe.

Usulelo: ziintsholongwane?

Yintoni na iintsholongwane ebantwini? Amagama akungekwazeki ukuba ndithethe into ongenalwazi, kodwa babantwana mabawuqonde umahluko phakathi izifo lweendidi wentsholongwane egazini kunye amagciwane.

Zombini ezi ntlobo ze zokugula oonobangela ngokonakala impilo kunye nophuhliso zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo. igciwane lohlobo, uthi igama lakhe luqala iziphumo umzimba kwentsholongwane - i-arhente lincinci intracellular ukuba noba mncinci kuno iintsholongwane. Ukongezelela, oko kwiqokobhe zokuzikhusela, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuba anitshabalalise. Le ntsholongwane ongena iseli ophilayo, kwaye ihlanganise izixhobo yayo yezofuzo ye ufuzo yayo. Iintsholongwane ezinje amasuntswana non-cellular kwaye kufuneka ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga yokuvelisa kwakhona. Ukuba uyazibuza ntoni na iintsholongwane, amagama apho uya kufumana kweli nqaku, mhlawumbi, iza kwalatha ukuba kwiziza eziphambili usulelo. Le empumlweni, emqaleni kunye iphecana eliphezulu zemiphunga. Ngeentlobo Virus kungabangela zombini imikhuhlane AIDS eqhelekileyo.

Ukuqalisa igciwane, iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kufuneka afumane ufikelelo ngaphakathi umzimba ngamanzi angcolile, Wayixakaxa esikhumbeni okanye ngokudibana umntu onesifo okanye izinto ingcolisekile. Enye indlela ezahlukene phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini yosulelo kukuba iintsholongwane ukungena emzimbeni ngokudibana izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, kuquka izibambo kunye imiphezulu yeetafile, yaye iintsholongwane - hayi. Omnye umahluko uhlobo le silwanyana: igciwane iseli kwaye andise kwiyantlukawano, lo gama intsholongwane ufe ngaphandle umnini - yenethiwekhi. Isikakhulu iintsholongwane angena emzimbeni iphecana yokuphefumla okanye iphecana zesisu. Ezinye izifo bacteria abanaso (njengoko, umzekelo, pharyngitis etsolo - throat).

Isizathu sokuba amagciwane

Umbuzo yintoni omkhuhlane umntu ingakumbi yondele kuba iiseli kwabantu singangena kubo. Xa ekucaca ukuba amajoni omzimba kwisuntswana ntsholongwane xa ezama ukuba atshabalalise umthombo ingozi ndirhoxise ezimelene amazwe emzimbeni.

okukwazi base- ivumela intsholongwane ukuba ngokukhawuleza qhoboshela iiseli ekhoyo. Inkqubo buthathaka omzimba nayo inegalelo enomfanekiso intsholongwane, kude inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba abakwazi ukumelana sisidleleli.