Iintlobo ant. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo mbovane eRashiya. Zingaphi iintlobo lwembovane ehlabathini?

Iimbovane - yenye esi sinambuzane ixhaphakileyo ehlabathini. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, le ntsapho iquka iintlobo kancinane ngaphezu 12.400, kuzo ezingaphezulu kwama-4500 ohlobo. Kodwa eli nani ayikho lokugqibela yaye ngalo lonke ixesha. Xa sicinga ukuba iintlobo ezininzi iimbovane zikhona kulo lonke ilizwe, abaninzi umdla ukwazi ukuba nguwuphi na kubo afumaneka kummandla Russia.

ukwazana jikelele nge iimbovane

Ukusuka kwindawo zebhayoloji lwembono, iimbovane Hymenoptera. ubukhulu yabo ibe ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeka iintlobo. Oku izinambuzane zentlalo ezihlala ngamathanga. Baya iindlwane zazo amasuntswana entle emhlabeni okanye umthi. Ezi iintsapho ezicwangciswe kakuhle kwaye abe iinkqubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu lonxibelelwano kuzo zonke izenzo zabo nelisebenza kakuhle. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ezinye iintlobo iimbovane ukunxibelelana ngolwimi lwabo, ngazo sikhupha ulwazi ezintsonkothileyo. Abaninzi kubo abe nama izinambuzane ezithile, izityalo, umngundo kunye neentsholongwane.

Ilungu ngalinye thanga oyaziyo indawo yakhe yaye enze ngokucacileyo indima yabo.

1. Nabasetyhini. Yeyona Umsunguli isiduli. Kumathanga ezininzi, umntu obhinqileyo omnye kuphela. Izalela amaqanda ayo isiduli wakhe landa lomelezwe.
2. Iinkunzi. Kuba iyimfuneko aqhamise nabasetyhini.
3. abantu abasebenza. Ngenxa yokuba ubomi babo isiduli. Baya ukwakha indlu, ewe, kusenje, banikwe bonke abemi ukutya, yokunyamekela imibungu.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amadoda namabhinqa zibonelelwa ngamaphiko, neembovane umsebenzi awunazo. Kwakhona, ezinye iintlobo weembovane abe ulwamvila.

indlela yokuphila

Xa imazi sele aqhamileyo, ithe amaphiko ayo kwaye uya kufuna indawo apho ibilele khona isiseko isiduli zabo kumagumbi aliqela kwaye elinye amaqanda khona. Inkunzi akazange aphile ngonaphakade. Isibeleko ezidla usebenzisa amathe. I 'iqela' yokuqala abantu abasebenza epapashwe iqala kukuzibandakanya zokwakha kunye nokuveliswa kokutya. Xa ufumana iimbovane umsebenzi ngokwaneleyo, imazi ukhathazeke kuphela amaqanda nokunyamekela Imibungu (alawulwe umbungu abamhlophe) ithatha phezu koloni. Emva molts abahlanu akhiwa pupae, leyo bayeke lusidla. Benza iimazi abadala kunye nabantu abasebenza. Le nkqubo ihlala ixesha ezikhulayo yonke. Amaduna ujungujungu entwasahlobo.

Yokudla esisiseko - na isiselo le yincindi zezityalo intwala. Kodwa lo mzuzu xa anyamekele imibungu, iimbovane zitya nezinye izinambuzane.

Iimbovane: uhlobo eRashiya kunye neempawu zazo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ezi zinambuzane abakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye lokusingatha nayiphi na imbonakalo. Kodwa uhlobo ngamnye uneempawu zawo, yaye oku kungenxa nje kuphela iimpawu zangaphandle. Ngamnye kubo iiyantlukwano zalo kwi zokuziphatha neendlela zokuphila. Ngoko ke xa ufunda nzulu ngezi izinambuzane, kwanabo abahlala kwintsimi yethu, ukuze kubonakala ngathi akukho umdla ngaphantsi kwabo bahlala kuphela ndawo. Sele ekhankanywe njani iintlobo ezininzi iimbovane ehlabathini, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngaphezu kwe-125 yezi ntlobo e Russian. Kodwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, eli nani ziyohluka yaye ngamanye amaxesha ifikelela 300. Eyona eziqhelekileyo yabo - kakhulu amahlathi ebomvu, engcotyeni, uFaro, izilwanyana, iintubi, kunye nezinye Blankers. Cinga ezinye iintlobo ze mbovane. Photo ezinye izinambuzane ziya kwenziwa.

Auburn ehlathini

Olu hlobo ukuze ezihlala kuzo ikhetha amahlathi mixed coniferous kwaye zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, nto leyo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40. Abasetyhini kunye nabasebenzi zahluke obudaywe brown. ubude yabo malunga 7-14 mm. Intloko imbovane une imilo lume kunye nomzimba tight. Amaduna abamnyama ezibomvana okanye imilenze elityheli. iintsapho zabo akutshatanga, yahlulwe iindidi ezintathu. Sinye unokuba phakathi kwe-800 lamawaka. Ukuya kwizilwanyana million 1. Ukususela ngoMeyi de kuye ekupheleni kukaJuni ekuqaleni Utyeshelo ukuba ukukhwela. Yintoni ayimangalisi kukuba amaqanda kufika abantu abasebenza kuphela, okanye, nokuba yindoda, nokuba ngumfazi. konke kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno yentsapho.

Olu hlobo mbovane uyakwazi buhlungu imithi yeziqhamo ngenxa yokuba kukho iintwala siyakhuthazeka. Kodwa bona bazuza imiyezo. Ezi zinambuzane abatshabalalisa eninzi izinambuzane ezibangela umonakalo izityalo yokunciphisa. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwabo izinambuzane iimbovane yokuzala ogama ubunzima iqala. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isiduli elikhulu, ezi zinambuzane ngosuku olunye inokuzisa ukuya ku-21 amawaka izitshabalalisi pupae. Ngoko ke, umntu onjalo mbovane unako ukukhusela zasehlathini ngehektare coniferous.

uhlobo emnandi

Olunye uhlobo, eqhelekileyo eRashiya - engcotyeni. Ubukhulu be yayo uyahluka 5-11 mm. Ethafeni umzimba imbovane igutyungelwe villi, kwaye phambi incum kukho ibala elimnyama. Kuba Izakhiwo zokuhlala, bakhetha nemiqolomba, ezinemiphetho ezivulekileyo kunye clearings. Olu hlobo kwakhona kuvela iintwala. Ukususela indlwane ukuya 'idlelo "zawo zibe-kubunzulu umkhondo ngaphezulu wenza isigubungelo. Kunye ezi iindlela iimbovane yiya kule minyaka. Ukongeza ekunikezeleni ezi ntlobo intwala ziimbovane zitya izinambuzane abafileyo. Kakhulu kunqabile regale ephila.

Emva ebusika, kamsinya nje umoya ukufudumala ku degrees 10, zinyakazele ngaphandle isiduli. Xa amaqondo obushushu izinambuzane 30 musa ushiye ikhaya lakho. ezichazwe ngasentla, iintlobo ezininzi iimbovane ehlabathini, kodwa bonke bephela benza kuphela ezi utyeshelo yokwandisa kabini ngexesha. Baya kuwa ngoMeyi no-Agasti.

uhlobo uFaro

Oku kubhekisela mmeli mbovane zincinane. ubude sabo setotali ngu 2-4 mm. zaye kuqala bafumanisa eYiputa emangcwabeni kwi mummies. Ke Karl Linney uchaze uze ubanike igama. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1758. ubungakanani Small yanceda aba bantwana ukuba basasazeke emhlabeni. ERashiya, wabonakala 1889. Ngoko ke aba babe iintlobo ezaziwayo ziimbovane. Ehlabathini zifumaneka phantse zonke ekoneni, apho kukho abantu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ke esisu yellow kwaye kumnyama. Iinkunzi phantse emnyama kunye ezinamaphiko. Olu hlobo kakhulu nzima-yokusebenza, kwaye ngecala langasentla babo ubomi kuphela kumakhaya abantu. Bakhetha ubumnyama nokufuma, ngoko amaninzi zifumaneka nasezimfanteni imigangatho, amadonga kunye nezinye ukuqanda. Ngenxa yokuba zisoloko eshushu, kodwa musa ubusika kwaye amathanga yazo ikhula. Ngokuqhelekileyo amanani zabo - ezimbalwa iwaka. Ngaphezu koko, akukho mfuneko yokuba sokuntingela kufuywe emva kokukhulelwa ukusebenza abantu ilume off kwamaphiko wesibeleko. Ngonyaka nje omnye intsapho ezonto abemi amawaka amabini. Le ndlwana wahlulelene, nendlela zisasazwe kuwo wonke loo mmandla, nikhulela ngamathanga ezinkulu. Alwe nzima nabo, kuba ndaweni nye isenokungabi nemazi enye. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ezi mabanjwa abakwazi ukufumana iincukuthu, ngokuba esiti ukuba iphuma iimbovane uFaro ziyabulala ezi izitshabalalisi zokulala.

indlu mbovane

Aba bameli kwakhona ujonge incinane, zibe zabo ubukhulu 1 ukuya ku-3 mm. Indoda nenkazana mnyama ithoni emdaka, kunye nabantu abasebenza zahluke umbala otyheli eqaqambileyo. Ezi ziphambana ngokuba amasela. isayizi yazo libenza phantse engabonakaliyo, yaye ngenxa yoko uyavana malunga nezinye iintlobo imbovane. Ngelo xesha linye ebe kwindawo yazo kunye namaqanda ukuzondla. Abanako kuhlangana kwindawo phakathi eRashiya, kwakunye emazantsi inxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe.

uhlobo abamnyama

Le Uhlobo nalo ngomnye ziqhelekileyo kwaye kaninzi ababeke kumakhaya abantu. umbala wabo idla abamnyama, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha emnyama mdaka. Zonke umzimba izinambuzane wambu villi encinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo iindlwane akhiwa ngayo emhlabeni, kwaye ngaphezulu ibe igquma isambuku. Kananjalo ukwakha izindlu zabo entshinyeleni yehlathi naphantsi kwamakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ungafumana mbovane black ubukhulu obukhulu - kule meko liyakukhubekisa phezu komnye ummeli, ibizwa ngokuba kubavuni. Olu hlobo eyaziwa wayevuma yayo zolondolozo enkulu kwinduli. Ukuba bangahlangana malunga ngekhilogram iimbewu nezinambuzane ukuphumeza ngempumelelo ebusika. Into enikisa umdla kukuba, ngokungafaniyo ezinye iimbovane kwindawo yazo ukuba zitya ukutya izityalo, hayi izinambuzane.

Kodwa lolu hlobo iimbovane, zifumaneka eRashiya, ayipheli apho. Ngokomzekelo, umchweli ezininzi eyaziwayo, ibaleke ecaleni amasebe kunye eqokelelwe amaqhosha uju, kwaye balwenza amathanga abo kwizikhondo okanye ngaphantsi amaxolo, eyiva kuvunyelwane. Kwakhona kwi kummandla lizwe kukho ezinye iintlobo "Amazons", ezo musa kunokubangela ngabantu abasebenza, undilalanise Imibungu ku iimbovane ngoxolo. abantwana bazalwa ucinga Amazon - abazali labo ze baqalise ukuba benze wonke umsebenzi 'abamnyama'.

Iintlobo ezininzi eziyingozi iimbovane: igama nenkcazelo

Kukho iindidi ezimbini kwezi izinambuzane, ezikunika uloyiko ekhethekileyo umntu. Kodwa zifumaneka hayi eRashiya. Oku Iimbovane "Bullet" yaye "Soldier" (eyaziwa ngokuba iimbovane ukuzulazula). Uhlobo lokuqala sifumaneka emahlathini, iyinceda ukusuka Paraguay ukuya eNicaragua. ubude bayo umzimba ngeesentimitha eziyi-2.5. Yena amalungiselelo isiduli bakhe emthini. Watyhutyha ngaphantsi kwalo, ungafumana le imbovane ngesibindi esikutsibelayo umntu ukukhusela koloni lazo kutshaba. Ezi zinambuzane bayakwazi ukumemeza naphambi ahlasele, wenza ifowuni. Ibizwa ngokuba "bullet" ayikho nje. ziluma yayo buhlungu yaye shrill njenge inxeba imbumbulu.

amajoni imbovane

Eli arthropods yesibini yingozi. Ngokomthetho yena uhlala ngokuhambelana Amazon, kodwa nentsapho yakhe kudibana Asia and Afrika. Le intlanzi enkulu, lwathi 1.5 cm. Kwakhona kufuneka mandibles omkhulu (malunga nama-7-8 mm). Ezi Iimbovane abanayo isiduli ngokusisigxina. Basoloko ukubhadula, setting up iintente nje ixesha elifutshane de ukumkanikazi ibeka amaqanda ayo. Ngeli xesha, amajoni abo zikhangela ukutya. Xa kukho Imibungu, iimbovane ndibavuse kwaye ukuqhubeka indlela. Eyona nto yoyikekayo - ukuba into okuyo indlela yakho kutshabalalisa zonke izidalwa eziphilayo - izinambuzane, izilwanyana ezincinane nezinkulu - bonke abo balayo ukufihla okanye ubuthongo. Ixhoba esingalumkanga ufana nokulatyuza ibandakanya amakhulu amawaka amajoni ezinamandla. Ezi iimbovane baziimfama ngokupheleleyo, ngoko bonke kuthathwa njengento esisisongelo koloni lazo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ningoyiki ngobukhulu zezilwanyana.

Aba Iimbovane abantu abamanyeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba ungenza imizimba yazo ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na imilo. Umzekelo, benza ibhulorho ukuya kweli thanga baboyisa umqobo, okanye iindonga kwimozulu. Ukuze benze oku, baza ngokuqinileyo inamathele omnye komnye.

Iintshaba Iimbovane

Njengoko sele sibonile, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimbovane babe isakhiwo zangaphakathi zazo elibakhusela kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ube koloni. Kodwa ezi zinambuzane kwakhona iintshaba bathanda ukutya kuzo. Enye izitshabalalisi inkulu imbovane i ibhere. Yena rhoqo ekuchitheni iindlwane, ohlisa umva ezihamba ngamathupha azo. Ziimbovane "obleplivayut 'yabo ilukhothayo nebhere ngayo. Kwakhona bayakuthanda ukutya ezi abamenzelayo izinambuzane kunye amasele, ngubani na oya ndiphoswe ukubaleka ezidlulileyo lwakukhula. Ukongezelela, ezininzi zezilwanyana eyaziwayo ethwele igama "silwane". It siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba isicheme singene emizini sinambuzane. Ukongeza, akoyiki ze izinja zabo, kuba uboya kunzima kangaka yaye bubanzi nkqu iimbovane ezincinci awukwazi ukufumana kulo. Le nyama yale isilwanyana kunuka kanye yezi izinambuzane kwaye omnyama. Kodwa oku neentshaba kuphela iimbovane, njengoko kuzingela nje kuphela ezincancisayo kodwa iintaka kunye neentlanzi.