Tundra sezulu eRussia North America

Le umhlaba mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye ke, iimeko zayo zemozulu zahluke kakhulu. Lo mba inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwizityalo nezilwanyana, kuphazamisa okanye ibhexesha ubomi kule ngingqi. Ngoko ke, tundra imozulu - omnye kakhulu kakhulu yaye kunzima-to-ebomini.

Indawo esikuyo Umbala

E North America Indawo kumathafa imi ecaleni konxweme eFar North inxalenye lwezwekazi kwilizwekazi. Singene uninzi kummandla eGreenland kunye Nqabakazi waseKhanada kwaye ubonakalisa ukuba parallel 60. Oku kubangelwa umoya abandayo olwandlwe lwe-Arctic Ocean.

Umbala Russian yi-15% yabo yonke indawo karhulumente. Ibanga ngaselunxwemeni ye-Arctic Ocean isiqwenga elimxinwa kakhulu. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo, kufuneka ngaphezu kwintsimi enkulu. Le mimandla ziquka Taimyr siqithi, Chukotka. Nangona mazwe entlango kunye nokunqaba kohlaza, Umbala baphila abameli ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana.

division samiselwa of Tundra

Phantsi kwesihloko "Tundra" ngokufihla subzones ezine ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubangelwa ezahlukeneyo kwendawo, indawo imimandla kunye kufutshane okanye kwizikolo ezikude ezilwandle okanye ezintabeni. tundra sezulu kwisisele ngalinye iyohluka. Kukho ukwahlulwa enemiqathango zilandelayo:

• intlango Arctic;
• emathafeni eqhelekileyo;
• emathafeni;
• tundra entabeni.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imozulu eyetundra ihlathi kumathafa kuthelekiswa zithambe entlango Arctic, kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba le mimandla kufuneka abe flora kakhulu nezilwanyana.

entlango Arctic

Zone entlango arctic ise-North America kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu zemozulu. ERashiya, le ongu- ayikho. Summer ithatha iiveki nje ezimbalwa. Winter ihlala ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ebusika, ilanga ngenkankulu uyaphuma phezu kolundi. Wind ifikelela amandla amakhulu.

Amaqondo obushushu ebusika badla bawe ukuba -60? C. Kobushushu ngexesha lasehlotyeni elifutshane ayidluli 5? C. Umbilo mncane kakhulu - akuyona ngonyaka uyawa 500 mm. Izityalo zenza ubulembu kunye ulele, leyo yokugubungela nemisele emhlabeni. Ehlotyeni, oku iba ongu- kumgxobhozo. Oku kubangelwa ngumphunga aphantsi amanzi ngeli thuba. Ukongeza, permafrost na ukungena nzulu kulo.

Sekunjalo, ummandla entlango arctic yeyona yokuhlala ebalulekileyo izilwanyana kunye iintaka ezizalayo. Entlakohlaza kukho amarhanisi, eiders, guillemots, puffins, wazo, kunxweme amatywina lokusinda, walruses, amabhere, must iinkomo. Ungafumana kwakhona & nbsp Lemmings kunye beziingcuka ezidla kubo.

emathafeni boqobo

Tundra sezulu, nto leyo enxulumene kule ongu- kwakhona ngqwabalala kakhulu, kodwa ke xa kuthelekiswa Arctic entlango, yena othambileyo. amaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni ukufikelela 10? C, -50 ebusika? C. Uqweqwe Snow azinabunzulu ashinyeneyo. Spring iqala ngoMeyi, ebusika iqala ngo-Oktobha. Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni ezi akukhona kunokwenzeka, ngenxa permafrost baninzi imilambo, izadunge, amachibi kunye imigxobhozo. Bona abaziphethe kwaye kulula ukudlulela sleds. Winter luphawulwa yimimoya enamandla kwekhephu. cover Lemvelo eqinileyo, oko becala ubulembu kunye ulele.

Esinga kwelasezantsi, unako ukufumana tshitshilili blueberry ephantsi-likhula, irozmeri zasendle, cranberries, UCassandra. Ngasechwebeni imilambo namachibi kubonakala amatyholo sedge, willow, nenomlanga , ezinde, alder, konwele. Loo Russian tundra kwemozulu kudlulela ezantsi de ngoJulayi 10 isotherm. Kwezi meko zobo rhoqo polar nezikhova, ptarmigan, icaribou, iingcuka, Lemmings, weasels kunye iimpungutye. Kwezinye iingingqi, kukho dlebe.

intlango Arctic kakuhle kwi imozulu ongu- yesibini. Tundra sezulu e North America yahlukile kwi-Russian. Ezifana lomhlaba kakuhle (umgquba-gley, kumathafa gley, permafrost Bog), imimoya enamandla iqabaka eliphezulu akavumelekanga ukuba ukuphuhlisa izityalo ephakamileyo ephakame nokuphuhlisa inkqubo iingcambu. Nangona kunjalo, lo isithuba wayifulela moss kunye ulele, zibe lidlelo amaxhama eMelika eRashiya.

ihlathi-emathafeni

Ezantsi intsimi, imozulu iba ukufudumala. Isithuba esiqhubekayo moss, ulele kunye nezityalo ephantsi-ezikhulayo, ezo aqalile kuvela imimmandla engenamithi emide - oku kubizwa ngokuba ummandla tundra kwemozulu. Ibanga kuyo yonke North America nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya - ukusuka Kola Peninsula ukuya Indigirka. Tundra sezulu kwi sub-zone ivumela zombini enezityalo nezilwanyana kufuneka zande.

Amaqondo obushushu ebusika ukufikelela thabatha 40 Celsius, ehlotyeni -? 15 C. imvula yonyaka ifikelela mm 450 kuphela. cover Snow iyunifom, oba emhlabeni malunga iinyanga 9. Imvula ngaphezu komphunga, ngoko umhlaba ubukhulu becala nja--gley, umgquba Bog, kweminye imimandla gley-podzolic. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oluninzi amachibi twa.

Ukususela izityalo ngaphandle uphawu awayedla kumathafa, kukho fir yebhalsam, nespruce, eSiberia larch, amade ezinde. Imilambo zinempembelelo elongameleyo kwimozulu. Ngenxa kule imithi ephantsi ezikhula ecaleni konxweme ukugqobhoza ukuya kumathafa. Kwakhona kumathafa eqhelekileyo, kukho iintlobo ezifana nesakhwatsha emhlophe, shrews, iimpungutye.

tundra entabeni

Le nkqutyana-indawo eqhiwukileyo, ebe kwenzeka undizela phezulu kwiindawo apho ezinkqantosini, ezihonjisiwe ngokhuni, engqongwe namawa emikhulu. Mountain emathafeni kuxhaphakile kwiintaba North-East of Russia, kumazantsi eSiberia, eTibet, phezu Pacific kunxweme nakuMntla Melika, kwiinduli Davis Strait, kwi-Brooks Range, Alaska Range njalo njalo.

tundra sezulu ezintabeni uphawuleka yimimoya enamandla, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, permafrost, ukungabikho kwekhephu kwiindawo ezivulekileyo. Iqala ongu- komnye umda ehlathini iphela kumda komgca ikhephu kwi kwezihloko. Kufuphi imithi emide ikhula imithana of willow kunye alder. Ukusondela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kokukhona mmandla, wazigquma utyani, isiqingatha-amatyholo, ubulembu kunye ulele.

Nangona isimo esibi kumathafa, le ndawo yendalo yindawo lokuzingela sisityebi. Kuyinto kwezi meko ukuhlala nokwanda iindidi enezityalo nezilwanyana ukuba akafumaneki kwezinye iingingqi. Ezinye iintlobo zazo zidweliswe ezisengozini. Ukongeza, i-kumathafa osisityebi kwezibonelelo zendalo, imveliso leyo liyenyuka qho ngonyaka, nangona imozulu.